Wheat field management technology

Wheat is an important food in the north of our country. When planting wheat in the field, we must pay attention to management and methods. What should we pay attention to in wheat field management? So let’s take a look at what I do It is highly recommended by everyone and I hope it will be helpful to you.

Top tips for spring field management of winter wheat

Spring is a critical period for determining the number of ears per acre, number of grains per ear, and grain weight. Strengthening spring field management based on seedling conditions is the key to achieving high wheat yields. In terms of management, we should focus on implementing the eight-character key points of "pressure, hug, clear, chase, water, control, defense and defense".

Pressing: that is, pressing wheat in early spring. Pressing wheat in early spring can solidify the soil, bridge gaps in the soil, increase and protect soil moisture, prevent cold, control growth and prevent lodging, and promote early root growth and early greening. The appropriate period for suppressing is to suppress wheat fields 1 to 2 times during the period when the soil surface of wheat fields thaws and returns to slurry and returns to green. Wheat fields that are growing too vigorously should be suppressed 2 to 3 times during the period from returning to green to rising. This can inhibit the growth of the above ground and play a role in controlling the growth. It has the function of strengthening and preventing lodging; wheat fields with extensive land preparation and lots of litter during autumn sowing should be suppressed in time after the soil thaws in early spring. Suppression should be carried out in two ways: early, and not in three cases. That is to say, wheat fields with poor soil preparation quality should be crushed early, and wheat fields with poor moisture content should be crushed early to connect the soil capillaries to increase moisture; do not crush wheat in the early morning, do not crush wheat when soil moisture is too high, and do not crush wheat when the plants freeze to avoid damage. Crush wheat leaves and damage soil structure.

Hug: that is, hoeing and rowing wheat. Hoeing and loosening the soil has the functions of raising temperature, preserving moisture, promoting the transformation from weak to strong, controlling the transformation from vigorous to strong, and promoting early root development of wheat seedlings and rapid growth of new tillers. Generally, before and after turning green, the wheat should be suppressed first and then hoed and scratched. Generally, the depth of hoeing in wheat fields is 1 to 2 centimeters, and the depth of hoeing and scratching in wheat fields with risk of lodging is 3 centimeters.

Cleaning: That is to clean up the winter covering in time. If the measures of covering soil and manure to prevent cold are taken in winter, the soil should be cleaned in two times during the greening period in conjunction with wheat harvesting to prevent the manure from affecting the photosynthesis of the leaves.

Topdressing, watering: top dressing and watering. Top dressing and watering should be done according to the "five checks", and fertilizer and water should be checked scientifically.

The management of fertilizer and water in spring depends on the moisture content, seedling condition, time period, weather, and soil fertility.

For wheat fields that were sown before winter due to lack of moisture and were poured with freezing water too early, or were not irrigated with freezing water, or are severely drought-stricken, in mid-March, when the temperature stabilizes above 3°C, choose a sunny day and plant the field at 10 a.m. Pour small amounts of water carefully until 4 p.m., and strictly control the amount of water and avoid flooding with large amounts of water. If the temperature drops significantly, stop watering immediately and wait until the temperature rises before watering again to prevent freezing damage.

For third-category wheat fields with poor moisture and less than 450,000 stems per mu, the main purpose is to promote the wheat field. The first fertilizer water is poured during the greening stage, and 5 to 8 kilograms of urea per mu are topdressed with subsequent watering; Pour fertilizer and water for the second time during the jointing stage, and then topdress 10 to 15 kilograms of urea per acre with watering. For second-class wheat fields with good moisture content and a total number of stems per mu between 450,000 and 600,000, fertilizer and water should be poured for the first time during the wheat growth period, combined with watering and topdressing of 10 to 15 kilograms of urea per mu. Among them, wheat fields with weak wheat seedlings and insufficient population can be top-dressed and watered from the early to mid-rise stage; wheat fields with suitable populations should be top-dressed and watered for the first time in the late stage of establishment.

For first-class wheat fields with good moisture content and a total number of stems per mu of 600,000 to 800,000, the first fertilization and watering can be postponed to the jointing stage, combined with watering, and topdressing of 12 to 15 kilograms of urea per mu. .

For vigorous seedlings with a total stem number of more than 800,000 acres and that are in danger of lodging, they should be cultivated and suppressed before jointing to control the growth of the group. Generally, watering and fertilization can be done in the late stage of jointing, and 8 to 10 kilograms of urea per acre can be applied.

Control: control and prevent collapse. Chemical control can effectively shorten the basic internode length and improve lodging resistance. For high-yielding fields, or a small number of wheat fields with a growing trend due to early sowing and excessive density, or wheat fields with a tendency to grow vigorously due to excessive fertilization, or fields with poor resistance to lodging, during the rising period, every day Use 37.5 to 50 grams of 10 Guoguang Aifeng wettable powder per mu, or 25 to 30 ml of 20 Zhuangfengan EC, and spray 30 kilograms of water evenly to ensure strict control of the dosage so that there is no weight, no leakage, and no drift.

Prevention: comprehensive prevention and control of diseases, insects and weeds.

Spring is the season when diseases, insect pests and weeds are common in winter wheat, so attention should be paid to timely prevention and control. The main pests of wheat in spring are red spider mites and red midges, and the main diseases are root rot and total rot.

Wheat spider mites can be controlled with Puke aqueous solution or abamectin spray. For the first time control of wheat red midge, it is usually from April 20 to 30 in the eastern Hebei region. Use 2 to 3 kilograms of chlorpyrifos per mu mixed with 20 to 30 kilograms of fine fluvoid soil, and spread it evenly on the wheat field. If the moisture is insufficient, water it; Secondly, during the heading and flowering stage of wheat, use water spray with kasalin and deltamethrin to control wheat red midge adults and also control wheat aphids.

Root rot and total erosion can be controlled by root irrigation with 500-800 times of 20 triadimefon.

Weeds in wheat fields. During the rising stage of wheat, when weeds have 2 to 3 leaves, choose a sunny and windless weather for chemical weeding. When removing, the dosage should be strictly controlled to avoid phytotoxicity.

Protection: timely defense against low temperature and freezing damage in spring. After the wheat turns green, pay attention to the weather forecast and pay close attention to weather changes. If a significant cooling is forecast in the near future, plant growth regulators such as Bihu or Tianda-2116, Yunda 120, Lvfeng 95 plus 0.2 potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution should be sprayed before the cold wave comes. Spray 3 grams of Bihu per mu with water and water it within 2 to 3 days before the cold wave comes, which can effectively prevent freezing damage in early spring. If low-temperature freeze damage occurs, remedial measures should be taken immediately, spraying plant growth regulators such as Bihu, Tianda-2116, Green Wind 95, applying about 10 kilograms of urea per mu, and cultivating to preserve moisture, increase ground temperature, and promote root systems. development, increase the number of tillers, make up for the loss of the main stem, repair damage, and alleviate frost damage.

How to manage well in the middle and late stages of wheat planting? One spray and three preventions?

The middle and late stages of wheat growth are critical periods for yield formation, and are also the peak periods for various diseases and insect pests. Do this well Field management during this period is crucial to ensuring a high wheat yield. In recent years, the "one spray and three prevention" technology has been widely used in the middle and late management of wheat. It refers to mixing insecticides, fungicides, micro-fertilizers, drought-resistant agents, etc. with water and spraying. It can simultaneously control wheat diseases and insect pests and prevent dry and hot winds. , to prevent and control lodging and increase grain weight, so as to increase production and income.

Wheat in our province will gradually enter the booting and heading stage from south to north. "One spray and three prevention" can be carried out, focusing on the prevention and control of scab, ear aphid and other diseases and insect pests.

Scab, also known as wheat ear blight. Wheat is susceptible to damage from rotten wheat heads and red wheat heads from the seedling stage to the heading stage. It mainly causes seedling blight, stem base rot, stalk rot and ear rot. The most serious damage is ear rot. To prevent and control wheat scab, the focus should be on using pesticides during the heading and flowering stages of wheat. During the first flowering period, spray carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, prochloraz and other chemicals, and spray Yongye Lifesin 500 times at the same time, and then control it again every 5-7 days.

Aphids should be controlled when there are 30-60 aphids per square meter in the seedling stage, and when the aphid plant rate reaches 15 or an average of about 10 aphids per plant in the booting stage. You can use imidacloprid, acetamiprid, carbofuran and other chemical sprays, and spray Yongye Lifesin 500 times at the same time.

Time for spraying and three-prevention:

Wheat booting and heading period: mid-to-late April to early May. At this time, the temperature is high and the humidity is high, which is the period of high incidence of pests and diseases. We should focus on prevention and control.

Wheat filling period: mid-to-late May, which is a critical period for yield formation. Spraying foliar fertilizers in conjunction with pest control can prevent hot and dry winds and increase grain weight.

The following points should be noted when using the "one spray, three prevention" technology:

1. The use of highly toxic and high-residue pesticides is strictly prohibited.

2. Select appropriate pesticides according to the occurrence characteristics and trends of pests and diseases, scientifically formulated and sprayed evenly.

3. When spraying wheat during the heading and flowering stages, avoid the flowering and pollination period.

4. Strictly abide by the safe operating procedures for pesticide use, take protective measures to prevent personnel poisoning, and do a good job in cleaning pesticide application equipment.

How to use Yongye Lifesin on wheat:

Seed dressing method: Use Yongye Lifesin 70-100 ml, add 1.5 kg of water, and mix 30 kg of seeds, then pile 2 hour, spread out to dry and sow. Dressing seeds with Yongye Life Vitamin can increase the germination rate of wheat, ensure uniform germination and strong buds, and improve the disease resistance of seeds.

Foliage spraying period and use effect: Spraying Yongye Life Vitamin 500 times during the jointing stage of wheat can prevent lodging and promote strong plant growth. Spraying 500 times of Yongye Lifesin during the booting stage can promote neat heading of wheat, enhance plant resistance to disease and lodging, make wheat plants grow robustly, and increase ear length. Spraying Yongye Lifesin 500 times liquid in the early stage of grain filling can enhance the plant's resistance to lodging and dry and hot wind, promote fullness of wheat grains, and increase the thousand-grain weight.

Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests during the sowing period of wheat

Controlling diseases and insect pests from the autumn sowing period to the seedling stage of wheat is an important technical content to ensure that the seedlings are full and strong. The wheat sowing period and seedling stage It is also a critical period for the prevention and control of many diseases, insect pests and weeds. Failure to control them in a timely manner often results in lack of seedlings, broken ridges or weak and diseased seedlings. In view of the characteristics of pests and diseases during the wheat sowing period, we must adhere to the plant protection policy of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control", and carry out comprehensive prevention and control according to local conditions.

1. Check the seeds well and choose disease-resistant varieties

Choose high-quality, high-yielding varieties with good comprehensive stress resistance. The varieties promoted in recent years include: Shixin 828, Shixin 733, Jimai 22, and water-saving varieties include Shimai 15, Shiyou 17, etc. The varieties selected must be healthy and disease-free seeds that have passed plant quarantine.

2. Agricultural measures

1. Select seeds. Before sowing, seeds should be sun-dried and selected to remove dead seeds, bad seeds, budding seeds, grass seeds, etc. to improve seed quality and reduce the spread of grass weeds.

2. Sow late at the appropriate time and plant reasonably densely.

The suitable sowing period in Zhao County is October 5-15, and the sowing amount is 20-25 catties. If sowing is done too early, diseases and insect pests will occur seriously. Therefore, the sowing date should not be too early.

3. Remove diseased remains and weeds in and around the field, destroy the habitats and overwintering places of bovine planthoppers, crickets, and pathogens, which can reduce the occurrence and harm of wheat bush dwarf disease.

3. Pre-sowing chemical treatment

1. Soil treatment For plots where wheat sheath blight and total rot soil-borne diseases occur more seriously, 50 grams of carbendazim 1 can be used 15 kg of triadimefon (triadimefon), 1 kg of 100 kg of water, pour into the soil with the water or spray on the surface, then plow and prepare the land, or use 50 carbendazim or 70 methyl thiophanate per acre, 2 kg of 100 kg of water, spray on the surface Or mix 50 kilograms of fine soil and spread it on the surface, then plow and prepare the land. For plots where underground pests such as wireworms, crickets, mole crickets, and grubs are seriously infested, use 2 kg of 2.5 methyl isosaphos granules or 40 phoxim emulsifiable concentrate per acre, mix it with 15-20 kg of fine soil, and spread it on the surface. , turned into the soil when plowing with fertilizer.

2. Chemical seed dressing:

Control grubs, wireworms, mole crickets, gray planthoppers and aphids, and prevent bush dwarf and yellow dwarf diseases. You can use Kefeng aphid-free seed dressing or use 70 grams of 70 imidacloprid wettable powder and 50 grams of 40 methyl isosulfate EC mixed with 1.5-2 kg of water, and evenly dress 20-25 kg of seeds (the amount of seeds in two acres of land), pile Stuff it for 3-4 hours, wait until it is absorbed and dried before sowing.

To prevent root rot, sheath blight and smut, you can use: (1) 6-tebuconazole suspended seed coating agent, perform seed dressing, pile up for 6 hours, dry and sow; (2) 2.5 Dress 100 kilograms of seeds with 100 ml of fludioxonil seed coating agent. Stir evenly and stuff them for 3-5 hours. Systemic fungicides such as carbendazim or thiophanate methyl can also be used for seed dressing.

For plots with severe wheat total erosion disease, 20--40ml of total erosion net per mu can be used to mix the seeds or 200ml of 12.5 total erosion net mixed with 5 kg of water, mixed with 100 kg of wheat seeds, and piled Stuff for 4-8 hours, dry and sow. Note: When mixing insecticides and fungicides for seed dressing, you can mix the insecticide first, pile it up to dry, and then mix the fungicide.

In areas where the above diseases and insect pests are mixed, use relevant fungicides and insecticides to mix seeds to achieve the effect of multiple preventions. However, please note: mix the insecticides first, then smother the seeds to dry. Mix fungicide; mix emulsion first, then mix powder after absorption and drying. Generally, the mixed seeds should not be kept for a long time and should be mixed and used as needed.