Background of the Syrian crisis

20 1 1 The arrest of 15 young students who scribbled anti-government slogans in public places in the southern city of Deraa in mid-March triggered anti-government protests in Syria. In response, President Assad introduced a series of reform measures, and on April 20th11,2nd1,the state of emergency imposed since 1963 was lifted. 20 1 1 The biggest protest took place on April 22nd. Since that day, the government's repression has also escalated. As of April 29th, 20 1 1 year, about 450 civilians have been killed.

20 1 1 On April 29th, 2000, the Human Rights Council adopted a resolution condemning the Syrian authorities for using deadly violence against peaceful protesters and urging the Syrian government to immediately stop all human rights violations. The resolution also requested the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to urgently send a team to Syria to investigate all suspected violations of international human rights law.

On June 30th, 2065438+0/KLOC-0, a number of opposition parties and some opposition independents inside and outside Syria announced the formation of the "National Coordinating Body for Democratic Change Forces in Syria" to unify the position of the Syrian opposition. At the same time, a new opposition organization has emerged in Syria, which, together with foreign opposition parties, aims to overthrow the current regime and reject national dialogue.

On 2011July 15, the Syrian opposition organized a demonstration. They burned down police stations, government agencies, courts and public property, and damaged railways. According to Syrian official statistics, more than 500 security personnel and soldiers died in clashes with militants.

In order to ease the domestic situation, the Syrian government convened representatives of various political factions and independent opposition figures to hold a national dialogue and consultation in July112,2065438. Although the main opposition was invited, they refused to participate. They doubted the sincerity of the government to solve the crisis through dialogue.

20 1 1 On July 25th, 2008, the Syrian Cabinet passed the draft law on political parties, with 40 articles in total. On the night of July 3 1 1, Syrian army and security forces exchanged fire with militants during their military operations against the turbulent city of Hama and Deir ez-Zor, killing at least 140 people. 20 11August1day is the first day of Ramadan for Syrian Muslims. The Syrian army launched a military operation in Hama and Deir ez-Zor the day before Ramadan, trying to contain the wave of protests before Ramadan.

The United Nations Security Council held closed-door consultations on the tension in Syria on August 2, 20 1 1, but failed to reach an agreement on the final document due to differences among all parties. The Council decided to continue consultations on this issue on August 3, 1965.

201265438+1October 3 1 UN Security Council holds an open meeting on Syria. 2065438+0265438+1On October 27th, Morocco, on behalf of the Arab League, submitted to the Security Council a draft resolution on Syria drafted by France, Britain, Germany and relevant Arab countries. That is, Syrian President Bashar al-Assad will hand over power to the vice president, and the government and the opposition will start a "serious dialogue" within two weeks at the latest and form a national unity government within two months.

Regarding the above draft, Russian Permanent Representative to the United Nations Churkin said that Russia will not support any resolution containing sanctions. Russia has invited the Syrian government and all opposition representatives to Moscow for dialogue without preconditions. China supports the Russian draft resolution on Syria, and takes note of the new text circulated by Morocco in the Security Council.