Where is the origin of cotton and its distribution in the world?

Cotton is one of the main crops in the world, with large output and low production cost, which makes cotton products cheaper and can be made into fabrics of various specifications. China is the largest cotton producer in the world, so do you know what cotton producing areas are there in China? The following small series will introduce you to the distribution of cotton producing areas in the world.

Distribution of cotton producing areas in the world

United States of America

1. Cotton in SJVACALA, California: This is "Akara" cotton planted in SJV Valley, California. The climate in this area is good, the proportion of high-grade cotton is large, and the quality of cotton is expensive in the same grade. The average length is above 1- 1/8, the strength is not less than 30GpT, the fineness is 4.2, and the uniformity is higher than 82%.

2. Sjvupland: non-"Akara" cotton planted in SJV Canyon area. Sjvupland is a transgenic cotton of SJV. Its quality is lower than that of SJVACALA and its price is higher than that of other regions, but it also belongs to SJV cotton. At present, the total output of this cotton accounts for 10% of the total output of SJV.

3.C/A cotton: California/Arizona cotton, C/A cotton, the quality is acceptable, the price ranks third, the average length is higher than 1-3/32, and the strength is 26-29GpT. In 2003, the length increased, generally reaching 1- 1/8.

4. Memphis Cotton/East Cotton: The price of Memphis Cotton/East Cotton ranks fourth, accounting for 49% of the total output of the United States. The average length is higher than1-116, and the quality is average, and some central and southern producing areas export.

5. "MOT" cotton: mainly refers to cotton produced in Texas/Texas/Oklahoma. "MOT" cotton has the same price, short length and thick fiber, which is suitable for air spinning.

6. Pima cotton: American long-staple cotton, planted in Texas, Arizona, New Mexico and California, almost all of which are exported, with an annual output of about 6.5438+0.5 million tons.

The length of grade fiber of Bima cotton is 46/32 inches, and the strength of grade fiber is 40GpT, which can be used for ring spinning to produce cotton yarn with a count of 60 inches or more.

7.pBI is a classified data link of USDA, which can identify the data of each cotton bale and is the symbol of the United States.

8.NDB is a system that stores all cotton grading data of USDA (National Cotton Database).

India

India is located in the South Asian subcontinent, surrounded by the sea on three sides, and most areas belong to the monsoon savanna climate.

There is plenty of light and heat, abundant rainfall, and a wide range of areas suitable for growing cotton, covering the whole Indian Peninsula.

At present, it is one of the largest cotton producing countries in the world.

Indian cotton grows almost entirely by natural rainfall, so cotton yield is greatly influenced by variety, soil, rainfall and climate change.

The sowing time in central and southern cotton areas depends on the beginning of rainy season.

There is frost in the late cotton region in the north, and the sowing time is relatively stable. The northern cotton belt is dominated by conventional varieties, with few hybrid cotton (below 5%).

Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan is a cotton producer and exporter in Central Asia.

Agriculture in Uzbekistan is mainly cotton planting, which is an important cotton production base in the former Soviet Union.

Cotton planting is a chemical department of agriculture. At present, the annual output of seed cotton is about 4 million tons, and the output of processed lint is nearly 6.5438+0.2 million tons, ranking sixth in the world. The export volume of lint cotton ranks second in the world, second only to the United States. 85% of Uzbekistan's cotton is exported, with an annual export volume of nearly 6,543,800 tons.

Uzbekistan's cotton is exported by MFERIT's trading company.

There are 22 cotton provinces and cities in China, and there are 7 cotton fields with an area of over 400,000 hectares (Xinjiang, Henan, Jiangsu, Hubei, Shandong, Hebei and Anhui). There are four (Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan and Shanxi) with an area of 6,543,800 hectares. Other provinces and cities only cultivate sporadically.

Three major cotton-producing areas in China

Regionally, there are three major cotton-producing areas, namely, Xinjiang cotton area, Yellow River basin and Yangtze River basin.

1, Xinjiang cotton region

Mainly including Xinjiang and Gansu, China mainly uses Xinjiang cotton.

Xinjiang cotton production accounts for about 50% of China cotton production.

This area has abundant sunshine, arid climate and scarce precipitation, and belongs to irrigated cotton area. The farming system is one crop a year, with concentrated cotton fields, large planting scale and high degree of mechanization; The yield per unit area is high, the color of raw cotton is good, and the content of "three silk" is low compared with other cotton areas.

Xinjiang cotton region mainly includes southern Xinjiang and northern Xinjiang.

In the past, there was a problem with the sugar content of cotton in Xinjiang, but now with the improvement of varieties, the sugar content is less.

However, the strength of cotton fiber in Xinjiang is lower than that in the cotton areas in the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins, mainly due to the low moisture regain.

The quality of Xinjiang long-staple cotton is better than American Pima cotton, second only to Egypt Jiza 88, and better than other grades in Egypt.

(1) South Xinjiang (bounded by Tianshan Mountain): The light time is long, the temperature in South Xinjiang is higher than that in North Xinjiang, and the planting time and picking time are good.

It is characterized by good whiteness, good length, good consistency, good micronaire value, mainly A-B2 grade, good fineness, spinning more than 40 pieces, superior processing quality to mainland China and low moisture regain (standard is 8.5%). Due to the high temperature, the moisture regain of cotton can reach about 6-7%, and cotton is above grade 3, which is better than that of northern Xinjiang.

(2) Northern Xinjiang: The illumination time is shorter than that of southern Xinjiang, and it is rainy and watery. The micronaire value, strength, gloss and whiteness are lower than those of southern Xinjiang, and it is mainly of the third grade, with high moisture content, so it can spin 40s-60s yarn.

2. Yellow River Basin

At present, the cotton planting area in the Yellow River Basin is a large-scale cotton planting area, including Hebei Province (except the north of the Great Wall), Shandong Province, Henan Province (excluding Nanyang and Xinyang), southern Shanxi, Guanzhong, Longnan, Jiangsu and Anhui Provinces, and the suburbs of Beijing and Tianjin.

The cotton region in the Yellow River Basin has abundant sunshine, good heat conditions, moderate soil fertility and moderate annual precipitation. In normal years, the fiber quality is better.

However, due to improper configuration of intercropping and interplanting in some areas, the damage degree of pests and diseases is different, and the fiber quality is unstable due to rainy and low temperature in some years.

Shandong and Hebei cotton are similar, with good color, good luster, long fiber, low short fiber rate, good strength, one grade higher than Hubei, low micronaire value, and can spin 40 yarns, but more than three.

Except Nanyang and Xinyang, Henan belongs to interplanting planting, with short production cycle, low cotton strength, high fineness, inferior color to Shandong and Hebei, high serrated short fiber and spinning for 40 s.

There is no intercropping between Nanyang and Xinyang, and the quality of cotton is similar to that of Hubei.

3. Yangtze River Basin

The cotton region in the Yangtze River basin is located in the humid area of the middle subtropical zone, and the commercial cotton production is mainly concentrated in the coastal and riverside cotton regions of Jiangsu, the Yangtze River estuary of Shanghai, the Qiantang River estuary of Zhejiang, the Yangtze River cotton region of Anhui, the Poyang Lake cotton region of Jiangxi, the Dongting Lake cotton region of Hunan, the Jianghan Plain cotton region of Hubei, the Nanxiang Basin cotton region across Henan and Hubei, and the Sichuan Basin cotton region.

Among them, Hunan and Hubei have relatively large cotton production.

Its cotton is characterized by good maturity, high micronaire value and thick fiber. More than 80% cotton has a micronaire value of more than 4, less three yarns, lower short fiber rate than Henan, and the color is gray. It can spin 2 1 and 32 yarns.

This paper introduces the origin of cotton and the distribution of major cotton producing areas in the world. Cotton is different from grain, tobacco or sucrose, and its per capita consumption can increase infinitely with the rise of consumer culture, which is theoretically infinite.