What are the basic points of community education skills in social work?

Community education includes not only the dissemination of knowledge and materials, but also the mobilization of the masses to participate in community affairs and learn by doing. (1) Dissemination of knowledge and materials ① The process of publicity and education A. The primary task: to establish the publicity target, and then to analyze the publicity target, design the form and content of publicity according to the characteristics of the publicity target, and regularly evaluate the effectiveness of publicity, and constantly improve the publicity plan. B. Precautions: A. The form and content of publicity should conform to the characteristics of the target audience, including their age, gender, nationality, education level and understanding of relevant information. B social workers should also realize that the publicity effect is influenced by social environment such as policies, regulations and facilities, and it is difficult to achieve ideal publicity effect without the support of social environment. 2 propaganda methods A. The key to using attractive propaganda methods is to attract the attention of the masses. Commonly used methods to attract the attention of the masses include slogans, songs, banners, street performances, propaganda vehicles, etc. Inviting celebrities or stars to attend publicity activities is also attractive. B. The information should be clear and specific, and the publicity information should be clear and easy to be understood and mastered by the masses. The goal of propaganda should be concrete, and the purpose of propaganda can be embodied through clear behavioral indicators. C. Repetitive information In order to ensure that the information to be publicized can be established among the masses, it is necessary to repeat the information. Community workers can use repetitive slogans, slogans, songs and other forms to spread information repeatedly in the community to achieve the effect of publicity. D. Multimedia promotion social workers can use different media such as words, sounds and images to spread information. Using different media to spread the information of the same theme to the masses can not only enrich the propaganda methods, but also play the role of repeating information and make the information more acceptable to the masses. E. positive publicity and negative publicity positive publicity is to create a good impression for the masses in a positive and comfortable way. The purpose of negative publicity is warning and deterrence, hoping to stop and change people's bad behavior by publicizing the possible serious consequences. Negative publicity can increase the social pressure on bad behavior by uglifying it, so as to stop it. (2) Mobilizing the education and mobilization of the masses is one of the main contents of community work, because residents' participation can strengthen residents' concern for community affairs and help enhance residents' sense of belonging to the community. (1) direct contact means direct contact between social workers and volunteers and the masses, which is direct contact between people. A. Known residents' names and contact methods If social workers already know the names and contact information of the masses before mass mobilization, they can directly contact the masses through letters, home visits and telephone contact. B. I don't know the name and contact information of the residents. If social workers don't have the name and contact information of the masses, they can contact the residents directly through other methods. The common methods are: setting up street propaganda stations, visiting from house to house, shouting outdoors, holding mass meetings and mobilizing members of existing community groups and organizations to participate. Street publicity stations are generally located in places where mobilized people often pass by and stay. When setting up publicity stations, display stands can be placed, and some leaflets can be prepared for the masses to obtain, and people with positive attitudes are encouraged to leave contact information to facilitate further contact in the future. Door-to-door visit refers to visiting every household in the residential building, briefly introducing the activities to be carried out, and inviting and encouraging the other party to participate. Social workers should carry leaflets when visiting step by step to assist oral explanations. After each visit, the other party's attitude towards participation should be recorded, and if possible, the other party's contact information should be left. Outdoor publicity refers to the publicity in the downstairs of every building in the community through hand-held loudspeakers, reminding residents of the holding time and meeting place of community activities. Holding a mass meeting is also an effective way to mobilize the masses to participate. At the conference, the masses get together and encourage each other under the atmosphere of high emotions and group pressure, which can encourage more people to participate. (2) indirect contact means that information is transmitted to the masses through mass media, exhibition stands, advertisements, brochures, posters and banners, without direct contact between people. Compared with direct contact, indirect contact requires less manpower. When the information is simple and clear, it is a low-cost and efficient method. ③ Factors to be considered in selecting mobilization methods Generally speaking, the following factors should be considered in selecting mobilization methods: a. Manpower participating in mobilization work. The more manpower there is, the more conditions there are for direct face-to-face contact, and various mobilization methods can also be used at the same time. B. whether the matter of mobilizing the masses to participate has aroused widespread concern among residents. If community residents are already concerned about the affairs they will participate in, then simple publicity and mobilization may cause a strong reaction. Otherwise, social workers must first establish a deep relationship with the masses and then promote residents' participation. C. coverage of mobilization targets. If the target of mobilization involves a wide range, indirect contact methods such as exhibition boards, advertisements, street propaganda stations and mass media are more applicable, while direct contact methods such as home visits can not effectively achieve the purpose of mobilizing the broadest masses. D. Motivations of participants. When the motivation of the mobilization object is already strong, simple mobilization methods can achieve results. If the mobilization targets are not very willing to participate, social workers need to have more face-to-face contact with them and gradually strengthen their sense of involvement in community affairs. ④ Skills of persuading the masses to participate When mobilizing the masses, social workers often encounter negative reactions from the other side. At this time, social workers can appropriately adopt the skills of persuading the masses to participate. A. Social workers can convince each other by emphasizing acquaintances' participation, mutual help and successful precedents. Emphasizing acquaintance participation means pointing out to each other that familiar neighbors have participated in community affairs; Emphasizing mutual help is to show each other that we can make progress slowly by learning from each other together; Emphasizing the successful precedent is to explain to each other through examples that participating in community affairs can improve their ability. B. I don't have time as a reason. If the mobilized people refuse to participate because they don't have time, social workers can convince each other by reducing the cost of participation. For example, they can explain to each other that participation doesn't take much time, and if they really can't get away, they can quit halfway. C. Lack of confidence due to too few participants Sometimes the mobilized people will lose confidence because of too few participants at present. Social workers can respond to each other with strategies such as appreciating each other, understanding others, trying their best to change the status quo, and being emotional. 5 Precautions A. Don't exaggerate. When mobilizing the masses, social workers should avoid making unrealistic promises or exaggerating the consequences of not participating in order to attract the masses to participate. B. it is not advisable to use insufficient force or excessive force to promote mass participation. C. pay attention to distinguish the real thoughts of the mobilized objects. In the process of mobilizing the masses, social workers often encounter the situation of "duplicity" of the mobilized objects. Social workers should gradually distinguish the real thoughts behind the superficial statements of the mobilized objects from experience. D. don't argue with residents who hold opposite opinions. The primary purpose of mass mobilization is to explore residents who are interested in and enthusiastic about community affairs and encourage them to participate.