Briefly describe the main buildings on the central axis of Beijing!

Beijing’s central axis starts from Yongding Gate in the outer city in the south, passes through Zhengyang Gate, Zhonghua Gate, Tiananmen Gate, Duanmen Gate, Meridian Gate and Taihe Gate in the inner city, and passes through the Hall of Supreme Harmony, Hall of Zhonghe, and Baoding Gate. He Hall, Qianqing Palace, Kunning Palace, Shenwu Gate, past Longevity Mountain and Wanchun Pavilion, Shouhuang Hall and Drum Tower, all the way to the center of the bell tower.

1. Yongding Gate

Yongding Gate is the main gate of the outer city wall of Beijing in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is located on the central axis of Beijing, between Zuo'anmen and You'anmen. The largest of the city gates, it is also the main thoroughfare into and out of the capital from the south.

Yongding Gate was built in the 32nd year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1553), which means "eternal stability". The shape of the city tower is the same as that of the inner city. It is a pavilion-style building with double eaves, resting on the mountain and three drops of water. It has a sheared roof with gray tube tiles and green glazed tiles. It is five bays wide and 24 meters wide. It is three bays deep and 10.50 meters deep. The tower is 26 meters high. rice.

The city walls of Yongdingmen Wengcheng began to be demolished one after another in 1950. In 1957, the Yongdingmen Gate Tower and Arrow Tower were demolished in the name of obstructing traffic and being dangerous buildings. In 2004, the Yongding Gate Gate Tower in Beijing was rebuilt, with the barbican and arrow tower not yet built, making it the first city gate to be rebuilt in Beijing. ?

2. Zhengyangmen

Zhengyangmen, commonly known as Qianmen, Qianmen Louzi, or Daqianmen, formerly known as Lizhengmen, was the south gate of the inner city of Beijing during the Ming and Qing dynasties. . It is located at the southernmost end of Tiananmen Square on the north-south central axis of Beijing, south of Chairman Mao Memorial Hall.

It was built in the 17th year of Yongle (1419), the reign of Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty. It is one of the "Nine Gates of the Capital" in old Beijing. It integrates Zhengyangmen Tower, Arrow Tower and Wengcheng into one, and is a complete ancient defensive building system. ?

According to local records: the city towers and arrow towers at that time were magnificent in scale and tall in shape; the barbican city was majestic and majestic, and was a representative work of the old Beijing city wall architecture. Today, only the city tower and arrow tower remain, and they are the only ones preserved in Beijing. A relatively complete city gate. There is the Beijing Folklore Exhibition Hall on the tower.

3. Zhonghua Gate

Zhonghua Gate refers to the south gate of the old Beijing Imperial City. It was originally called Daming Gate in the Ming Dynasty and Daqing Gate in the Qing Dynasty. It was renamed Zhonghua Gate during the Republic of China. On the central axis of Beijing, the original site was on the north side of Zhengyang Gate, and is now south of the Monument to the People's Heroes and around the Chairman Mao Memorial Hall.

This gate was once a symbol of the national gate in the Ming and Qing dynasties and was not allowed to be opened on ordinary days. In 1976, the Mao Zedong Memorial Hall was built on the original site. Zhonghuamen is different from Zhengyangmen and Tiananmen. It is not a city tower, but a masonry structure with a single eaves resting on the top of the mountain.

4. Tiananmen

Tiananmen is located in the center of Beijing, the capital of the People's Republic of China, at the southern end of the Forbidden City, and is closely connected with Tiananmen Square, the Monument to the People's Heroes, and Chairman Mao Memorial Hall. , the Great Hall of the People, and the National Museum of China face each other across Chang'an Street, covering an area of ??4,800 square meters. It has attracted the attention of the world for its outstanding architectural art and special political status.

Tiananmen was the main entrance to the imperial city of Beijing during the Ming and Qing dynasties. It was built in the 15th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1417). It was originally named "Chengtianmen", which means "carrying destiny and receiving orders from heaven". meaning. The designer was Kuai Xiang, a royal architect of the Ming Dynasty.

The name was changed to Tiananmen in the eighth year of Shunzhi (1651) in the Qing Dynasty. It consists of two parts: the city platform and the city tower. It has a white marble Xumizuo with a total height of 34.7 meters. Tiananmen Gate Tower is 66 meters long and 37 meters wide.

There are five gates under the city platform. The middle gate is the largest and is located on the central axis of the Imperial City of Beijing. In the past, only the emperor could enter and exit through this gate. A portrait of Mao Zedong hangs above the central doorway, and on both sides are large slogans "Long live the Republic of the People's Republic of China" and "Long live the great unity of the people of the world." ?

On October 10, the 14th year of the Republic of China (1925), the Palace Museum was established and Tiananmen Square began to open to the public. On October 1, 1949, the founding ceremony of the People's Republic of China was held here, and it was designed into the national emblem and became a symbol of the People's Republic of China. In 1961, the State Council of the People's Republic of China announced it as one of the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

5. Duanmen

The Duanmen Tower was built in the 18th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1420). It was one of the main entrances to the Forbidden City in the Ming Dynasty and the imperial city of the Qing Dynasty. The main entrance, the entire building structure and style are the same as Tiananmen.

Duanmen Tower was mainly used as a place to store the emperor’s ceremonial supplies during the Ming and Qing dynasties.

Whenever the emperor held a court meeting or traveled, there were various types of ceremonial guards on both sides of the royal road under the city tower, a huge number, and a magnificent procession. They were lined up from the Hall of Supreme Harmony to Tiananmen (called Chengtianmen in the Ming Dynasty), which was two miles long.

Baidu Encyclopedia - Beijing Central Axis