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Classification of conveyors
Conveyors with traction components generally include traction components, bearing components, driving devices, tensioning devices, steering devices and supporting components. The traction part is used for transmitting traction force, and can be a conveyor belt, a traction chain or a steel wire rope; Load-bearing members are used to bear materials, such as hoppers, supports or hangers; The driving device provides power for the conveyor, and generally consists of a motor, a reducer and a brake (car stopper). There are generally two kinds of tensioning devices: screw type and heavy hammer type, which can keep the traction parts in a certain tension and sag to ensure the normal operation of the conveyor. The supporting part is used to support the traction part or the load-bearing member, and idlers and rollers can be used.
The structure of this conveyor with traction parts is characterized in that the transported materials are loaded in the bearing parts connected with the traction parts, or directly loaded on the traction parts (such as conveyor belts), and the traction parts are connected end to end around each roller or sprocket to form a closed loop, including a loaded branch for transporting materials and an unloaded branch for not transporting materials, and the materials are transported through the continuous movement of the traction parts.
There are many kinds of conveyors, such as belt conveyor, plate conveyor, trolley conveyor, escalator, moving sidewalk, scraper conveyor, buried scraper conveyor, bucket conveyor, bucket elevator, hanging conveyor, aerial ropeway, etc.
The structure of conveyor without traction parts is different, and the working parts used to transport materials are also different. Their structural characteristics are: using the rotary motion or reciprocating motion of the workpiece, or using the flow of the medium in the pipeline to transport materials forward. For example, the working parts of roller conveyor are a series of rollers, which rotate to convey materials; The working part of the screw conveyor is the screw, which rotates in the trough to push the material to move along the trough; The working part of the vibrating conveyor is the trough, which moves back and forth to transport the materials placed in it.
In the future, the conveyor will develop to a large scale, expand the scope of use, automatically sort materials, reduce energy consumption and reduce pollution.
Large-scale includes large conveying capacity, large single machine length and large conveying inclination. The length of the hydraulic conveying device is more than 440 kilometers, and the length of a single belt conveyor is nearly 15 kilometers. A "belt conveyor" composed of multiple units has appeared to connect Party A and Party B. Many countries are exploring a more perfect conveyor structure for long-distance and large-capacity continuous transportation of materials. Expanding the application scope of conveyor is to develop a conveyor that can work in corrosive, radioactive and flammable substances at high and low temperatures and can transport hot, explosive, caked and viscous materials.
Development trend The development trend of conveyor is: ① Continue to develop to large scale. Large-scale includes large conveying capacity, large single machine length and large conveying inclination. The length of the hydraulic conveying device has reached more than 440 kilometers. The length of a single belt conveyor is close to 15km, and there are always several "belt conveyors" connecting Party A and Party B. Many countries are exploring more perfect conveyor structures for long-distance and large-capacity continuous transportation of materials. (2) Expand the application scope of the conveyor. Develop a conveyor that can work in corrosive, radioactive and flammable substances at high and low temperatures, and can transport high-temperature, explosive, caking and sticky substances. ③ Make the structure of the conveyor meet the requirements of single machine automatic control material handling system. For example, the trolley conveyor used by the post office to automatically sort parcels should meet the requirements of sorting action. ④ Reducing energy consumption to save energy has become an important aspect of scientific research in the field of transportation technology. The energy consumed in transporting 1 ton of materials to 1 km has always been regarded as one of the important indicators of conveyor selection. ⑤ Reduce dust, noise and waste gas generated by various conveyors during operation. .
Conveying machinery can be divided into:
1, bulk material conveying machinery (such as belt conveyor \ screw conveyor \ bucket elevator \ large inclination conveyor, etc.). )
(1) The belt conveyor is composed of a driving device, a tensioning device, a middle frame of the belt, and idler rollers as traction and bearing members to continuously convey loose materials or finished products.
Belt conveyor is a kind of machinery driven by friction to transport materials in a continuous way. By using it, the material conveying process from the initial feeding point to the final discharging point can be formed on a certain conveying line. It can not only transport broken materials, but also transport finished products. In addition to simple material transportation, it can also meet the requirements of technological processes in the production process of various industrial enterprises to form a rhythmic assembly line. Therefore, belt conveyors are widely used in modern industrial enterprises.
Belt conveyors are widely used in underground tunnels, mine ground transportation systems, open-pit mining sites and mineral processing plants. Used for horizontal transportation or inclined transportation.
General belt conveyor is composed of conveyor belt, idler, roller and driving, braking, tensioning, reversing, loading, unloading, cleaning and other devices.
① conveyor belt
Commonly used are rubber belts and plastic belts. The adhesive tape is suitable for the working environment temperature between-15 and 40 C. The material temperature shall not exceed 50°c, and the inclination angle for conveying granular materials upwards is12 ~ 24. Patterned adhesive tape can be used for large inclination transportation. Plastic belt has the advantages of oil resistance, acid resistance and alkali resistance, but it has poor adaptability to climate and is easy to slip and age. Bandwidth is the main technical parameter of belt conveyor.
② Roller
Single drum (the wrapping angle of the tape to the drum is 210 ~ 230), double drum (the wrapping angle reaches 350) and multi-drum (high power). There are grooved rollers, flat rollers, aligning rollers and buffer rollers. Trough idler (composed of 2 ~ 5 rollers) supports the bearing branch pipe for conveying bulk materials; Self-aligning idler is used to adjust the lateral position of the belt to avoid deviation; Buffer rollers are installed at the receiving place to reduce the impact of materials on the belt. ③ Drum
Separate the driving roller from the reversing roller. The driving roller is the main component to transmit power. Single drum (the wrapping angle of the tape to the drum is 210 ~ 230), double drum (the wrapping angle reaches 350) and multi-drum (high power).
④ Tension device
Its function is to make the conveyor belt reach the necessary tension, so as to avoid slipping on the driving roller and ensure the deflection of the conveyor belt between idlers within the specified range.
Technical advantages of belt conveyor
First of all, it runs reliably. Belt conveyors are used in many important production units that need continuous operation, such as coal transportation in power plants, bulk material transportation in iron and steel plants and cement plants, and ship loading and unloading in ports. If the machine stops on these occasions, the loss will be huge. When necessary, the belt conveyor can work continuously.
Belt conveyor has low energy consumption. Because there is almost no relative movement between the material and the conveyor belt, not only the running resistance is small (about 1/3- 1/5 of the scraper conveyor), but also the wear and damage of the goods are small and the productivity is high. These are conducive to reducing production costs.
The conveying line of belt conveyor has adaptability and flexibility. The length of the line depends on the need, ranging from a few meters short to more than 10km long. It can be installed in a small tunnel, or it can be erected over a chaotic and dangerous area on the ground.
According to the requirements of technological process, the belt conveyor can receive materials from one or more points very flexibly, and can also discharge materials from multiple points or sections. When feeding the conveyor belt at several points at the same time (such as the conveyor under the coal bunker in the coal preparation plant) or feeding the conveyor belt at any point along the length of the conveyor belt through the uniform feeding equipment, the conveyor belt becomes a main transportation trunk line.
Belt conveyor can take materials from the roadway under the coal storage yard, and can mix different materials of each pile when necessary. The material can be simply discharged from the head of the conveyor, or discharged at any point in the length direction of the conveyor belt by a plow discharger or a mobile discharger.
(2) Screw conveyor, commonly known as auger, is suitable for horizontal, inclined and vertical transportation of granular or powdery materials. The conveying distance is generally 2 meters to 70 meters according to the degree of deformity.
Conveying principle: the rotating spiral blades push the materials and are conveyed by the spiral conveyor. The force that makes the material not rotate with the screw conveyor blades is the weight of the material itself and the friction resistance of the screw conveyor shell to the material.
Structural features: The spiral blades are welded on the rotating shaft of the spiral conveyor. According to the different materials to be transported, the surface types of the blades are solid surface type, belt surface type and blade surface type. The screw shaft of the screw conveyor has a thrust bearing at the terminal in the direction of material movement, which provides axial reaction force for the screw loaded with material. When the length of the screw shaft is long, an intermediate suspension bearing should be added.
Twin-screw conveyor is a screw conveyor with two rotating shafts welded with rotating blades respectively. To put it bluntly, two screw conveyors are organically combined to form a screw conveyor.
The rotating direction of the rotating shaft of the screw conveyor determines the conveying direction of materials, but the rotating blades of the general screw conveyor are designed according to single conveying. When conveying in reverse, the service life of the conveyor will be greatly reduced. (3) The bucket elevator uses a series of continuous conveying machines which are uniformly and fixedly connected to the circular traction members to vertically lift materials.
Bucket hoist has obvious advantages such as large conveying capacity, high lifting height, stable and reliable operation and long service life. Its main performance and parameters conform to JB3926-85 vertical bucket elevator (equivalent to referring to international standards and advanced foreign standards), and the traction chain conforms to MT36-80 mine high-strength chain. This kind of hoist is suitable for conveying unpolished powder, particles and small materials. Such as: coal, cement, stone, sand, clay, ore and so on. Because the traction mechanism of the hoist is a circulating chain, it is allowed to convey materials with higher temperature (the material temperature does not exceed 250℃). Generally, the conveying height can reach up to 40 meters.
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