How to write an understanding card to prevent mountain torrents?

1, write down the causes of flash floods.

Second, understand the content of the card.

1, the cause of mountain torrents:

(1) rainfall factor. Rainfall is the direct factor and excitation condition for inducing mountain torrents. The occurrence of mountain torrents is closely related to rainfall, rainfall intensity and rainfall duration. Under the specific underlying surface conditions in hilly areas, heavy rainfall, especially short-term heavy rainfall, is easy to cause mountain torrents.

(2) Topographic and geological factors. Unfavorable topographic and geological conditions are an important factor in mountain torrents. China's hilly area accounts for more than 2/3 of the country's land area, showing three steps from west to east. In the sloping land and mountain system with transitional steps and their marginal areas, the valley height difference is over 2000 meters, and the mountain slope is 30 to 50 degrees. The riverbed slope is steep, and there are many waterfalls, which are easy to form mountain torrents.

(3) Economic and social factors. Restricted by large population and little water and soil resources, in order to develop economy, resources development and construction activities in hilly areas are frequent, and human activities have caused serious interference to the surface environment, leading to or aggravating mountain torrents. Most of the residential houses in hilly areas are located in areas such as river beaches and banks, or houses are built by cutting slopes. Once flash floods occur, it is easy to cause personnel and property losses.

2, the main characteristics of mountain torrents:

(1) has strong seasonality and high frequency. Mountain torrents are mainly concentrated in the flood season, especially in the main flood season.

(2) The area is obvious and easy to occur. Mountain torrents mainly occur in mountainous areas, hilly areas and hillsides, especially in the above areas located in the center of heavy rain. When a rainstorm occurs, it is easy to form an impact surface runoff, leading to flash floods and flash floods.

(3) The situation is rapid and the disaster is rapid. Because of the high mountains and steep slopes, dense streams and rivers in hilly areas, rainfall is quickly converted into runoff, which is fast in convergence and high in velocity. It will be destroyed after a few hours of rainfall, and it is impossible to prevent it.

(4) Strong destructiveness and serious harm. Mountain torrents are often accompanied by geological disasters such as landslides, collapses and mudslides. And caused river diversion, road interruption, farmland flooding, house collapse, human and animal casualties, etc. So it is very harmful and destructive.

3. The destruction of flash floods:

(1) Mountain torrents washed away farmland, resulting in a large number of agricultural production cuts, sometimes resulting in a continuous reduction in production and income for many years.

(2) Mountain torrents caused houses to collapse, causing serious losses to people's lives and property.

(3) The town was flooded by flash floods, and the property losses of all units were very serious.

(4) Mountain torrents destroy infrastructure, causing traffic, electricity and communication lines to be interrupted.

(5) Over-standard mountain torrents often destroy water conservancy projects such as channels, bridges and culverts, and sometimes even cause dams to burst, causing great damage.

Main prevention and control measures for mountain torrents:

1, improve and implement the responsibility system for mountain flood prevention. All localities should, on the basis of thorough investigation, implement the person responsible for the prevention and control of mountain torrents for every household living in mountain torrents-prone areas, help the masses to formulate measures for the prevention and control of mountain torrents, inform the masses of early warning information of mountain torrents in time, and organize the masses to carry out disaster prevention and avoidance.

2, formulate feasible and operable mountain flood disaster prevention plan. County, township and village levels shall formulate the mountain flood disaster prevention plan, and define the early warning level, early warning information release method and responsible person; Scientifically divide the danger zone, warning zone and safety zone, and define the transfer route, resettlement place and responsible person in case of emergency.

3, strengthen the monitoring of rainfall, river water level, landslides and other projects, timely grasp the dynamic changes of mountain torrents, release early warning information in advance, and strive for the initiative of disaster prevention and avoidance.

4, to use the wall newspaper, lectures, television, radio and other forms, to strengthen the publicity and education of basic knowledge of mountain flood prevention, improve the disaster awareness and disaster prevention and avoidance ability of the whole people.