Chibi resources

Chibi city has abundant rainfall, numerous lakes, criss-crossing rivers and harbors, widely distributed artesian springs and abundant water-rich lakes.

Surface water: the annual average rainfall in chibi city is 1.604 mm, including 1.608.9 mm in mountainous area, 1.526.2 mm in hilly area and 1.295.2 mm in plain lake area, with rainfall increasing from northwest to southeast.

Annual runoff 16 1 m3 in wet season,12.62 million m3 in normal season and 897 million m3 in dry season. Special drought year 5140,000 cubic meters. The average annual runoff is 65.438+0.334 billion cubic meters, including 65.438+0.28 billion cubic meters in mountainous areas, 848 million cubic meters in hilly areas and 358 million cubic meters in plain lakeside areas. There are four major passenger crossings in chibi city, with an average annual runoff of 640 billion cubic meters at the Yangtze River crossing, 540 million cubic meters at the Huanggai water system, 2.53 billion cubic meters at the land water system and 267 million cubic meters at the Xiliang water system, totaling 643.337 billion cubic meters.

Groundwater: chibi city is rich in groundwater, with 90 artesian springs with a total flow of 5.7 m3/s, and the average water output of Quan Shan is 229 m3/h, with an average daily water output of 260,000 cubic meters in high and low seasons and an annual water output of 94.9 million cubic meters. Because long-term groundwater overflow is harmful to crops. There are 5 soil types in chibi city, 1 1 subclass, 32 soil genera and 56 soil species. The distribution of soil types is roughly as follows: red loam, which is distributed in the first line of the railway and in Xindian, Hongshan, Chebu, Huanglong, Yang Jialing, Songjiahe, Shenshan, covered bridge, Quankou and other towns. Tidal soil, distributed in lakeside plain area. Limestone soil, distributed in the mountainous area south of the railway. Purple soil, scattered in sandy shale areas, such as outcrops along the Wang Jiabao Railway. Paddy soil, paddy fields in the city have paddy soil.

Red soil: chibi city is located in the subtropical zone, with high temperature, rainy and lush plants, which is a good environment for the formation of red soil. Due to the high temperature and rainy weather, a large number of alkaline substances are lost, and inactive chemical elements such as iron and manganese often move in the state of hydrated oxygen. When moving, it becomes red iron oxide and brown manganese oxide due to drought and dehydration, and it is fixed. In the alternation of dry and wet, the Fe-Mn weathered layer accumulates repeatedly to form red loam.

Paddy soil: mainly formed in tropical and subtropical red soil areas, it is a cultivated soil formed by long-term cultivation of rice. Its main characteristics are: strong oxidation-reduction effect, obvious iron and manganese leaching deposition, strong organic matter accumulation, mostly 2.5-4%, high fertility, and it is an important grain-producing soil. The climate in chibi city is warm and humid, and the landform structure is complex and diverse, which provides a good natural environment for the survival and reproduction of various creatures. The city has identified 2024 species of biological resources. Among them, there are 300 species of trees, flowers 1 15 species, 358 species of crops, 60 species of vegetables, 678 species of medicinal plants and animals, 33 species of natural enemy resources 180 species of aquatic organisms1species of wild animals and 52 species of rare animals. Known as the hometown of bamboo, tea, ramie and kiwifruit, it is known as the land of plenty.

The forestry land covers an area of 73,536 hectares, including: woodland 56 170 hectares, sparse woodland 220 hectares, shrubbery14,822 hectares, forestland 2,305 hectares and nursery 19 hectares.

Cumulative standing tree 15 10795 cubic meters. Among them, forest volume 1454765 cubic meters, sparse forest volume 3342 cubic meters, scattered trees 9395 cubic meters and surrounding trees 43293 cubic meters. Forest coverage rate: 42.48%. The plantation area is 1 19 14 hectares, and the stock volume is 423,267 cubic meters.

The natural forest covers an area of 44,257 hectares, and its volume is 103 1498 cubic meters. The economic forest area is 4 162 hectares.

Bamboo forest area 18230.5 hectares, 52.943 million plants. There are 0/3 proven minerals in chibi city, with more than 0/00 producing areas, accounting for10/.8% of more than 65438 discovered minerals in the province. Non-metallic mineral resources such as limestone, coal, dolomite, marble, vanadium pentoxide and river sand are rich and relatively concentrated, which has certain development prospects.

Chibi city is rich in nonmetallic mineral resources, especially limestone. Limestone deposition area is very wide. According to preliminary detection, limestone is exposed within 650 square kilometers, accounting for 37% of the city's total area. It is mainly stored in the area of about 35 kilometers on both sides of Beijing-Guangzhou Railway. The thickness of rock stratum ranges from 5 meters to 350 meters, and the content of calcium oxide is above 50%. Excellent texture, can be used as raw materials for building materials, cement, calcium carbide and auxiliary materials for metallurgical industry.

Coal is also one of the main mineral resources. After exploration, 33 mine fields were identified, with reserves of 610.089 million tons, of which 22 were approved by Hubei Provincial Storage Committee below, with approved reserves of 39.636 million tons, and coal reserves were mainly distributed in 13 block. There are two kinds of bituminous coal and anthracite coal, the calorific value is generally around 5000 calories/gram, and the highest calorific value is 7375 calories/gram. Bituminous coal can be used for coking and industrial fuel, while anthracite can be used as domestic coal by adding alkali and desulfurization.

Marble mines are mainly distributed in Yang Lou Cave and covered bridges. According to preliminary detection, the reserve is about 200 million cubic meters, with clear stripes and bright colors. There are mainly pink, turquoise, lotus green, granite, brown, agate red, azalea red, white marble and other colors 10, which are widely used in building decoration materials and making artistic sculptures.

Vanadium pentoxide ore is distributed in Yanglou Cave in Yanglousi area, Hunan Province, with a total length of more than 7 kilometers. According to the preliminary investigation by the geological department, the reserves of vanadium mining area are about 1 1752 tons, and the grade of vanadium ore is 0.69 ~ 0.75%.

Chibi river sand is famous all over the country for its excellent texture. 1986, the geological exploration team drilled placer within 100 meter of the downstream section of the second Baota shan Bridge of Lvshui River, with an estimated total reserve of about 45 million tons. Lushuihe sand has high silicon content, less impurities, uniform particles and the first compression resistance in the province.

Chibi city's metal mineral resources are also distributed in small quantities. Its main minerals are: iron, manganese, antimony, tungsten, gold and silver.