Composition guidance for fifth-grade pupils

A probe into the guiding ideology of primary school composition

Abstract: composition guidance in primary schools is an important part of Chinese education, which has been widely concerned by people. In view of my reflection on teaching practice in my usual composition teaching, this paper expounds this theme from five aspects around the guiding ideology of primary school composition, so that students can have a clear composition idea in their hearts. Practice the breadth from the selection of materials and cultivate the openness of ideas; Cultivate multi-directional thinking from multiple angles around the center; Cultivate meticulous thinking from the depth of details; From the level of cultivating students' understanding of objective things to the depth of cultivating thinking; Limit the time from conception to writing and cultivate the agility of thinking; Express true feelings from photo stories and cultivate the humanity of students' thinking.

Keywords: primary school, composition, guidance, thinking, humanity

The Outline of Chinese Education for Nine-year Compulsory Education in Primary Schools points out that composition teaching in primary schools mainly undertakes the tasks of enriching students' language accumulation, guiding students to correctly understand and use the Chinese language, and cultivating students' language expression ability. At the same time, we should enlighten students with socialist ideological and moral education and scientific thinking methods, cultivate good will quality, cultivate healthy aesthetic taste and promote the harmonious development of students' personality.

However, today's primary school compositions are still one-sided pursuit of expressing truth in words, which greatly limits students' freedom to write individual hearts. When I open the composition book, what is revealed between the lines is almost a kind of repetitive thinking, and there is no novelty or transcendence intention. Finding students' advantages, enlarging their courage and expanding their thinking can help students to cross boundaries, emancipate their minds and languages, produce the positive effect of "the sky is vast and the sea is vast, and they are eager to try", promote the development of different students' language abilities, give full play to their creativity and improve their humanistic quality.

Here I would like to talk about my own experience from the aspect of primary school composition thinking training:

First, practice the breadth and cultivate the openness of thinking.

The composition should be rich in content, widely selected and broad-minded. Now students often look at propositions and don't know where to start. Their thinking psychology is anxious to think "what should I write", so they suddenly walked into a narrow dead end. According to the characteristics of students' thinking, we should train the breadth of material selection and cultivate the openness of students' thinking, that is, guide students to think about what they can write according to the meaning of the question, and then think about what I write, that is, spend a little time, broaden the scope of material selection, expand their thinking, borrow coordinate forms, write down information points, and then choose or retrieve materials for their writing.

Taking a happy event as an example, the idea of selecting materials can be:

win a prize

Be a good student

spring outing

school

domestic

on / in the street

……

Event scope

Character range

Location range

Time range

happy

The arrow in the picture above points to the last thing a student wrote: He is on Saturday? A story about winning a prize in the school composition competition expressed his happy mood. As can be seen from the above figure, this proposition can be selected from three aspects: weather, location, people and harmony. Of course, the main thing is to consider the material selection. Pupils generally have a deep understanding of what they have experienced personally, so I focus on guiding students to select materials from the range of events to remind them of the past. Generally speaking, what remains in their minds is always beautiful and profound, and it is worth remembering. Swimming in summer vacation, catching the sea, playing hide-and-seek with friends, playing house and being a little teacher; Flying kites and playing with mud in spring; Make a snowman, have a snowball fight, etc. During the winter vacation. Once they open their hearts, students will feel that they have something to say, something to write, something to express, and their thoughts are like a spring. They are anxious to talk about it. The dilemma of scratching your head, biting your pen and making things up won't happen again. As shown in the figure, students can see at a glance, their sense of time and space is enhanced, and they have a large choice. Then, with this coordinate, they can often screen out the best writing materials, which is the breadth of training materials. In specific exercises, we should also carry out thinking extension training, that is, association and imagination training, so that literary thinking can be extended. For example, Mother's Day is coming in May, and students are required to write a composition about filial piety. They can start with the little things they usually do for their mother, take chopsticks for their mother, pour a cup of hot tea for their mother and beat their backs. Because the child is still young, the filial piety to the mother only stays in these small things. In the communication with them, some students revealed that they want to do something for their mother that they can't do when they grow up. So I timely guide students to spread the wings of imagination on the basis of realism. If you use hypothetical words, let your thoughts fly and express your filial piety to your mother happily. For example, my classmates wrote: If my mother doesn't care, she wants to be a cook when she grows up, so that her mother can eat nutritious food and stay slim; If mom doesn't care, she is willing to be a masseur; Be a fashion designer or something. Children's rich emotions and affectionate love are all between the lines. Filial piety to mother is a virtue and the cornerstone of life. People who love their mothers are caring, conscientious and responsible. I still remember the first day when the famous Soviet educator Suhomlinski became the principal, the bright red slogan hung high at the school gate: Love your mother! What a stirring slogan, like a flag flying in the hearts of students, I think students will never forget it after reading it. The quality of an excellent nation has been shaped into a spring breeze in a seemingly unintentional and seamless way. Judging from the essays handed in, it seems that although the language is plain and natural, it can show filial piety to the mother. Life is the source of reality, imagination and exercise, and emotion is the driving force of imagination and exercise. This exercise design embodies the teaching concept of arousing imagination with life and promoting expression with emotion.

Second, practice the angle and cultivate multi-directional thinking.

Composition is a reflection of objective things and a complex thinking activity. It's like a photographer shooting a scene or a scene, whether his head is up or down. Do you want to take a panoramic view or just a partial view? This is the thinking activity of choosing the best angle. Writing a composition is not like this! How to practice angles and cultivate multi-directional writing ideas?

1, written from different angles around the center. Describe Chinese character writing training from the aspects of appearance, manners, behavior, language characteristics and psychological activities; This paper expounds the training of landscape writing from the angles of static, color and shape, height and size, panoramic part and so on. Writing emphasizes the combination of point and surface, seeing things and people. Strengthening this kind of training can cultivate multi-directional thinking in practice and avoid singleness.

2. Multi-angle conception. The same thing can train students to think from multiple angles and strengthen multi-directional thinking. Taking tug-of-war as an example can not only show arrogance and rashness, but also express the themes of "unity is strength" and "tug-of-war should also pay attention to skills" This kind of training not only cultivates the multi-directional thinking of homework, but also helps to cultivate students' ability to understand things and induce their creative spirit.

3. change your perspective. It is interesting to change the angle of writing thinking training, which can stimulate the enthusiasm of students' writing thinking and make them active. Therefore, there are often some vivid words in the text: "I am very happy when I hold the small tree and fix it." Small trees sway in the wind, and leaves rustle. Ah, it's nodding at me and smiling at me! " The bird twitters as if to say, "I am your friend, but why should someone shoot us!" " "I looked at the injured bird, stroking the wings that were still shaking, and my heart was shaking:" Oh, why did you hurt this innocent little creature! ""The bird cocked its little head and stopped crying. Its small eyes are moist like black beans. I don't know if this is my sadness or gratitude. Most of the subjects involved in primary school students' life are relatively small and common. In other words, it doesn't make much sense. Because primary school students' understanding of life is limited, biased, vague, superficial or even wrong, there will be inaccurate and profound thinking in exercises. As the saying goes, you can only see far if you climb high, and you can only build a high house. Therefore, in order to train students' height, that is, to train students to stand at a certain height and have a deeper understanding of objective things, so as to gradually improve their conception ability.

I want to improve my height. In a sense, the height of training ideas is to train students' minds, ideological quality and cognitive ability. Also writing the blackboard newspaper, the two students' understanding or views on this matter are written at the end of the article as follows: a "After more than two hours of hard work, the blackboard newspaper was finally finished. I think my classmates and teachers will pay tribute when they see the blackboard newspaper we run tomorrow! " "B" looked at the hard-won blackboard newspaper and was indescribable happy. Because we let the students see the wonderful picture with our own hands and hear many noble people talking ... "Obviously, the latter student has a deeper and clearer understanding of running a blackboard newspaper than the former student. It is not difficult to see that students' understanding of things is different, and the artistic conception of the article is also very different. To cultivate the profundity of exercise thinking, we should not only pay attention to guiding students to learn the author's understanding methods of things in the text, but also constantly strengthen positive ideological education, improve the ability to distinguish and improve the level of understanding of things around them.

Third, practice depth and cultivate careful writing ideas.

Teachers often complain that students' compositions are not specific. For example, when writing about clean glass in general cleaning, I said clean, clean, clean this piece, clean another piece and clean every piece. The teacher praised me for cleaning well. To write about the high jump is to write that I didn't jump the first time and didn't jump the second time. The teacher encouraged me to jump, and I jumped for the third time, and so on. Is it mainly because there is no vocabulary? No, it's because students can't "think", so they can't "write", that is, they don't have detailed and profound ideas.

This can be explained by the way of movie image expression: in movies, people tend to enlarge the details of things or the parts of people's expressions, such as far mirror → middle mirror → close mirror → close-up. Although the scene in the picture becomes smaller and smaller as the camera zooms in, the audience can see the close-up most clearly and have the deepest impression. Sometimes in order to express the need, even the tears in my eyes are clearly photographed, and even the subtle changes of my lips are clearly seen. The inner feelings of the characters are all integrated into this wordless and meticulous expression.

The same is true when studying. We ask students not only to write an outline of things-just to write a general outline, but also to train students to write in-depth details. The method is to arrange a certain period of time to train the description of detail fragments, and the smaller the proposition requirements of this fragment training, the better. For example, describe a person's anxious expression in detail, describe a person's movements when playing badminton in detail, describe a person's attitude of concentrating on reading in detail, and describe a flower in part. This training method is helpful to change the bad factors in students' writing ideas (such as carelessness, lack of depth, superficiality, etc.). With the careful training of exercise thinking, students will consciously or unconsciously use the method of describing things in detail in exercises. At this time, there will be less empty practice.

Fourth, practice speed and cultivate the agility of thinking.

In today's society, information exchange is quite fast, which requires writing to have a certain speed. Practicing speed is to cultivate the agility of thinking. This is not only the need of writing, but also the need of learning other subjects, and it is also the need of exchanging information.

1, the speed of practicing ideas and articles, one is to infiltrate the training of ideas and articles when reading stories. Designers of clothing, bridges and halls can design all kinds of building paper according to their own needs because they have a large number of styles of clothing, bridges and halls in their minds. Similarly, students should master various structural methods, so that when working independently, they can quickly design different writing ideas in different places because of the text. The structure of many paragraphs in the textbook can be used for reference by students in practice. We should give full play to the exemplary role of textbooks in reading stories. For example, the total score structure (the third natural paragraph of Autumn in the Great Northern Wilderness), the total score structure (Pearl of the Orient) and other types such as total score, progression, continuity and parallelism.

2. It is the speed of training the subject concept. With the help of three-dimensional writing train of thought, we can set out from the whole, make the writing train of thought three-dimensional, arrange plots or examples around the center (represented by the middle circle), and organize paragraph levels. Example:

grow healthily

Mom and Dad

Give a compliment

Care and love me.

touch control

Be a real person

Photographic report

to tell the truth

Express true feelings

This kind of conceptual diagram not only has a strong three-dimensional sense, but also forms a more vivid image in students' minds, thus having a clear idea in their hearts, which is more conducive to improving students' writing speed.

3. The time for each practice should be limited. In order to cultivate the writing speed, we should limit the writing time. For example, it is difficult to finish a 400-500-word essay in a 40-minute practice class at first, but through regular training, the agility of thinking is improved and the writing speed is also improved.

Fifth, express true feelings and cultivate the humanity of thoughts.

Take an open class of composition teaching I gave to all Chinese teachers as an example. The teachers who attended the class were attracted by the emotional atmosphere in the class, infected by the students' active thinking and emotional language expression, and moved by my reading of the next article on hydrology. Many teachers get wet when they listen. In this class, my students have experienced a process of emotional education. It is not easy for students to turn a blind eye to their parents' love and take it for granted. Because a philosopher said: indifference is a sin. Through hard work, this class has achieved the effect I expected. Create situations to guide and stimulate, broaden students' thinking, let students express themselves naturally and freely, and let students speak freely.

Liu Xie, a great composition writer in ancient China, said in his literary criticism "Wen Xin Diao Long" that "emotions are resigned to fate", which is indeed an experience. If you are indifferent to the things around you, indifferent, and have no emotion and desire to write, you can't write a good composition. Putting students in an emotional atmosphere, attracting students' attention, stimulating their writing emotions and deepening their feelings about life are shortcuts to improve their writing level. The revised edition of Chinese Teaching Outline for Full-time Primary Schools in Nine-year Compulsory Education points out the points for attention in writing: to stimulate students' love for life, to write about people, events, sights and things they are familiar with, to tell the truth and express their true feelings, and not to say empty words or lies. Exercise guidance should help students broaden their thinking and express themselves freely. Lu Xun said that the article is not taught, and it is impossible to say how to write it, but people who have feelings, people who read and people who practice have no experience and methods. At ordinary times, only by strengthening language accumulation, reading comprehension and carrying out appropriate Chinese extracurricular activities can we enrich students' thoughts, let students reproduce life in their minds, know life, recall life and express life, and let students unconsciously and naturally integrate into a strong emotional atmosphere, with feelings and feelings moving. In this composition guidance class, I want to "open source and drain" to guide students to tell the truth, write stories, express their true feelings, be real people, make students feel relieved and caring, learn to be grateful, and be an emotional person.