Jia experts and them: remember people in the shadow of prosperous times.

This land is rich in suffering, and there is no shortage of people scratching their lives at random. Hu Feng wrote in the postscript of Xiao Hong's "Field of Life and Death" that "people are born like mosquitoes, spread and die indiscriminately, and with their own blood and sweat, under the power of natural tyrants and two-legged tyrants, they can enrich the earth, grow food, raise livestock and crawl diligently". After decades, the field of life and death is still the field of life and death, and the makers and recipients of suffering are still there, but they are becoming more and more silent.

Except for the case of a woman who killed four daughters and then committed suicide one day, everyone was surprised as a friendly country. They scolded a few words from a distance, analyzed them, looked at them and dispersed. It seems that I suddenly forgot that there was frozen bone on the rotten road in Zhumen, or I just pretended not to see it for too long on weekdays, and finally I really thought it didn't exist. It's nothing new.

But there are always people who don't want everyone to be invisible. They will sting you from time to time, throw cold water on you, and let you see the reality clearly. Lu Xun is such a person. He shouted in the dark room, but Jia Jiaguan didn't shout. He just recorded it silently and told you that there were still some people who lived like this in the shadow of the prosperous times.

Jia Xingjia was posted on Netease blog and Fanfan earlier, and there were more than 900 "them" posted on Netease Weibo. After screening, they were compiled into Reading Library 1604, which was called the volume of Reading Library this year. Dust is Jia's first paper book, which contains a batch of articles on his Netease blog, and is divided into three parts: people, the world and travel. Mainly his memories of family and friends, everything about Harbin, the city where he was born, and some travel notes.

What Jia Xingjia writes best is the people and events in Northeast China. In the northeast, since modern times, various forces have appeared in succession, from the place of suffering and exile, to becoming the eldest son and pride of * * * and the country, and now to the decline, which itself is like a dead hero in the novel, with fatal attraction. For people who grew up in that land, two or three generations, less than a hundred years, the ups and downs of individuals and families, the ups and downs of soil and water are worth recording. In addition, it also has a strong specimen significance.

When I read "They" written by Jia Xingjia, I always think of those "them" I have seen. I am trapped in an inescapable life, trying to live upside down. Among the female writers of the Republic of China, I prefer Xiao Hong. I think she writes like a genius, and she writes innocently and deliberately by intuition. In fact, literature is sometimes like this. The more painful things are, the more flexible they need to be. People who look at it this way will not feel so bitter and can continue to live.

There are actually many writers who write about the sufferings after the founding of the People's Republic of China. Yu Hua's Living and Xu Sanguan's Selling Blood are the same as Mo Yan's works. I have seen the drama version, movie version and novel version of "Living", and that history sometimes overlaps. The first one to float up is Bo Huang on the stage, holding Xia Feng. He said he would take it step by step. Xia Feng's tears dripped from his neck. He walked and walked, and he said, Xia Feng, I'm not going to that family. No matter how poor you are, you won't send Xia Feng away. As long as I think of this paragraph, I feel sad. It is said that Jiang Wen has always wanted to shoot "Xu Sanguan Selling Blood". Unfortunately, for various reasons, it was not filmed, but the Korean version was filmed instead. Maybe even if we see it, people don't want to see it.

There was a time when people would say that expressing pain was a trick on the subject matter and a kind of consumption. I've been in buy buy for a long time, and I can really be linked to money and consumption at any time. But suffering itself needs to be remembered. Because there are many kinds of suffering, but the person who lives in suffering can be anyone. Buddhists talk about seven hardships, how to spend themselves?

Jia Xingjia mentioned the case of "cypress in front of the court" in Dust. The falcon hovers in the sky, and it will be broken if it doesn't fall; Like a hurry, you arrive when you arrive, and you don't arrive until you arrive. You can't say you're coming right away. Zen master is willing to further interpret it as "when the void falls to the ground", which is equivalent to answering "when you see something, it is not far away", which is already a wife's heart. It is helpless sympathy. If you can't reach it, you will be unknown, even if you are close at hand, it will not affect your nostalgia. So I need someone to give me some advice, and I need someone to wake myself up and stop being numb.

"They" and "dust" are both so to some extent. Expert Jia's writing shows that he has deep feelings for these people, although he writes with restraint. There is a lot of suffering in it, but it's not flowery words. He doesn't have such a descriptive addiction. He is using stories to build dignity for cowards and record their sufferings instead of showing off. When he first started writing "They", he once mentioned "Liaozhai", saying that he didn't like the happy reunion between the people and the fox. He thought it was the personal suffering of Pu Songling. Only later did I know how miserable the so-called happy reunion was. Everyone knows that there is no such thing. Such embellishment will only make reality more dangerous. Pu Songling will also give his story a decorated happy ending. The people recorded by Jia experts are all real, and most of them are not stubborn and lucky to arch the grass under the road.

In fact, writing is sometimes a paradox. People like to read stories, and they won't look at you more just because you are realistic. Because reading is not an exam. How to make their stories seen by more people? Sorrow and joy cannot be circulated only by repeating the running account. People who write have to understand literature, and so do experts Jia. He mentioned Carver's words more than once: it is possible to write ordinary things in ordinary but accurate language and give them extensive and amazing power. You can write a seemingly harmless greeting, and then convey to the reader the chilling meaning.

Both "dust" and "them" have such literary consciousness. Many people can see the shadow of ancient prose and ancient poetry in their articles, and they will see Fei Ming. At least the words here can move you, not only because of the story, but also because the storyteller has strong organizational skills.

Dongdongqiang once asked Master Jia in an interview that he listed his favorite books in his blog in his early years. The two book lists basically overlap. They include: Zhuang Zhou, Sima Qian, Yu Xin, Duan, Du Fu, Xu Wei, Wu Cheng'en, Zhang Dai, Lu Xun, Zhou Zuoren, Fei Ming, Shen Congwen, Lao She, Wang Zengqi, Zhang Zhongxing, Zhang Chengzhi, Acheng, Zhu Wen, Merimee, Kafka, Pessoa, Puning, bulgakov, Singh and Tournie.

His evaluation is that the first comma is ancient Chinese and the second comma is vernacular, but most of the words I choose are not from Tianjin or Liangshan heroes, which is obvious. Merimee and Gide are both elegant, which is my most enviable temperament, and the elegance of the two views. The author in the third comma is indisputable. The fourth comma, which many people think is thin, is particularly attractive to me. The scriptures taught in this school are beautiful. They are confident, solemn and consistent in writing scriptures, which are not found in other books. Their imagination is magnificent-they don't think it is imagination. You don't need to write a case-solving. What Xuanzang wrote is purposeful and particularly vigorous.

When I first saw Duan, I was very happy. I like reading the author's book list and writing book reviews. Because when a person is writing, they are not really writing alone. The people in the story and the works they have read will sneak into your mind and write with you. If all you can think about is Jing M.Guo, you're dead. What comes out are all famous brands. If the people in your mind are Fei Ming, Zhou Er, Zhang Dai, Sima Qian and so on, then the language you come up with has a standard line, which depends on the method. At least when you write down the sentences in the translation cavity, you will try to correct them. And those excellent foreign writers have broadened their horizons when they pass on their good translations to you.

Regarding Duan, expert Jia said, "People from other eras may not have this temperament. The Tang Dynasty is really a precious period, otherwise China's literary spirit may decline earlier. " .

Regarding beauty and non-beauty, expert Jia said: There may be differences between the two. In recent years, the language environment is "plain", which is better than a small dictionary showing written language, but it is also easy for others to see the gorgeous plain and try to pretend to be plain.

As for the language, "if I say I love this country, I love more than half of the language here." Although she has suffered a lot and has been repeatedly violated, she is still elegant, meticulous and profound, full of bounce and various possibilities. "

Perhaps because of this, I can't help reading his words. Recommend it to everyone like an old woman. In fact, I don't reject any kind of experimental writing. But I prefer the style of writing that inherits the tradition of China, and I like to see the tinkling sound in the article.

Of course, Jia Xingjia's writing is not practiced overnight. This is what I feel after reading his blog for several years. The following is a vertical comparison of his articles: the first paragraph is all the early articles in his blog, and the second paragraph is what he finally appeared in "They" and "Dust". You can clearly see the changes in it, and finally there is breath and rhythm between the lines, just like the music he loves.

(1) My classmate's mother works in a pastry factory. ? In the past three years, the pastry factory has not stopped production, and no snacks have ever been listed. Where did all the cakes go? I didn't know that the pastry factory still sent eggs, cream and sugar every day. It seems to be deliberate and lax in management. When young women workers go to work, they steam a large pot of egg cakes with a smile and dig them with a spoon. They are tired of eating "recipes" that are the basis of cakes and often give them to nearby residents. Most of them have children, and their mother and son are chubby, just like in the picture.

(2) At that time, she worked in the city pastry factory, which had been out of stock for a long time, but the factory never stopped production. Where did she go? Baskets of eggs and margarine are always available, and there is still a chance to stuff them in your mouth when cooking. Sometimes omelets are steamed in aluminum pot. They also kept an old lady as a pet around the factory. As long as she does something shameful under the small window according to the password, she will be thrown some thin slices cut from the edge of the cake blank. ("they")

(1) Fifty or sixty years ago, there was a class of men who went to the city from the countryside to study and were interested in students. When they gain a firm foothold and achieve something in their careers or studies, they want to marry a room full of well-proportioned and fair-skinned female students (at least regular daughters of ordinary people). Their wish is to leave their barren homeland far behind. However, mussels always grow a little, and they will be dragged back when they are homesick. What is even harder to lose is that there may be a wife and children between the parents in my hometown. This shrewd and steady man certainly knew that this woman would come to this city sooner or later. He is not a cold and hard stone, so the vague homesickness becomes practical. At that time, such things were so boring that the narrator was too lazy to fabricate and render them.

(2) In the past, there was a generation of men who went to cities from the countryside to study and were interested in students. They stand firm, have more careers or studies, and want to get married. This time, you should be well-proportioned, fair-skinned, female students, at least girls in the city. The standard is clear and specific, because there is a contrast with the old one. They are willing to leave their barren homes, but the mussels will always grow up. When I feel homesick, I will be dragged back to shed a few tears, mostly drunk, and when I can't get hot, female students or citizens' daughters will look puzzled. If there are children besides that woman, it is even more impossible to lose them completely. The shrewd and calm man knows that he will solve these problems in the city sooner or later. He is not a cold and hard stone, so vague homesickness becomes a real worry. My mother happened to be born in that era. Since she was a student, she has seen too many such situations. It is boring, and even her wife's tongue is not in the mood to fabricate and render, because she has to talk about that quickly after finishing this. (Excerpted from Bigamy in the Dust)

The following paragraph is an excerpt from "They Are Alive" in Reading Library 1604, such as a scene in a movie, but it is an elongated story. Just like the same song, the drums began to be dense, and the last flash was gone. I want to know who this memory belongs to. Is it a cat or a person?

Demolition came like hail. His family is the fastest, and therefore won a big bonus, which is known as "understanding the times". His former neighbors regarded him as a traitor. A few weeks later, only a few lonely houses were left in the ruins, with threatening slogans written on them. In the original position of his home, half of the bedroom walls were exposed in broad daylight. On the wall, he finally found the lost cat.

Preferences are all justified. The first time I saw it was in Dongdong Gun Weibo. Earlier, I saw that he always mentioned Jia Xingjia, and I thought it was the trumpet of Dongdong gun. Regarding this book, Dongdong Gun wrote emotionally in Weibo: I sat in Starbucks and finished reading a teacher's manuscript to be published. After sighing for a while, I lifted my eyes and looked out. It is the ancient temple in Huang Chengcheng that braves the light of thieves. The words written on the wall are "Peace and Prosperity". Think of the sentence in Shihua's article, "I once again plunged into this boundless world of mortals."

And his book "Shadow" is the first "choice". After Amazon bought the electronic version, I watched the first one and went to Amway everywhere. Because he mentioned Faulkner's Wild Palm. I first read it in Kundera's Betrayed Will, and later I found the original to read it. What he considers is what choices human beings will make in the memory of sad existence and disappearance. It is meaningless for the hero in the novel to survive in the end, but he still gave up the idea of suicide. "Memory is no longer a memory if it exists outside the body, because it doesn't know what it remembers; So, when she is gone, half of her memory will be gone, and when I am gone, the whole memory will have to be terminated. Yes, he thought, between the existence and non-existence of sadness, I choose the existence of sadness. "

Kundera was particularly popular when I was in college. His pirated books are everywhere in the booth. Buy all his books and read them all. He discusses novels through music. Kundera is as red as Haruki in the village now, at least in my opinion. But after reading so much, I have been thinking about how to choose between the existence and non-existence of this pain. Just like you will be a happy pig or Socrates suffering from thinking. Buddhism pays attention to letting go and breaking hold. He will say that love is not important and there will be no wife. If you don't read the same words, there will be no pure land. I don't understand, but I think it should be comprehensive in the end. Writing, recording and reading are also a process of letting go. People often can't choose not to save, but how long can grief last? The ancients held funerals to stop their grief. Mourn for three years, don't be sad. Doing what you should do is the philosophy of China people. For people nowadays, there is too much pain to digest. Recording and reading itself is also a healing process.

At the beginning of "They", Jia Xingjia also mentioned Faulkner, which was "The Sound and the Fury": I read like a tin can, my teeth were loose, I learned to change a fluent long sentence back, and then changed it back to something that was not fluent. Three months later, I completely forgot about it, except the last sentence. They lived a miserable life.

Faulkner used his works to remind the world of his south.

Jia Hang remembered the people, homes and times he wanted to remember with his works. In the same land, we may follow him to meet and remember the people we want to remember.