What is the development course of China People's Liberation Army?

The China People's Liberation Army has gone through a glorious course of 72 years, but the glorious title of "China People's Liberation Army" was not born when the People's Army led by the China Party was born. This title has a historical process of development and evolution just like the glorious history of the People's Army.

the development and evolution from the Chinese revolutionary army of workers and peasants to the Chinese Red Army of workers and peasants

After the failure of the Great Revolution in 1927, the China * * * producers realized the importance of armed struggle and army organization from their failure. On August 1st, under the leadership of Zhou Enlai, the former enemy committee of China, He Long, Ye Ting, Zhu De and Liu Bocheng, more than 2, people held an armed uprising in the vicinity of Nanchang, including the 11th Army, the 4th Army, the 2th Army, the Third Army Officers' Education Group and the Nanchang Police Department. The uprising troops were organized into the 11th Army, the 2th Army and the 9th Army. The Nanchang Uprising fired the first shot of armed resistance against the Kuomintang reactionaries, which marked the beginning of the armed struggle led by the China * * * Producer Party independently. However, under the conditions at that time, the flag of the China * * Producer Party was not publicly displayed during the uprising, and the uprising troops still used the designation of the Second Army of the National Revolutionary Army and were still called the National Revolutionary Army.

The emergency meeting held by the Central Committee in Hankou in mid-1927 (that is, the August 7th meeting) determined the policy of carrying out agrarian revolution and armed uprising, and took leading peasants to hold the autumn harvest uprising as the main task of the Party at that time. However, after the peasant uprising, the "August 7" meeting did not specify how to call their armed forces. It was not until August 21st that the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China clearly put forward in the Resolution on the Political Tasks and Strategies of the Production Party of China that "a revolutionary army of workers and peasants should be established" and that "this army should have a very extensive political work and a party representative system". On August 23rd and thereafter, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China * * * put forward in the instruction letter to the Hunan Provincial Party Committee of the Communist Party of China and other * * * production party organizations that the Peasant Self-Guard and the Workers and Peasants Self-Guard, which led the peasant uprising, were renamed the Workers and Peasants Revolutionary Army after the uprising was successful. According to the decisions and instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, in the process of leading the peasants' autumn harvest uprising, most of the local * * * production party organizations combined the workers' picket, the workers' and peasants' self-guards, the cherishing self-guards and other workers' and peasants' armed forces into a unified revolutionary army of workers and peasants. In the process of renaming the uprising armed forces around the country as the revolutionary army of workers and peasants, the situation was different and the titles were different.

some people renamed the workers and peasants armed forces as the workers and peasants revolutionary army before leading the uprising. In the autumn harvest uprising led by Mao Zedong at the Hunan-Jiangxi border, before the uprising, the former National Revolutionary Army General Command Guard Corps, Pinghan Workers' and Peasants' Volunteers Corps, Jiyang Workers' and Peasants' Volunteers Corps, Anyuan Workers' picket and Mine Police Corps, and some peasant self-guards from Chongyang and Border Town in southern Hubei were combined into the First Division of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army, and then an armed uprising was held. In the spring of 1928, He Long and others first formed the revolutionary army of workers and peasants with their relatives and the armed forces under the old army in Sangzhi area of western Hunan, and then held an uprising.

some people renamed the uprising armed forces as the revolutionary army of workers and peasants after the success of the uprising. In November 1927, the peasant self-defense forces in Huang An and Macheng counties of Hubei Province were organized as the revolutionary army of workers and peasants and the Eastern Hubei Army after the uprising. In January 1928, the revolutionary army of workers and peasants, the Eastern Hubei Army, was reorganized into the seventh army of the revolutionary army of workers and peasants. From November 1927 to the spring of 1928, after the peasant uprising in western Jiangxi and southern Jiangxi, the seventh and ninth columns and the fifteenth and sixteenth columns of the revolutionary army of workers and peasants were established respectively. In the spring of 1928, after the victory of the Southern Hunan Uprising, the Central Special Committee of Southern Hunan organized the agricultural armies of Yizhang, Leiyang, Chenxian, Yongxing and Zixing into the third, seventh and ninth divisions of the Revolutionary Army of Workers and Peasants. However, after the uprising in some areas, although the uprising armed forces were also called revolutionary troops, they were not completely consistent with the title of workers and peasants revolution stipulated by the Central Committee. For example, in mid-October 1927, the peasant uprising led by Queshan County Committee of Henan Province was called the peasant revolutionary army. In January, 1928, Fang Zhimin and others led the peasant uprising in Yiheng. The insurgent armed forces were called the Agrarian Revolutionary Army, and the insurgent armed forces in some areas were generally called guerrillas.

On May 25th, 1928, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the Military Work Outline, which made clear provisions and requirements on such issues as "general principles of military movement", "expanding the armed forces of workers and peasants", "establishing the Red Army" and "Party organization and political work in the army". It stipulates: "The army established in the separatist region can be officially named the Red Army, and the name of the former workers and peasants revolution (army) can be abolished." Since June 1928, the revolutionary army of workers and peasants and other workers and peasants' armed forces in various revolutionary base areas have been renamed the Red Army in succession according to the provisions of the Military Work Outline issued by the Central Committee.

In May 193, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China secretly held a national meeting of Red Army representatives in Shanghai. It was decided at the meeting that the Red Army from all over the country would concentrate on forming legions. From June 1928 to September 1934, the Red Army formed the 1st Army, 3rd Army, 2nd Army, 5th Army, 6th Army, Hong Jiu Army and 8th Army Corps. From August 193 to July 1936, the Red Army was organized into the Red First, Red Fourth and Red Second Armies. In May 1933, the provisional central government of the Chinese Soviet Union decided to organize the headquarters of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army, and appointed Zhu De as the commander-in-chief of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army and Zhou Enlai as the general political commissar of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army.

The development and evolution from the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants to the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army

After the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression was launched in 1937, the generals of the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants sent a telegram and volunteered to kill the enemy. The Central Committee sent representatives to negotiate with the Kuomintang government for many times on the reorganization of the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants. It was not until August 22 that the Kuomintang government officially announced that the main force of the Red Army had been reorganized into the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army. On August 25th, the Central Military Commission issued an order to reorganize the first, second and fourth fronts of the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants and the Red Army of Workers and Peasants in northern Shaanxi into the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army. Zhu De is the commander in chief, Peng Dehuai is the deputy commander-in-chief, Ye Jianying is the chief of staff, Ren Bishi is the director of the political department, Zuo Quan is the deputy chief of staff, and Deng Xiaoping is the deputy director of the political department. The army * * * 46, people. Subsequently, the divisions of the Eighth Route Army successively went to the anti-Japanese front in North China. On September 11th, the Military Commission of the National Government ordered the Eighth Route Army to be changed to the 18th Army of the National Revolutionary Army, which belonged to the second world war zone sequence, and appointed Zhu De as the commander-in-chief of the 18th Army and Peng Dehuai as the deputy commander-in-chief. On the 14th, Zhu De and Peng Dehuai issued a general order on changing the Eighth Route Army into the 18th Army of the National Revolutionary Army: "I received a telegram from the Nanjing Military Commission on the 11th, and the route army was changed into the 18th Army of the National Revolutionary Army, with Zhu De as the commander-in-chief and Peng Dehuai as the deputy commander-in-chief." Since the Red Army was reorganized into the Eighth Route Army, the name of the Eighth Route Army has left a deep impression on the masses. Although the National Government ordered it to change its serial number, under normal circumstances, people still used to call it the Eighth Route Army.

On August 1, 1937, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Instructions on the Work in Guerrilla Areas", stating that in order to adapt to the new situation of establishing an anti-Japanese national United front, all guerrilla areas should work under the principle of preserving and consolidating revolutionary armed forces and ensuring the absolute leadership of the Party. The larger red forces can negotiate with the nearby garrison of the Kuomintang and local political power to change their titles and establishment in order to obtain legal status, but they must guard against each other. All our armed forces can automatically change their numbers and carry out independent activities in the name of anti-Japanese volunteers and anti-Japanese guerrillas before they have really negotiated with the local Kuomintang government and the Kuomintang garrison. In this way, a considerable number of Red Army and guerrillas left over from 15 areas in 8 provinces including Hunan, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Hubei, Henan and Anhui in the south have been reorganized into anti-Japanese volunteers and some into anti-Japanese guerrillas after negotiation and struggle.

While the guerrilla zones in the south were negotiating with the local authorities of the Kuomintang, the Central Committee also sent representatives to negotiate with the Kuomintang on the reorganization of the Red Army and guerrillas in the south. According to the agreement reached through negotiations between the two parties, the Military Commission of Nanjing National Government officially announced in October 1937 that the Red Army and guerrillas operating in eight southern provinces were reorganized into the new Fourth Army of the National Revolutionary Army (hereinafter referred to as the New Fourth Army). Subsequently, after consultation with the Kuomintang, the Central Committee appointed Ye Ting as the commander, Xiang Ying as the deputy commander, Zhang Yunyi as the chief of staff, Yuan Guoping as the director of the political department, Zhou Zikun as the deputy chief of staff and Deng Zihui as the deputy director. On December 25th of the same year, the headquarters of the New Fourth Army was established in Hankou and moved to Nanchang, Jiangxi on January 6th, 1938. Later, it moved to the Rock Temple in Shexian County, southern Anhui Province. The New Fourth Army has four detachments and one spy battalion. The army * * * about 13 people. After the reorganization of the New Fourth Army, the detachments immediately went to the anti-Japanese front in the north and south of the Yangtze River.

In January 1941, after the "Southern Anhui Incident", in order to counter Chiang Kai-shek's reactionary order to cancel the designation of the New Fourth Army, the Central Military Commission issued an order to rebuild the military headquarters of the New Fourth Army on January 2, 1941, and appointed Chen Yi as the acting commander of the New Fourth Army (commander Ye Ting was detained during negotiations with the Kuomintang army in the Southern Anhui Incident), Liu Shaoqi as the political commissar, Zhang Yunyi as the deputy commander and Lai Chuanzhu as the chief of staff. The new headquarters of the New Fourth Army is located in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, based on the headquarters of the Eighth Route Army of the New Fourth Army in Central China, and the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army, which are active in the south of Longhai Railway, are unified and reorganized into seven divisions and an independent brigade, with more than 9, troops, and continue to persist in the war of resistance behind enemy lines in Central China.

The development and evolution from the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army to the People's Liberation Army of China

After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, the Kuomintang ruling clique headed by Chiang Kai-shek was the sole winner, destroying the China * * * production party and its armed forces, and plotting to launch a civil war. In order to adapt to the situation that the Kuomintang is about to launch a civil war, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has formulated a strategic policy of "developing northward and defending southward", and all strategic areas have quickly adjusted their strategic deployment in accordance with the instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China: 11, main troops and more than 2, party, government and army cadres from the People's Liberation Army in the customs area have been dispatched to the northeast; The New Fourth Army in Zhejiang, southern Jiangsu, southern Anhui and central Anhui withdrew to the north of the Yangtze River; Hubei People's Anti-Japanese Salvation Army (that is, the south detachment of the Eighth Route Army) and our Henan Military Region troops were evacuated to the Hubei-Henan People's Liberation Army with Tongbai as the center, and joined the fifth division of the New Fourth Army.

On October 31st, 1945, the Northeast People's Autonomous Army was formed by the troops from the liberated areas in Shanhaiguan Pass and the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition Forces, with Lin Biao as the commander-in-chief, Peng Zhen and Luo Ronghuan as the first and second political commissar respectively, Lv Zhengcao, Li Yunchang and Zhou Baozhong as the first, second and third deputy commanders respectively, Xiao Jinguang as the fourth deputy commander and chief of staff, and Cheng Zihua as the deputy political commissar. On January 14, 1946, the Northeast People's Autonomous Army was renamed the Northeast Democratic Coalition Army.

while adjusting the strategic deployment, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued instructions on the formation and command relationship of field corps, requiring that all strategic areas should be equipped with mobile assault forces, which can be extremely mobile, that is, they can fight in other areas without their own strategic areas. According to the instructions of the Central Committee, the troops in various strategic areas have been reorganized one after another, and successively formed the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Field Army, the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Field Army, the Shandong Field Army and the Central China Field Army. By June 1946, the whole army had formed 27 field columns (some called divisions) and 6 field brigades. There are 61, field troops and 66, local troops.

in June, 1946, the Kuomintang publicly tore up the armistice agreement signed by the two countries and brazenly attacked the liberated areas in the Central Plains, and the civil war broke out in an all-round way. The soldiers and civilians in the liberated areas rose to defend themselves, and the people's liberation war was launched in an all-round way. Due to the fundamental changes in strategic tasks, the troops in the liberated areas were renamed the People's Liberation Army from the Eighth Route Army, the New Fourth Army and the Northeast Democratic Coalition Army. For example, the Northwest Field Army was officially named the Northwest Field Army of the People's Liberation Army in July 1947 according to the instructions of the Central Military Commission. The Northeast Democratic Allied Forces was renamed the Northeast People's Liberation Army in January 1948.

On October 1th, 1947, the China People's Liberation Army Headquarters issued the China People's Liberation Army Manifesto, reiterating that the PLA's operational purpose was "for the liberation of the people of China and the Chinese nation". The Declaration calls for "overthrowing Chiang Kai-shek and liberating all China". And announced the eight basic policies of the China People's Liberation Army. On the same day, China People's Liberation Army Headquarters re-promulgated the "Three Disciplines and Eight Notices".

according to the spirit of the the Political Bureau of the Central Committee meeting in September, 1948, the Central Military Commission of China issued a general order on November 1st of the same year on unifying the establishment of the whole army and the designation of the troops. The "General Order" made unified provisions on the organization and designation of the whole army. China People's Liberation Army is divided into field troops, local troops and guerrilla units. The column of the field army is renamed the army, and there are two levels above the army: the corps and the field army, and the levels below the army are generally compiled according to three or three. The title of the People's Liberation Army is also clearly defined in the General Order. Although after the civil war broke out in 1946, the terms "PLA", "People's Liberation Army" and "China People's Liberation Army" appeared in the documents of the Central Committee and the Central Military Commission and in the reports of Xinhua News Agency, after the all-out civil war broke out, although the various units were renamed People's Liberation Army one after another, there was a long-term disunity in the terms and use of the units in various regions. Therefore, the above-mentioned General Order stipulates that all units at regimental and divisional levels should be labeled as "China People's Liberation Army", such as "China People's Liberation Army North China Military Region", "China People's Liberation Army East China Field Army", "China People's Liberation Army X Corps" and "China People's Liberation Army XX Army". The unification of the establishment and designation of the whole army is an important organizational measure for the PLA to realize regularization.

On January 15th, 1949, the Central Military Commission of China issued another instruction, pointing out that, according to the development of the war, it was no longer suitable for the field armies to be named as military regions on November 1st last year, and it was decided to arrange them by ordinal number. The Northwest Field Army was renamed as the First Field Army, the Central Plains Field Army as the Second Field Army, the East China Field Army as the Third Field Army and the Northeast Field Army as the Fourth Field Army. In accordance with the instructions of the Central Military Commission, from January to June, 1949, various units of the People's Liberation Army were reorganized. At the same time, the four larger guerrillas who persisted in the struggle in the areas south of the Yangtze River were reorganized into China People's Liberation Army's Fujian-Guangdong-Jiangxi Border Column, China People's Liberation Army's Guangdong-Jiangxi-Hunan Border Column, China People's Liberation Army's Guangxi-Yunnan-Guizhou Border Column and China People's Liberation Army's Fujian-Zhejiang-Jiangxi Border Column. Subsequently, guerrillas in other areas were reorganized first and then into columns or corps.

On the eve of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Mao Zedong pointed out at the first plenary session of the People's Political Consultative Conference in China: "Our national defense will be consolidated and no imperialists will be allowed to invade our country again. On the basis of the heroic and tested People's Liberation Army, our people's armed forces must be preserved and developed. We will not only have a strong army, but also a strong air force and a strong navy. "

The founding of the People's Republic of China has opened a new era in the historical development of China. In addition to continuing to accomplish the mission of reunifying the mainland of the motherland, the People's Liberation Army also undertakes the great task of defending the territorial integrity and national security of socialist countries and participating in socialist modernization. At the same time, constantly strengthen its own revolutionization.