Summary of structural design experience of super high-rise residential buildings?

Compared with ordinary high-rise residential buildings, super-high-rise residential buildings have high height, strong identification and identifiability, and residents have a sense of dignity; The line of sight is unobstructed, the landscape vision is wide, the humidity at high places is low, the air quality is excellent, and the interference is small. Super high-rise residential buildings have high land utilization rate and can carry more houses.

1. Characteristics of super high-rise residential buildings

Super-high-rise residential buildings have huge volume and complex functions, and there are many problems such as safety, internal traffic and energy consumption. , the design requirements for architecture, structure, fire protection and equipment are higher. The utility rate is relatively low, and the investment in construction and maintenance is large. Without this design experience, it is easy to cause unnecessary waste.

2. China Construction International's experience in the "Happiness Lane" project of China Resources.

It consists of three 49-story super-high-rise residential buildings, with a total height of160m, a total construction area of106000m2, a clubhouse construction area of1000m2, an overhead floor area of1375.5m2 and 768 households.

A. Experience in super high-rise buildings

A fully optimized super high-rise residential building is a comprehensive collection of the high-tech level of human society and a comprehensive display of the crystallization of human scientific and technological wisdom!

A. the choice of plane form:

There should not be too many bulges, and the plane is neat, which is beneficial to use, structural layout and energy saving, and at the same time avoids the influence of high-altitude wind stack effect, effectively shortening the construction period.

B. close cooperation with the structure:

The vertical system and plane function of the structure are reasonably matched to reduce space waste and improve efficiency. The influence, avoidance and utilization of beams and columns are fully considered in apartment design.

C. Core tube design:

After the comparison of multiple schemes, the central layout is still adopted to reduce the pool. Vertical traffic is calculated and arranged according to four elevators and a scissors staircase.

D. Considering the structural floors, equipment and space usage of super high-rise residential buildings, the height is 3. 15m.

E. interior decoration with advanced materials.

F. Pay attention to fire protection design: Fire protection design is a whole composed of architecture, equipment and electrical specialties, and close cooperation and overall arrangement among the specialties are very important. These should be the basic ideas to ensure the safety of super high-rise buildings. The new code for fire protection design of high-rise civil buildings clearly stipulates that indoor sprinkler facilities are not needed, but the automatic fire alarm system is retained. At the same time, the sub-doors must be Class A fire doors, and the front room and air shaft are pressurized for air supply (both different from ordinary high-rise residential buildings). In addition, in graphic design, it is important to ensure the convenience of fire exits, reserve sufficient fire width and smooth fire climbing surface.

G. Pay attention to detail design: design flower ponds or wooden boards outside the floor-to-ceiling windows to reduce the fear of super-high-rise sight; Double-glazed facade is adopted to create the top living quality for the most upscale mansion. At the same time, this design can not only meet the requirements of shading and energy saving, but also adjust the airflow. The concave balcony can effectively avoid the influence of crosswind.

H. Considering the high maintenance cost of super high-rise buildings in the later period, the principle of giving priority to economy is: use high-quality and excellent materials to prolong the service life; Energy-saving materials, energy-saving processes and energy-saving equipment are widely used; Optimize the design of building location and orientation, and optimize the design of enclosure wall to achieve the effect of reducing energy consumption.

B. Experience of super-high-rise structures

1. Scheme optimization

Attach importance to structural conceptual design. In the initial stage of the architectural scheme, the structural engineer will work closely with the architect to determine the reasonable vertical component layout, so as to maximize the efficiency of each structural component and minimize the structural cost, which is particularly important for super-high-rise structures.

2. Detail optimization

A. Example of scheme optimization:

For super high-rise residential buildings, the conceptual design mainly focuses on the following points:

(1) beam tube system

(2) The wall layout should be as uniform as possible.

(3) Flange wall

(4) The walls should be aligned horizontally.

B. Example of detail optimization:

(1) Measures to improve the low housing acquisition rate in super-high-rise areas with small apartments; Large spacing high strength concrete.

(2) All external walls are made of concrete instead of brick walls to prevent water seepage.

(3) Optimization measures for conventional multi-storey houses: accurate load, reasonable structural section and fully tapping the potential of structural members.

C. Experience in water supply and drainage of super high-rise buildings

A. Architectural features

Ultra-high-rise building refers to a high-rise building with a building height exceeding 100m, which has the characteristics of high height, dense personnel, great fire risk, difficult evacuation, high pressure requirement of pipeline system and great fire fighting difficulty.

The high code clearly stipulates that the fire protection of super high-rise buildings is mainly based on self-help.

Indoor fire protection design should pay more attention to fire safety.

B. Water supply design system

According to different building properties, different water supply modes are set. For super-high-rise residential buildings, the water supply mode we generally adopt is: transfer water tank+frequency conversion water supply, so that the water quality is better.

C. Drainage system

Divided into rainwater system and sewage system, the drainage pipe of the tower should be mainly metal pipe or pressure water supply pipe, and considering energy dissipation measures, set up special ventilation riser for drainage. Because of the high vertical height of super high-rise buildings, the long vertical length of pipelines and the vertical deviation between horizontal pipelines and vertical pipelines, flexible joints must be adopted for pipeline connection. Drainage in the basement is generally solved by raising the sump and submersible sewage pump.

D. Fire protection system

Alternative 1. Temporary high pressure system

Advantages: the refuge floor occupies a small area, and the pressure of the pipe network system is small at ordinary times, so pressure relief should be considered when instantaneous overpressure occurs.

Disadvantages: complex system, high control requirements and large room area.

Option 2. Temporary high pressure system+atmospheric high pressure system

Advantages: the system is simple, the area of equipment room is small, the area of refuge floor is small, the high area can be coordinated by the basement pump, the safety is high, and the pressure change of pipe network is small.

Disadvantages: the system is always in a high pressure state, and the pressure reducing valve is used more.

E. Temporary high-pressure system

The fire hydrant system adopts temporary high pressure system, which is divided into three areas. The pool and pump house are located in the basement, in parallel partitions. Set water pump adapters in all areas of floors within the water supply capacity of fire engines.

At the top, it is considered to set up a high-level fire water tank and pressurization and voltage stabilization equipment to meet the requirements of water quantity and water pressure at the initial stage of fire.

F. Flow system

The above-ground buildings are fortified according to medium risk level I, and the underground garage is fortified according to medium risk level II. According to the system partition, the automatic sprinkler system is equipped with an alarm valve along with the fire hydrant system, and the working pressure of the pipeline does not exceed1.2 MPa; ; The technical floor shall be equipped with alarm valves. Water pump adapters shall be installed in all districts, and the water pump adapters of the self-spraying system outside the water supply pressure range of the fire truck shall be connected with the relay pump on the technical floor for water supply.

G. the difference between super-high-rise residential buildings and ordinary residential buildings

Because it can set an intermediate refuge layer, it can reduce the problem of overpressure in the pipe network. If there is no intermediate refuge layer, the domestic water supply will be directly supplied to the highest place by the pump, which will cause long-term overpressure of the pipe network. The selection of pressure-bearing capacity of pipes and fittings is very demanding, and the cost increases accordingly.

D. Experience of super high-rise air conditioning system

1. Design idea

"People-oriented, environmental protection, leading technology, energy saving and consumption reduction" design concept. Create a green, healthy, energy-saving and high-tech breathing building. Through proper system design and energy-saving measures, energy utilization efficiency can be improved. Provide comfortable indoor environment and good indoor air quality for the crowd. The comprehensive life cycle is the longest and the operating cost is the smallest.

2. Selection and design of air conditioning system

We suggest: choose the air conditioning scheme of multi-online heating recovery;

Although the cost of Jian 'an will increase slightly, it really embodies the healthy and green social concept. During the operation, users can get free domestic hot water while the air conditioner is cooling, which greatly reduces the user's use cost. Lay the foundation for green building evaluation or LEED green certification.

Variable refrigerant flow heat recovery multi-pipeline system

Advantages: simple control and low operation cost; No electromagnetic radiation; There is only one outdoor unit, so the facade effect of the building is easy to ensure. The air conditioner and refrigerator provide free sanitary hot water.

Disadvantages: high initial investment; Low air supply temperature, uneven indoor temperature field and poor comfort. Cost: 550 ~ 650 yuan/m2.

3. Correct setting of residential public oil fume exhaust pipeline

The main factors that affect the normal use of common oil fume exhausts in residential buildings, especially super-high-rise residential buildings, are: inappropriate location, unsatisfactory flue form, incorrect flue area and so on.

3. 1 Avoid oil fume flying into the shadow area of building power supply.

3.2 Select the correct smoke exhaust duct form.

After comparing various schemes, we chose a single air duct in the super-high-rise residence of China Resources, with an air duct area of 0.6 square meters.

In order to prevent oil fume from flowing backwards, an electric valve is installed at the place where every household is connected to the main flue, and the electric valve and the range hood are turned on and off at the same time.

4. Central mechanical ventilation system (indoor breathing system)

Continue to bring sufficient and high-quality fresh air to the house; Can effectively eliminate all kinds of indoor pollution gases; Prevent articles from becoming moldy; Conforming to the building energy-saving code; It has high reliability, low energy consumption and low noise. Cost: 30 ~ 35 yuan/m2.

suggestion

This project is designed according to the Green Building Evaluation Standard GB/T50378-2006 compiled by the American Green Building Association (USGBC) or LEED, which is a highlight of this project to reflect the high quality of this project.

E. Experience in electrical design of super high-rise buildings

Selection and design of electrical system

Residential transformers are set separately according to the tower and placed directly in the equipment room under the tower. Let the power load be in the center, which greatly saves the power loss caused by transmission.

Advantages: the loss caused by line transmission is greatly saved and the length of the cable is also saved.

Disadvantages: Every transformer needs to run, and it is not flexible enough due to the loss of the transformer itself when the occupancy rate is not high.

2. Selection of lighting lamps and light sources and application of intelligent lighting control system.

In public areas, lighting design should be carried out in strict accordance with the design requirements of decoration companies, and efficient lamps and light sources should be selected reasonably to change the previous concept that incandescent lamps and halogen lamps are not conducive to energy saving. Intelligent lighting control system is adopted in public areas such as garages and public walkways to reduce the confusion and waste caused by personnel management and improve the grade of the community.

Advantages: Reasonable selection of lamps, light sources and intelligent lighting control system can greatly save the actual operating costs and improve the quality of the community.

Disadvantages: The initial cost of intelligent lighting control system is slightly higher.

F. Experience in intelligent design of super high-rise buildings

Intelligent system plays a unique role in safety early warning and personnel evacuation. Compared with conventional buildings, the intelligent system design of super high-rise buildings is special. In the intelligent weak current system of super high-rise buildings, automatic fire alarm and linkage control, comprehensive security and broadcasting system are the most directly related parts to public safety.

The height characteristics of super high-rise buildings are the fundamental reason for the design characteristics of weak fire protection systems. Practically speaking, the fire extinguishing ability of motor fire trucks can't keep up with the development of super high-rise buildings. Therefore, the fire protection design of super high-rise buildings should be based on the construction of internal fire protection system, and under the banner of intelligence, efforts should be made to improve the automatic functions of fire detection, alarm and fighting, so as to nip the fire in the bud.

Super high-rise buildings should strictly implement general building accommodation. One embodiment of strict fire control of super high-rise buildings is that fire control measures are complete and the means are diverse and complementary. Besides the fire alarm system, the meaning of intelligence mainly refers to system linkage. Super-high-rise buildings are generally important buildings with great political and economic value. If the fire is not put out in time, the loss will be great. Therefore, adopting the system linkage mode has become an effective means to strive for the early time and initiative of the fire.

A, automatic fire alarm and linkage control system

(1) The design of fire alarm system for super high-rise buildings should start with improving the intelligence and reliability of the fire alarm system.

1 improves the intelligence of fire alarm system.

1) For the interior of the fire alarm system, super high-rise buildings generally adopt a fully intelligent fire alarm system. In view of the large volume and area of super high-rise buildings, the division of their use area is uncertain. Therefore, in order to adapt to the changes in the shape, area and use nature of the room, each alarm circuit should have about 30% detector quantity margin.

2) For the exterior of fire alarm system, the meaning of intelligence mainly refers to system linkage. Fire fighting system is a whole composed of buildings, equipment and electricity, and it is very important to cooperate closely and make overall arrangements among various professions. Adopting system linkage mode has become an effective means to win time and initiative in the early stage of fire.

Measures to improve the reliability of fire alarm system are:

A) adopt the alarm system of the control center;

B) The system has perfect self-checking function;

C) Redundancy of key components can be achieved by systems such as dual-host hot backup.

D) Ring bus is used for alarm circuit;

E) The detectors and modules are set in loops, and every 15~20 detectors are set with 1 short circuit isolation module.

When the fire alarm system is linked with the security monitoring system, at the beginning of the fire, the camera at the scene of the fire can quickly transmit the scene picture to the central control room. Through the real scene picture, the personnel on duty can immediately confirm whether it is a fire or a false alarm through the detector, so as to immediately take a series of emergency measures such as broadcasting, smoke exhaust, positive pressure air supply, starting the fire pump, spraying, giving an alarm to the fire station 1 19, descending the passenger elevator, switching the fire power supply, etc.

When the fire alarm system is linked with the garage management system, once a fire is found, an audible and visual alarm can be issued to forcibly lift the railings at the entrance and exit, so that vehicles can escape from the garage as soon as possible. In addition, the fire alarm system can also be linked with building control, broadcast audio and access control system. As long as these measures are reliable and effective, we can nip the fire in the bud and minimize the loss.

2 improve the reliability of linkage control system

Measures to improve the reliability of linkage control system are:

1) For important fire fighting and smoke prevention facilities, multi-point linkage and manual control methods should be considered to increase the reliable operation of controlled equipment. Try to use multi-wire manual control cabinet, and deal with interface problems;

2) Reasonably design the direction, laying mode and location of various pipelines, take necessary fire prevention measures to avoid heat sources that may damage the lines, and ensure that the fire-fighting electrical lines are in a safe environment;

3) Coordinate with the architectural profession to reasonably determine the location of the fire control center, make it as close as possible to the weak current pipeline well, and make the fire electrical pipeline flow into the weak current pipeline well in the shortest distance;

Second, the broadcasting system (early warning voice evacuation system)

The emergency broadcast system can inform people in the burning building in time where the fire happened and from which direction they should evacuate. However, the common emergency broadcast system has some shortcomings, such as single information, inability to broadcast different contents to different regions at the same time, and low intelligence. A more intelligent early warning voice evacuation system for super high-rise buildings came into being. This system is very important for super high-rise buildings.

Third, the security technology prevention system

3. 1 garage entrance security system

3.2 Personnel safety inspection and visitor management system

3.3 Settings of security terminal equipment in special places

1) Important computer rooms such as high-voltage and weak-current shafts, rooms for all kinds of fire-related equipment, rooms for direct drinking water and boiling water, rooms for fresh air, rooms for domestic water, rooms for fans, rooms for air supply and air conditioning in atrium, power distribution room, generator room, boiler room, etc. are provided with access control.

2) The bathroom is the blind spot of video surveillance and the weak link of security. It is suggested to install a camera in the corridor outside the bathroom and an alarm button and microphone in the bathroom.

3) The parking lot is an area with frequent safety accidents, so the management of the parking lot should be strengthened, not only to monitor the lanes, but also to monitor the parking spaces.

4) Set a camera and microphone on the evacuation stairs to observe the evacuation flow and obtain the site situation in case of emergency.

3.4 Strengthen the safety of the fire control room

The design of intelligent system for super high-rise buildings should not only consider the complex functional requirements of buildings and owners, but also make it reliable, advanced and extensible. We should also stand at the height of urban safety, fully consider the threats that super high-rise buildings may face from all sides, and provide effective solutions.

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