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How to write the activity process of garbage classification
1. Introduction to the activity
The classification and collection of urban domestic waste is a very important step in implementing waste reduction, resource utilization and harmlessness. It is important for improving people's environment and realizing The sustainable development of cities and the creation of a conservation-oriented society are of great significance. The classification and collection of urban domestic waste is not only related to the civilization and image of the city, but also the most basic work in the construction of the urban ecological environment. It is also a cause that benefits the country and the people.
This activity is mainly to let students know the meaning and standards of garbage classification through discussion, exploration, design, etc., and understand what recyclable garbage, domestic garbage and hazardous waste include, so as to guide students to pay attention to Environmental protection, pay attention to saving resources.
2. Activity objectives
(1) Knowledge and skills
1. Know the meaning and standards of garbage classification, understand recyclable garbage, domestic garbage and harmful What does garbage include?
2. In future life, you can sort out various types of garbage.
(2) Process and Methods
1. By raising questions and setting up competitions, we guide students to discuss, design plans, and express, cultivate the ability to explore problems, and further cultivate the quality of scientific thinking. .
2. Cultivate students' ability to analyze problems, solve problems and innovate.
(3) Emotional attitudes and values
1. Cultivate students’ spirit of inquiry.
2. Establish environmental awareness
3. Key points and difficulties
Focus: Let students understand what kind of garbage is in life, know the meaning and standards of garbage classification, and understand recyclable garbage, domestic garbage and hazardous garbage What are included.
Difficulty: Let students design a garbage classification plan.
IV. Activity preparation
1. Organization preparation:
3 people in a group, ***divided into 4 groups
One person works The team leader is mainly responsible for reporting on the podium; one person is mainly responsible for designing the plan;
One person is responsible for recording the activities, filling out the "Activity Report", and controlling time.
2. Equipment preparation:
A whiteboard, "Garbage Classification" activity report (one for each group), pen,
"Garbage Classification" PPT Courseware, multimedia equipment
V. Activity process
(1) Introduction to the activity
1. Introduction to the activity format
Children are welcome to participate Activity! This activity takes the form of a group competition, allowing children to understand the meaning and standards of garbage classification through discussion, games, exploration, design, sharing, etc., thereby establishing environmental awareness.
Give two minutes to prepare: ask the children to divide into four groups, name the groups, and prepare for the talent show. After two minutes of answering, the group sent a representative to the podium to report their group name and write it on the whiteboard.
Scoring rules (1) Points will be scored in reverse order: the first group to go on stage to report their group name will be awarded 4 points, the second group to be on the podium to report their group name will be awarded 3 points, and the third group will be awarded 3 points. The person who goes up to the podium to report their group name will be awarded 2 points, and the fourth team member to go up to the podium to report their group name will be awarded 1 point.
(2) Teams with talent performances will receive 1 point.
2. Introduction to the theme of the activity
A brief introduction to the significance of garbage classification:
The classification and collection of urban domestic waste is to implement garbage reduction, resource utilization, and waste reduction. It is a very important step in reducing environmental pollution and is of great significance for improving people's environment, achieving sustainable development of cities and creating a conservation-oriented society.
(2) Activity development
1. Understand garbage
(1) Discussion
First, ask the children to talk about what garbage they have in life Rubbish? Please give an example and draw a diagram on the whiteboard.
(For example: beer bottles, cans, waste batteries, plastic mineral water bottles, waste paper, cigarette butts, etc., these are easy to draw diagrams.)
Scoring Rules Raise hands to speak 1 point will be added to the group, and 1 point will be added to those who can draw the schematic diagram. If there is any particularly outstanding performance, 1-2 points will be added as appropriate.
(2) Game
Every group just said a kind of garbage. Are there any more? Let’s start a little game: take turns talking trash. Please send one representative from each group to participate. The group members who stay in their seats are asked to take notes. They can add some rubbish names themselves and decide which group writes more.
Scoring rules: Four team representatives line up in order, and each representative takes turns to name an item of garbage, (for example: peels, turnips, waste paper...) No repetitions, no mistakes, and yes Those who say something repeatedly or incorrectly will have to leave. If you can't think of an answer at the moment and the pause is too long, the other children can count down for ten seconds. If they still can't come up with the answer, they have to leave. Points will be scored in order of exit: the first team to exit will score 1 point, and so on, and the last team to exit will score 4 points.
As for the rubbish names recorded by the group members who stayed in their seats, points will be scored according to the number of names written: the one who wrote the most will get 4 points, and so on, the one who wrote the least will get 1 point.
The group members who remain in their seats are required to listen carefully to the representatives’ answers to see if there are any repetitions or errors, and to count down when they pause. Parent audiences are welcome to participate.
2. Explore methods of garbage classification
(1) Discussion and design
It turns out that so many things in life are regarded as garbage, and what follows is There are more problems. For example, if a classmate has a finished bottle of wine lying around at home, he or she will just throw it into the trash. Coke, 7-up and other cans were thrown into the garbage together after they were finished. Some students even threw them on the roadside. Some students throw away waste paper and don't even save paper. Many little things in life can lead to waste if you don’t pay attention! In fact, there is a lot of seemingly useless garbage that can be reused. In this way we should classify the garbage. Next, each group is asked to discuss and design a garbage classification method. You can imagine: How many trash cans should be installed at home or school? What kind of garbage does each trash can contain? Can I give each trash can a name?
The discussion and design time is 5 minutes. Please write down the method of garbage classification in the "Activity Report".
(2) Sharing and communication
Ask representatives from each group to take turns to come to the podium to report on their group’s garbage classification methods, mainly talking about how you classify garbage and why you classify it this way.
Other groups can raise questions to the reporting group for discussion.
Summary of the displayed courseware: According to the nature of garbage, the common garbage classification standard at home and abroad is to divide garbage into three categories:
"Recyclable garbage" is also called dry garbage, including plastic products , iron products, wood products, paper, etc.
"Domestic garbage" is also known as wet garbage, including peels, cores, vegetable leaves, leftovers, etc.
"Hazardous waste" includes used batteries, expired medicines, broken thermometers and fluorescent lamps.
The scoring rules evaluate the garbage classification methods made by each group and award 4, 3, 2, or 1 points as appropriate. The classification standards are: divided into three categories: recyclable waste, domestic waste, and hazardous waste. The one that is the same or closest to it will be rated 4 points, and the rest can be rated the same depending on the situation.
Live examples: Group A: divided into four categories: recyclable, non-recyclable, hazardous and non-hazardous waste. Rated 4 points.
Group B: divided into five categories: mineral water bottles, cans, waste paper, waste batteries, and peels. Rated 3 points.
Group C: divided into five categories: waste paper, peels and other items that cannot be reused, used electrical appliances, beer bottles and cans, and old batteries. Rated 3 points.
Group D: divided into two categories: recyclable (plastic bottles, waste paper, etc.) and non-recyclable (peel, waste batteries, etc.). Rated 2 points.
It shows that Groups A, B, and C can separate the old batteries for independent collection and processing, so the score is slightly higher. For questions and exchanges between groups, if there is any outstanding performance, 1-2 points can be added as appropriate.
(3) Consolidation and Sublimation: Discuss the benefits of garbage classification
Ask the children to talk about the benefits of classifying garbage collection and processing? (Convenient for recycling, etc.) What are the uses of beer bottles, cans, waste paper, etc. after recycling? What are the hazards or hidden dangers of waste batteries, expired medicines, broken thermometers and fluorescent lamps? How to deal with waste batteries specially? How to recycle used batteries?
Explain the above issues and let the children talk about them as much as possible. Raise your hands to speak. One point will be added at a time. If the children cannot explain it, you can introduce it through the courseware.
3. Design a publicity and implementation plan for garbage classification and treatment in a certain area
Finally, ask the children to use a certain area as an example to design a publicity and implementation plan for garbage classification and treatment to end this activity. Preparation time 5 minutes. Excellent plans will be selected by voting.
Tip: Taking a certain area as a location, (for example: home, campus, community, etc.) how will you carry out environmental protection propaganda on garbage classification to people? How many types of trash cans will you set up? That is to design a plan for garbage classification. How would you explain the purpose of these bins? How will the garbage collected after classification be disposed of?
With similar thoughts and discussions on garbage classification and environmental protection issues, write down the design plan in the "Activity Report".
The scoring rules allow each group to send representatives to the podium to report their group’s design plan. After all four groups have reported, all children participating in the activity and parents who are the audience are asked to vote to select the outstanding plan. The votes are counted, and the team with the highest number of votes is given a score of 4 points, and so on, the group with the fewest votes is given a score of 1 point.
(3) Summary of the activity
In this activity, the children learned about the standards and significance of garbage classification. Experienced the process of exploring problems and designing solutions. Developed the ability to cooperate and compete. Grading is not important, but learning knowledge, improving abilities, and establishing friendships during activities are important.
The total scores of each group will be counted. The highest score will be awarded as the winner, and the lowest score will be awarded as the most perseverance award. The two groups with scores in the middle will be awarded the most creative award and the most perseverance award respectively, depending on the situation. Cuteness Award.
[Reprint] Garbage sorting activity plan [Reprint] Garbage sorting activity plan
6. Continuation of the activity
1. Children pick up garbage at home or on campus , remember to put them in categories and strive to be a "little environmental protection guardian".
2. Collect information about garbage disposal and classification.
3. Count the household waste generated every day, classify and weigh it.
4. Carry out social surveys and send out questionnaires to understand people’s environmental awareness of garbage classification in schools or communities.
5. In groups, combined with the surveys of students and relevant information collected, carry out a publicity activity on garbage classification in schools or communities, so that more people can understand the significance of garbage classification and actively cooperate Environmental protection actions for waste sorting.
7. Notes
1. During the activity, be sure to explain clearly the requirements, rules, etc. of each activity link.
2. Pay attention to strengthening interaction during activities and involving more children. There are almost no fixed standard answers to environmental issues, so pay attention to children’s answers, discover the bright spots in time, and give affirmation and encouragement.
3. At the end of the activity, pay attention to guide the children to implement the environmental awareness of garbage classification into small things in life.
8. Background information
1. Garbage classification standards:
"Recyclable garbage" is also called dry garbage, including plastic products, iron products, and wooden products , paper, etc.
"Domestic garbage" is also known as wet garbage, including peels, cores, vegetable leaves, leftovers, etc.
"Hazardous waste" includes used batteries, expired medicines, broken thermometers and fluorescent lamps.
2. Benefits of garbage classification: (Benefits of garbage recycling and reuse)
Wine bottles are made by heating at high temperatures. Reusing the collected wine bottles can also save money. There are a lot of coal resources!
Cans are made of aluminum. After melting cans, they can be made into aluminum pots, aluminum parts, aluminum alloy doors and windows, etc.
Waste paper is common in our lives. It can be made into recycled paper and save wood.
3. Waste batteries contain many important chemical substances such as copper, zinc, manganese dioxide, ammonium chloride, etc. If they can be processed well, many useful substances can be obtained from them.
(1) Hazards of batteries
Most batteries contain mercury. When they are discarded on the surface of the earth, the multi-layer metal will oxidize and rust. Mercury will slowly overflow from the battery, enter the soil or seep into groundwater, and then enter the human body through crops or drinking water, damaging human kidneys. Here, mercury can also be converted into inorganic mercury. Inorganic mercury is converted into methylmercury under the action of microorganisms and accumulates in the body of fish. After people eat this fish, methylmercury will cause harm to human brain cells, causing People's nerves are severely damaged, and in severe cases, they may even go crazy and die. The sensational Minamata disease incident in Japan was caused by methylmercury. A No. 1 battery is rotten in the ground, and the mercury it spills is enough to permanently lose the agricultural value of one square meter of soil.
According to expert determination, one AA battery can pollute 600,000 cubic meters of water.
(2) Battery recycling
The significance of recycling: Battery recycling can reduce environmental pollution and the incidence of certain diseases, while also saving energy and achieving sustainable development. .
To solve the problem of battery pollution, humans are currently facing difficulties both in terms of finance and technology. Therefore, we can only reduce the harm caused by batteries to the environment. What needs to be done is to recycle used batteries.
Battery recycling can take the form of setting up recycling bins on the streets, or establishing waste battery recycling stations in various parts of society, such as setting up waste battery recycling points in supermarkets, shops and other places in big cities. At the same time, we must also strengthen people's understanding of the hazards of batteries and form the concept and awareness of consciously collecting and handing in used batteries. It is reported that even in big cities like Shanghai and Beijing, the recycling rate of used batteries is only 1%. Of course, it is also possible that citizens in many big cities have understood and recognized the dangers of batteries, but most people still throw away used batteries for the sake of convenience with the idea that "it doesn't matter if I only throw one away anyway". In a survey on "How to Dispose of Used Batteries" among 30 citizens in Shanghai, 31% of the citizens threw them away, 68% threw them into the trash can, and only 1% handed in special used batteries. Recycle bin. There are also many people who have the awareness to hand in used batteries, but do not know where to hand them in. This means that we need to form a dedicated waste battery recycling organization.
Therefore, the following initiatives are proposed:
1. Establish a special waste battery recycling department in the name of the government to vigorously prevent batteries from polluting the environment; collect waste batteries and process them uniformly to reduce harm to the environment.
2. Centering on the administrative system of each unit (such as agencies, troops, schools, factories, restaurants, hotels, etc.), establish a waste battery recycling network, and urge every member and resident of each unit to actively participate in recycling waste batteries. The network leader ( The administrative unit shall select one or more people) to recycle the used batteries in the unit or jurisdiction and send them to the responsible department for the collection and reuse of used batteries.
3. Instruct all mass organizations (trade unions, youth leagues, student unions, women's federations, etc.) to call on their members to actively participate in the recycling of used batteries, and incorporate waste battery recycling activities into the regular content of their respective organizations.
4. Relevant units (market management departments) organize vendors in various small commodity markets (especially commodity markets with concentrated migrant populations) to carry out recycling activities of used batteries, and regard it as an important task of the market management department.
5. In rural towns, especially village committees, they are responsible for recycling waste batteries in rural areas (there are not many batteries used in rural areas, and discarding used batteries on the ground has a direct impact on rural water sources, and many rural areas still drink well water).
6. Establish a special reward and punishment system for the recycling of used batteries. Those who do well will be rewarded, and those who do not will be severely punished. How should we deal with recycled batteries?
(3) Reuse of used batteries
Any kind of battery consists of four basic components. The four basic components refer to two groups of electrolytes, electrodes, separators and casings made of different materials. Dry batteries and rechargeable batteries are composed of zinc sheets (iron sheets), carbon rods, mercury, sulfate compounds, copper caps, etc.; batteries are mainly composed of lead compounds.
my country is the world's largest producer and consumer of dry batteries. Statistics show that in 1980, my country's dry battery production surpassed the United States and ranked first in the world; in 1998, my country's dry battery production reached 14 billion; in the same year, the world's dry battery production The total output of dry batteries is approximately 30 billion. Discarding dry batteries at will not only pollutes the environment, but also wastes resources.
Based on the annual production of 10 billion dry batteries, 156,000 tons of zinc, 22.6 tons of manganese dioxide, 2,080 tons of copper, 27,000 tons of zinc chloride, 79,000 tons of ammonium chloride and 43,000 tons of carbon rods. Therefore, it is imperative to implement the recycling of used dry batteries to benefit the country and the people.
Currently, there are four main methods for processing waste batteries in China, namely manual sorting, dry method, wet method and dry-wet method. The manual sorting and recycling method is to first classify the recycled waste dry batteries,
manually sort out the carbon rods, copper, caps, zinc sheets and various residues, and classify them using corresponding methods This method is simple and easy to handle, but it uses a lot of labor and has poor economic benefits.
The so-called dry method, also called smoke method or fire method, is to classify and screen used dry batteries. After crushing them, they are roasted in a roaster at 600-800 degrees. The discharged gas is condensed to extract the mercury, and then the roasted residue is Put it into the rotary kiln and burn it at low temperature between 1
100-1300 degrees. Zinc oxide is recovered from the flue gas, and manganese and iron are recovered from the residue. Using this method, general smelters can recycle zinc from dry batteries without adding equipment and labor. If other materials need to be further recycled, additional equipment will be required. The so-called wet method is to classify and crush the dry batteries, place them in a leaching tank, add dilute sulfuric acid for leaching, and then filter them to extract metallic zinc from the filtrate. After the copper cap and iron sheet are separated from the filter residue, further processing is carried out from the remaining filter residue. Extract manganese. The dry and wet method combines the advantages of dry and wet methods. First, the remaining zinc is recovered by roasting, and then the manganese and remaining zinc are recovered by leaching and electrowinning. Using this method, the recycling effect is better, but the process is complicated and the cost is higher.
The usual foreign method is to use wet method, but it has one more process than the domestic treatment method. That is to say, not only acid leaching and electroplating are used to extract iron, cadmium, etc., but also alkali neutralization is used. To precipitate zinc, nickel, etc. In addition, the Japan Secondary Raw Materials Research Institute adopts the methods of screening, magnetic separation, chlorination, re-screening and three times of smelting to deal with waste batteries. In contrast, foreign treatment methods have more procedures, are more detailed, and are more complex, and are only more economical on a larger scale. Only by continuously expanding the scale and making full use of economies of scale to reduce costs and significantly improving the technical level can my country's waste battery processing manufacturers take into account environmental, social and economic benefits and promote the effective recycling and utilization of used dry batteries.
There are four main methods for processing waste batteries: sorting method, dry method, wet method, and dry-wet method. Of course the landfill method is the simplest. Although they can all deal with waste batteries, they also bring some pollution. Can we reduce waste battery pollution at the source of production? The answer is yes.
(4) The future of batteries
In future battery production, we can try to produce batteries with less pollution and a high degree of reuse. For example: combustion batteries, the water generated by the internal reaction is non-polluting, and can be electrolyzed into hydrogen and oxygen again, and burned again to generate heat and provide power; mercury-free batteries, because most of the current batteries contain mercury, if they are produced without Mercury batteries can not only reduce the complicated work of recycling mercury from used batteries, but also reduce the harm of batteries to soil and water sources; the production of rechargeable batteries eliminates the need to continuously produce batteries to provide energy, and can instead use other forms of It can be converted into electrical energy and stored in the battery. When used, the electrical energy is released; solar cells, because solar energy is an inexhaustible, inexhaustible, and non-polluting energy source, so this kind of battery can reduce energy consumption. consumption and reduce air pollution. All in all, our future battery production will be developed in the direction of energy saving, environmental protection, and high reuse.
Some ideas:
1. Burying the processed waste in the desert may be the best option as the desert area continues to expand.
2. The waste residue will be treated harmlessly and then used to build roads, foundations, etc.
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