We learn sports skills, why should we learn how to appreciate sports?

Second, the psychological mechanism of sports appreciation

Sports appreciation is a dynamic psychological process in which the subject freely observes the process of sports practice. In this process, perception, imagination, emotion, understanding and other psychological factors work together, and they are intertwined, complementary, induced and blended, and finally form the subject's appreciation feeling. The following psychological elements are explained separately.

perception

Perception is the first psychological element of sports appreciation, which includes two psychological processes: feeling and perception. Feeling is the reflection of individual attributes of things, and perception is the comprehensive and overall reflection of various attributes of objective things and their relationships on the basis of feeling. Only through perception can we grasp the objective things as a whole.

Objective things are always composed of many individual attributes. Without the feeling of reflecting individual attributes, there can be no perception of reflecting the whole. Similarly, the richer and more accurate the individual attributes, the more complete and correct the perception of things will be. For example, there is a difficult transshipment and "Gonggor somersault" in gymnastics competition, which was initiated by former GDR gymnast Gonggor and successfully applied to the horizontal bar movement in the world series. The whole process is as follows: the athlete starts with the hanging posture of holding the horizontal bar, then bends forward and somersaults on his legs, and then grabs the bar and swings. In the process of appreciating this action, the viewer is first required to find out its individual attributes (such as direction, route, body posture, moving parts, etc.). ) through the feeling (mainly the feeling of the eyes), and then from the perception, we can make an overall grasp of this action. At this time, if the audience can clearly see the individual attributes such as the height of the athlete's backswing, the time of pushing the hand, the speed of somersault, and the timing of grasping the bar, the understanding and understanding of this horizontal bar action will be more complete and accurate, and will not be dazzled. In fact, the feeling of any individual thing only exists as a component of perception, and there are few isolated feelings. Therefore, people usually refer to feeling and perception as perception and regard it as one of the most basic elements of sports appreciation.

(2) Imagination

Imagination is the process of reconstructing the appearance of past things in the mind and forming a new image. In sports practice, people can not only perceive what is currently acting on them and recall what they have experienced in the past, but also create new images in their minds that do not need direct perception on the basis of existing appearances. For example, a gymnast designs a new set of gymnastics movements by transforming various gymnastics movements stored in his mind. This kind of psychological activity is imagination.

Although the image produced in the process of imagination is no longer the concrete image that people have already perceived, it does not mean that imagination is not.

This is a reflection of objective reality. People who have never practiced sports or watched sports competitions will not have any figure in their imagination.

The emergence of educational action, just like a person who was born blind, will not have the color of imagination. So, imagination is not based on

Empty, but formed on the basis of people's existing knowledge and life experience, no matter how novel the imaginary image of things is.

Unique, everyone can find its roots in real life. Take "Gonggor somersault" as an example. No one could do it before Gongor. This is the result of the imagination, design and creation of Gungor himself and his coach. However, if we decompose this movement, we will find that gymnastics movements based on this movement, such as horizontal bar big loop, parallel bars split legs and bending somersault, have long been mastered by people and have appeared many times in competitions. It is on the basis of these images that Gungor has been reprocessed.

Design and create a new gymnastics image. It can be seen that imagination is not divorced from perceptual materials, but also has rational understanding factors; It is not only based on appearance, but also linked with thinking.

(3) Feelings

Emotion is a reflection of the relationship between objective things and human needs. When objective things meet or go against a certain human need.

When necessary, people will show one attitude or another, thus producing various subjective emotional experiences. Does this stuff fit people?

The attitude and experience produced by demand are called emotions in psychology. Emotions in daily life are based on people and guests.

Looking at the material relationship of things belongs to low-level emotion, while the emotion in appreciation activities is based on spiritual relationship.

For advanced emotions. For example, when watching a football match, people will be excited because their favorite team won, and they will also be excited because

Angry at the team's defeat, but also dissatisfied and indignant at the bad phenomena on the field. These subjective feelings

Emotional experience is the concrete expression of advanced emotions.

Emotion exists in the whole process of sports appreciation, and the subject of appreciation always experiences various emotions more or less.

For example, the 17 World Cup final was held between Brazil and Germany, and Brazil finally beat Germany by two pairs. Zaizheng

In this game, fans supported their favorite team with cheers, applause, slogans and other forms, and their feelings were high.

Feeling. Brazilians were ecstatic about the result of the game, while Germans were very sad. As a country different from Brazil and Germany,

For fans, they also have different emotional experiences about the result of the game, some are happy and some are sad. Therefore, in sports appreciation activities, there is a strong emotional color from beginning to end.

The function of emotion in appreciation activities lies in its extensive penetration into other psychological elements, which leads to other psychology.

Elements, and act as their intermediary and motivation. Take watching a football match as an example. When the audience saw the athletes in front of the restricted area,

When there is fierce competition along the Yangtze River, the interest in appreciation will be particularly strong, and there will be rich imagination space: what kind of offensive cooperation will the attacker take,

In order to send the ball to the opponent's door, what defensive tactics will the defender take to save the day? This kind of imagination often makes

People have great suspense and higher emotions. But in the process of appreciation, the development of emotion is not unrestrained, and understanding can control and guide emotion. Or take the football match as an example, the attacking player and the goalkeeper are one-on-one or even empty.

I missed the ball when I closed the door. In this regard, most of the audience still understand, because this is in the competition, not the usual practice, resulting in many reasons, including psychological, technical and physical problems.

(4) rationalization

Understanding is a psychological process of knowing new things by revealing the connections between things. Understanding in sports appreciation does not depend on the logical thinking form of concept, judgment and reasoning, but is closely related to psychological elements such as perception, imagination and emotion, and directly understands the rational connotation of sports practice in the process of perceptual intuition. Intuition mentioned here is not an animal-like physiological reaction with simple senses, but a feeling with high rational recognition ability, which is a rich euphoria accumulated in long-term life.

A perfect sensory ability after enjoying the experience. This is the premise and foundation of directly understanding the existence of sports beauty. For example, people have long known that high jump postures such as prone, leaping, tumbling and bracing are no longer popular, and fosbury flop is mostly adopted by excellent athletes and has set many world records. Therefore, as soon as people see the fosbury flop, they can immediately judge that it is a beautiful jumping form. With this direct perception of beauty, people can omit countless intermediate links and make accurate judgments on things with beautiful attributes.

In sports appreciation activities, perception, imagination and emotion are in a state of free and harmonious movement, and they form a complete psychological process. That is to say, in sports appreciation activities, people don't need to interrupt their feelings, stop and make some judgments and inferences, and don't need to transform sports appreciation into corresponding concepts everywhere. On the contrary, people always let their perception, imagination and emotion follow the guidance of the object of appreciation without thinking, and move freely and harmoniously. In the final pleasant feeling, there is an understanding and comprehension of rational content. For example, in the appreciation of the high jump competition, people see the horizontal bar rising slowly and the athletes passing by one by one. Whoever jumps to the end is the winner and the most beautiful. In the whole process of appreciation, people don't always think that this project aims to surpass themselves, but to declare the dignity and greatness of human beings to nature by conquering unprecedented heights.

In sports appreciation activities, in order to understand the progress of the activities, we first need the subject to take a conscious attitude towards the objects of sports appreciation.

Secondly, the subject should have knowledge and experience reserves related to the object of appreciation. For example, while enjoying the same ball game, some people are not interested at all, while others concentrate on making appropriate comments on the skills, tactics and will of the players on the field. This shows that J led Gu Mine D's appreciation of the village from several reasons to the sub-industry, while the appreciation of the former party only stayed at the perceptual stage.

Perception, imagination, emotion and understanding are the basic elements of psychological activities of sports appreciation. In the process of sports appreciation, the four elements constitute a dynamic structure of mutual restriction, mutual penetration and mutual influence. Perception permeates understanding, understanding permeates imagination and emotion, and emotion permeates imagination and understanding. In a word, perception is the basis of each element, imagination is its carrier, emotion is its motivation, and understanding is its norm, thus forming a complex relationship between them.