What does the art of living mean?

-The artistry of life

Zhu Guangqian

Up to now, we have been discussing the creation and appreciation of art. In this section, I propose to briefly explain the relationship between art and life.

When opening the chapter, I focused on the difference between aesthetic attitude and practical attitude, and the distance between art and real life. If I stop here, you may misunderstand that I regard art and life as two unrelated things. I didn't mean that.

Life is a multifaceted but harmonious whole. Analysis, we say that some are practical activities, some are scientific activities, and some are aesthetic activities. In order to clear the name, this distinction should be made;

But let's not forget that a complete life lies in the average development of these three activities, which are separable but not in conflict. The meaning of "real life" is narrower than that of the whole life. The mistake of ordinary people is to put

They think that art is equal to "real life" and has no value in the whole life. Some people maintain the status of art and want to forcibly bring it into the small building of "real life"

Let's go Such people not only don't know art, but also don't know life. We regard real life as a fragment of the whole life, so when we affirm the distance between art and real life, we don't affirm art and the whole life.

Gap. Strictly speaking, there is no art without life, because art is the expression of interest, and the root of interest lies in life; On the contrary, there is no life without art, because all creation and appreciation are artistic activities.

Life without creation and appreciation is a contradictory term.

In a broader sense, life is an art. Everyone's life history is his own work. This kind of work can be artistic or not, just as it is a kind of stubborn stone. One person can carve it into a great statue, but another person can't make it into a "finished product". It's all about sex and cultivation. A man who knows life is an artist, and his life is a work of art.

Living a lifetime is like writing an article. A perfect life has the beauty that a top-grade article should have.

First, a good article must be a complete organism, in which all parts are closely related and cannot be slightly moved or increased or decreased. You can see the spirit of the whole article in every word. Such as Tao Yuanming's drinking.

Originally, the poem was "Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence and seeing Nanshan leisurely", but later generations mistakenly printed the word "seeing" as the word "looking", and the expression of natural encounter in the original text was completely lost. The integrity of this art is called "personality" in life. earth

The most perfect life is the expression of personality. Big and advancing and retreating, small and laughing, all of which conflict with the overall personality. Tao Yuanming refused to bow down to the village children for five buckets of rice, which is an appropriate statement in his life history.

Chapter, if he missed this section, he lost his position as Tao Yuanming. It is an article in Socrates' life history. When he refused to escape from prison and was executed, Ding Ning told his neighbor to pay back the debt of a chicken, otherwise he would lose all.

Grady. This kind of life history can be amazing as a painting, which is a masterpiece of art.

Secondly, "sincere words" is the key to the article. A poem or a beautiful article must be the most affectionate expression. It exists in the middle and then forms outside without any excuse. Interest was originally the result of my resonant singing. scenery

It's endless fun to become inactive. I have my own personality, and things have their own personality, which changes and grows at any time. What everyone saw at a club at a certain time, and what each scene triggered at a club at a certain time.

All smells have their own particularity, and they will not be exactly the same as the scenery that another person saw at another time and another scene at another time. The difference is subtle. In this endless

In interest, we can see the creation of life. It is a good article to show this life in words and words; It is a happy life history in words and deeds.

Articles are taboo, so is life. Vulgarity means not having your own true colors and following other people's old rules. Xi Shi suffers from heart disease and often smiles. This is a natural expression, which adds to her beauty. Dong Shi has no heart disease and is eager to learn and strong.

The gesture of raising eyebrows can only be offensive. In Xi Poetry, this is creation, while in Dong Shi, this is a cliche. The cliche begins with the exhaustion of life, which is a sign of hypocrisy. As Croce said, hypocrisy is ugly. "Public water?

In fact, it has naturally become a pattern. "This is the beauty of the article and the beauty of life. In what position, what kind of people, how to find interesting, how to behave and behave, people feel harmonious and complete at first sight. This is art.

Life.

As the saying goes, "only heroes are true." The so-called artistic life is the real life. There are two kinds of people whose lives are the least artistic, one is a layman and the other is a hypocrite. "Vulgar" just lacks its true colors, while "hypocrite" tries to cover up its true colors. Zhu Huian has a poem saying:

Half an acre of square pond opened, and the sky was overcast.

Why is the water in the pond so clear? Because there is inexhaustible living water for it.

Artistic life is a life of "flowing water from the source". The layman is obsessed with fame and fortune, drifting with the tide, and has no "sky and clouds" in his heart, just because there is no source of living water. Their serious illness is the exhaustion of life. The hypocrite is here.

On top of the qualification of "layman", add the trick of "bathing monkeys to win the championship" Their characteristics are not only manifested in moral hypocrisy, but also in their words and deeds, smiles and smiles, which make people feel unattractive. Who knows that in the bookshelf of romantic celebrities, masks

How many walking corpses are hidden? Both "laity" and "hypocrite" are "beggars" in life, and they all lack the conscience that artists should have when creating. As Bergson said, they are all "machines of life"

"Hua" can only be a character in a happy brush, and most people who live in comedies have no artistic cells.

Artistic creation should be appreciated, and so should life. Most people are always willing to say that a kind of words and deeds are "good-looking" and "not good-looking", which is more or less measured by the standard of artistic appreciation. But most people don't know

Can be thorough, can't put every word and deed in the whole life history to see, their concept of "personality" is too weak, and the so-called "good-looking" and "bad-looking" are often just "perfunctory faces". People who are good at life are thorough and serious.

Don't let a little dust interfere with the harmony of the whole life. Most people tend to think that artists are the most casual people, but in fact, within the scope of art, artists are the most serious. In exercise, I often spit out my heart and I also draw a stroke.

Refuse to get along. When Wang wrote the poem "Green in", the original "green" space was "Zhi" space. Later, the word "Zhi" was changed to "Guo", from "Guo" to "Jin" and from "Jin" to "Man".

The word "green" was changed more than ten times before it was defined as "green". That is, you can imagine the seriousness of the artists at this end. People who are good at life are so serious about life. When Ceng Zi died, he remembered that the mat on the bed was a land machine, so he had to call someone.

It was changed before it was published. Wu once secretly promised to give Xu Jun a sword, but he died without Xu Jun. He solemnly hung his sword on a tree next to Xu Jun's tomb to see the friendship of "life and death are in the middle". Words and deeds like this

Although it seems like a paragraph, people who are good at life refuse to let go easily, just as poets refuse to let go of every word easily. This is the case with sections, not to mention the big and small sections. Dong Huning would rather behead than cover up historical facts, and Qi Yi would rather starve to death than surrender.

Zhou, this manner is both moral and artistic. We advocate the artistry of life, that is, the seriousness of life.

An artist's evaluation of the value of a thing is based on whether it can be integrated into a harmonious whole, which is often unexpected by ordinary people. He can look down upon what ordinary people look down upon, and he can look down upon what ordinary people look down upon. When you value something,

He knows how to persist; When he despises something, he also knows to get rid of it. Art can be seen not only in what you know, but also in what you know. Su Dongpo's paper is like running in the valley, doing what it should do and stopping at what it should do.

More than that. This is the right choice, and so is artistic life. People who are good at life will judge everything in the world with artistic eyes. People who are good at art can become Mount Tai, but those who are not good at art can't.

Mount Tai can also become a hair. He can not only be serious, but also get rid of it. Look at his seriousness when he is serious. Get rid of it and see his openness. Guo was surprised to see him fall into mourning and leave. He said, "I have already

It's broken. What's the good? "The philosopher Spinoza would rather live by grinding a mirror than be a university professor for fear of interfering with his freedom. Wang Huizhi lived in Yin Shan, and one night it began to snow, and the moonlight was clear. Suddenly, I remembered his friend Dai Kui and took a ride.

The boat went to Shanxi to see him and rowed it back as soon as it arrived at the door. He said, "Come on a whim and come back when you're done." These things are far from each other, but we can see that the artist is open-minded. Need a great life and great art.

At the same time, there is a serious and open victory. Most of the clean stream in Jin dynasty only knew openness but not seriousness, while most of Neo-Confucianism in Song dynasty only knew seriousness and did not know the gap.

Da. Tao Yuanming and Du Zimei are just right.

Life history is a work. From an ethical point of view, it is divided into good and evil, and from an artistic point of view, it is divided into beauty and ugliness. What is the relationship between good and evil, beauty and ugliness?

In a narrow sense, the value of ethics is practical, the value of aesthetic feeling is beyond practice, ethical activities are doing something, while aesthetic activities are doing nothing. For example, benevolence, loyalty and faith are all good. Ask them why they are good.

We have to pay attention to the happiness of the crowd. The reason why beauty is beautiful lies in the form of beauty itself, not in its utility to the crowd (this does not mean that it has no utility to the crowd). If there is only one in the world,

Man, he can't have moral activities, because there are fathers and sons who have filial piety and friends who have faith. But this imaginary loner can also have artistic activities, appreciate the world he lives in and create works. Good depends on it, but beauty depends on it. The value of goodness is "external" and the value of beauty is "internal".

However, this distinction is narrow. Broadly speaking, goodness is a kind of beauty, and evil is an ugliness. Because ethical activities can also cause aesthetic appreciation and disgust. The great Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle discussed ethics.

When dealing with problems, everyone thinks that there are levels of goodness. Although the general goodness has only external value, the "supreme goodness" has internal value. What is this so-called "supreme goodness"? Plato and Aristotle were originally one track-minded.

The extremes of idealism go to the extremes of empiricism, but there is a consensus on this issue. They all think that "the best" lies in "playing with ropes without doing anything" (selflessness

Meditation). This view has a great influence on the trend of western philosophy, and the theories of Spinoza, Hegel and Schopenhauer can be used for reference. It can be seen that the "supreme goodness" in the minds of western philosophers also

Is it a kind of beauty, the highest ethical activity or an artistic activity?

Can "doing nothing to play with a rope" be regarded as "the best"? This question involves the view of God of western philosophers. Since the popularity of Jesus, God has been a moralist with great compassion. In Greek philosophers and modern times

In the minds of Leibniz, Nietzsche and Schopenhauer, God is a great artist. He created this universe for his own creation and appreciation. In fact, this view does not lower the status of God. Jesuits

God is just a group of poor beggars who are rich and willing to give alms, while the God in the hearts of ordinary philosophers takes the universe as music, hoping to see harmonious musicians in this music.

Which of these two ideas is better? Western philosophers believe that God is just an elf, and his activities are absolutely free and unrestricted, while people cannot be absolutely free because of physical needs. The more people can get rid of their physiological needs.

The closer you are to God, the freer you will be. "Doing nothing to play with rope" is the only free activity, so it becomes the highest ideal.

These words seem a bit mysterious and should not be mentioned here. But believe it or not, as an image, there are many ideas worth pondering. I also like reading philosophy books in my spare time.

Books. To be honest, I doubt what many philosophers say, but I find it interesting. I thought all philosophical systems could only be regarded as works of art when they were so poor. Philosophy and science are extremely poor, with full marks.

Full of curiosity. Every philosopher and scientist is interested in the little truth he sees (whether it is true or not) and appreciates it with passion. Truth leaves practicality and becomes interesting.

The mind is already the object of aesthetic feeling. Scientific facts such as "The Earth revolves around the sun" and "Hook and string equals string" can be as fascinating as Miro's Love of God or the Ninth Symphony. Scientists seek such things.

True, poor to the end, it is precisely because they can be thrilling. Therefore, scientific activity is also an artistic activity. Not only is goodness and beauty integrated, but there is no gap between truth, goodness and beauty.

Art is an interesting activity, and art life is also an interesting life. People can be divided into two types, one is full of interest, interested in many things and seeking to enjoy this interest everywhere. One is love.

Bored people are bored with many things and don't have fun. They just compete with fly maggots for food and clothes all day long. The latter is a layman, while the former is an artist. The richer the taste, the happier the life, the so-called person.

The artistry of life is the interest of life.

"Learning interestingly" means appreciating. Whether you know life or not depends on whether you can appreciate many things. Appreciation is also "out of thin air". When appreciating, people are as free and blessed as immortals.

There is a cart road in the Alps valley with beautiful scenery on both sides. There are signs on the road to persuade tourists to say, "Take your time and enjoy it!" Many people live in the world of Ma Rulong, where this car is like running water, just like in the Alps.

Riding in the valley, rushing by, there is no time to look back and miss the scenery, so this rich and gorgeous world has become a lifeless prison. What a pity!

Friend, before I say goodbye, I add three words to the farewell idiom of China people with the slogan on the Alps road: "Take your time and enjoy it!"

( 1932)