Historical Evolution of Handan City, Hebei Province

The name of "Handan" first appeared in the ancient version of Annals of Bamboo Books. The origin of the place names of Handan is generally based on the annotation of wei ren Zhang Yan in the Three Kingdoms period in the Geography of Han Dynasty: "Handan Mountain, under the eastern city, is single and exhausted, and the city walls follow the city, so a cloud is added." It means that the place name of Handan originated from Handan Mountain. Below the east of Handan, there is a mountain called Hanshan, which is the end of the mountain range. Hanshan stops here, hence the name Handan. Because the city wall comes from the city, adding a city (Lu) makes Handan. As a place name, Handan remains unchanged for three thousand years, which is a special case of China's place name culture.

According to legend, Nu Wa, the ancestor of ancient human beings, made earth, made man, refined stone and made heaven on Huangshan Mountain in ancient Handan. 10300 years ago, the ancestors of Cishan in the early Neolithic Age flourished here, opening a new era of agricultural civilization.

The city of Handan originated from Shang Yin. In the early Shang Dynasty, its capital was Xing (now Xingtai), and then moved to Yin (now Anyang), with Handan as the auxiliary place. It is recorded in the ancient edition of Annals of Bamboo Books that a "farewell hall" was built in Handan in the last years of Yin Shang Dynasty. Among them, Handan appeared in the Yin Dynasty at the latest, which proves that the ancient city of Handan has a history of more than 365,438+000 years.

The territory of Handan belonged to Wei State in the Western Zhou Dynasty and Jin State in the Spring and Autumn Period. At that time, Handan was already a famous city with well-known agriculture and handicrafts and developed commerce. In the 12th year of Jin Dinggong (500 BC), Zhao Yang (Zhao Jianzi), an official of Jin State, brought Handan into his sphere of influence. Since then, Handan has become Zhao's hereditary territory. During the Warring States Period, the capital of Zhao Yuannian (386 BC) was moved to Handan, and the capital was moved from Zhongmou (now Hebi West, Henan Province) to Handan. Handan, as the capital of Zhao, experienced eight dynasties of princes, which lasted 158 years. King Wuling of Zhao, the British Emperor in particular, took the lead in reform and carried out the military reform of Khufu's riding and shooting. During the Warring States period, it was a rich country and one of the seven great powers, which made Zhao one of the countries that could compete with it.

In the 19th year of Qin Shihuang (228 BC), Qin Jun defeated Handan, and the prince of Zhao moved the capital to Qin. Handan belonged to the Qin Dynasty, and in the twenty-sixth year (22 1 BC), Qin destroyed Zhao. The following year, Qin Shihuang unified the six countries and divided the country into 36 counties, of which Handan was the capital. In the fourth year of Emperor Gaozu (203 BC), Zhang Er became the king of Zhao and established Zhao. The capital is located in Guo Xiang (Xingtai), which governs Changshan, Julu and Handan counties. Soon after, Liu Bang divided Zhao into three parts: Changshan County, Julu County and Handan County. In nine years, Liu Bang named his beloved son as the Prince of Zhao, administered Handan County (later renamed Zhao), rebuilt Handan Miyagi, and the resplendent Wenming Hall was built at this time. Until the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Handan City was also known as "the richest man in the world and a famous city in the world". In addition to the capital Chang 'an, Handan enjoys the reputation as one of the five major cities in China, together with Luoyang, Linzi, Chengdu and Wan (Nanyang, Henan). From the Warring States to the Eastern Han Dynasty, Handan flourished for 500 years.

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, powerful people rose up, and the separatist regime scuffled. Handan was killed, killed and began to decline. In the 18th year of Jian 'an (AD 2 13), Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty named Cao Cao Wang Wei, with its capital in Yecheng. Economically, open up wasteland for the people, build water conservancy, build the capital of Wei, and open the way. Dewey's architecture is world-famous, with the central axis as the symmetry rule, and there are three sets of bronze finches, golden phoenix and ice wells. Zuo Si's Du Wei Fu in the Western Jin Dynasty described the bustling scene of Yecheng at this time. The rise of Yecheng led to the southward movement of the political, economic, military and cultural centers north of the Yellow River. At this time, Handan became an ordinary county, belonging to Wei County. Handan belonged to Guangping County in the second year of Wei and Huang in the Three Kingdoms (AD 22 1 year), and it was changed to Wei County after the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In its place, Yecheng, the prosperous capital of Wei State, was the capital of the post-Zhao Dynasty, the Eastern Wei Dynasty and the Northern Qi Dynasty, which lasted for 364 years and had a far-reaching influence on later generations.

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Handan was subordinate to Mingzhou, Cizhou, Wu 'an County and Zizhou successively, and declined to become a small county. Yecheng, which was once prosperous, was also burned into ruins, and the city was destroyed and moved, and it never recovered. However, the name of East Handan (now Handan daming county) rose quietly in the Tang and Five Dynasties. In the fourth year of Wude in Tang Gaozu (AD 62 1), Daming, as the capital of Weizhou, has developed into a central city in a wider range north of the Yellow River. In 758 AD, Daming was built as Weibo Town, which was later called Daming House in Weizhou. In the Five Dynasties, Daming appointed Tian Xiongjun. In 923 AD, Li ascended the throne in Weizhou (present-day), known as the Emperor of the Later Tang Dynasty.

After the establishment of the Song Dynasty, Song Taizong divided the world into fifteen roads, and Handan County belonged to Cizhou, Hebei Road, and was named Hebei Road Governance Institute (the provincial capital). In the second year of Li Qing, Song Renzong (A.D. 1042), it was the capital of Beijing. The area from Daming to Guantao is the ancient battlefield where Song and Liao fought, and there have been magnificent historical living theatres. During the Jin Dynasty, Daming was once the capital of the vassal state of Daqi, and Liu Yu proclaimed himself here in A.D. 1 130. To the Yuan Dynasty, it was still managed by Daming Road, and it was still a prosperous town in the east of Handan.

In the first year of Hongwu in Ming Taizu (A.D. 1368), there were 13 provinces in China, and Handan County was subordinate to Guangping Prefecture in North Zhili. In the Qing Dynasty, it was called Zhili Province, and Handan County was still under the jurisdiction of Guangping Prefecture. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the political and economic center of Handan was in Guangping Fucheng (now Yongnian Old Town). At the beginning of the Republic of China, Guangping House was abolished, and Handan County belonged to Jinan Road in Zhili. 1928, Zhili province was changed to Hebei province and Handan county was directly under the jurisdiction.

During War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation, Handan was the center of Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong and Henan base areas. Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping led the Eighth Route Army129th Division to the Taihang Mountains, and established the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Liberated Area with Handan as the center, laying the foundation for Handan to be the central city of Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Border Region. 19451010.5, Handan city was liberated. Since then, this ancient city, which has experienced vicissitudes of life and three thousand years of ups and downs, has finally changed into a human world in the bleak autumn wind. After the liberation of Handan, Handan County was established as Handan City, directly under the government of Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Border Region (the government is located in Handan City). 1March, 949, Handan city was abolished and reduced to Handan town. In August of the same year, the People's Government of Hebei Province was established, and Handan District was established, and Handan Town was placed under the jurisdiction of Handan District of Hebei Province.

19491kloc-0/People's Republic of China (PRC) was established, and Handan town is still the official residence of Handan area. 1952 65438+On February 22nd, Handan Town was restored as Handan City. 1954 changed to provincial capital city. 1956 Fengfeng City was merged into Handan City. 1983 Handan county merged into Handan city. 1984 changed to provincial capital city. 1986 Wu' an County (later changed to Handan City) was placed under Handan City. 1July 1992, Handan was approved as a larger city. 1June, 1993, with the approval of the State Council, the Handan area was revoked, and the cities and counties under the jurisdiction of Handan area were placed under the jurisdiction of Handan City, which was called Handan City.