The mastermind of Ma Ri incident

The rapid development of the workers and peasants movement in Hunan has aroused the fear and hatred of local tyrants and evil gentry, illegal landlords and capitalists, Kuomintang Rightists and some reactionary officers in Hunan. From 65438 to 0927, after Chiang Kai-shek launched the "April 12th" counter-revolutionary coup in Shanghai, these people quickly gathered to launch the counter-revolutionary "Ma Ri incident" in Changsha.

Subsequently, He Jian entrusted Yu Xiangsan, a trusted military lieutenant colonel, to Hunan for specific planning. After staying in Changsha for three days, Yu Xiang got the support of Zhang Yipeng, acting chairman and director of military affairs, and selected Xu Kexiang Independent 33rd Regiment as the main force of the rebel army. Xu Kexiang is an outlaw, and he is used to the melee between warlords in the Middle East. His father fought hard by farmers in his hometown of Xiangxiang, and he hated the * * * production party. Once private Yu Xiang lured him to his official position and provoked his father's revenge. He resolutely acted as an anti-* * depth charge. On May 1927 and 17, the generals of the Rebel Army, such as Yu Xiangsan, Wang Dongyuan, Li Dianchen, Yan and Wei Zhen, held a meeting in Xu Kexiang regimental headquarters outside Xiaowumen, and decided to completely destroy the * * * production party and various revolutionary organizations by open military action, with Xu Keyang as the commander, on May 26th at 5438.

On the evening of May 1927 and 19, the troops affiliated to the rear office of Changsha No.35 Army began to stir up trouble in public and closed down the gun school where more than 10 workers were picketed. The Xu Kexiang Department of the 33rd Regiment instigated the wounded soldiers to picket and beat the workers who maintained order and made trouble unreasonably. Changsha has always been in a state of "coming events cast their shadows before them". Facing the nervous enemy, the Hunan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China (formerly the Hunan District Committee of the Communist Party of China), the Hunan Provincial Party Department of the Kuomintang and the Hunan Provincial Government took some emergency measures against counter-revolutionaries on the night of May 20th. However, because the workers and peasants' armed forces in the whole province have not been organized, the peasant self-defense forces in all counties are still in a decentralized state, and there are no reliable troops, so they are unable to stop the reactionary armed forces from attacking the revolutionary regime.

On Sunday evening, May 2 1, a shocking counter-revolutionary armed coup took place in Changsha. At about 6: 00 p.m., armed rebels with more than 1000 people under the command of Xu Kexiang suddenly attacked various revolutionary organs in Changsha. The main targets of their attacks are the Hunan Provincial Federation of Trade Unions, the Hunan Provincial Federation of Trade Unions and the Kuomintang Hunan Provincial Party School. Other revolutionary organs, such as the third branch of the Central Military and Political School, the Hunan Provincial Special Court, and the Kuomintang provincial and municipal party departments. By the morning of the 22nd, more than 70 revolutionary institutions had been destroyed and attacked. The rebels pursued Changsha all night. More than 65,438,000 Kuomintang leftists and revolutionary masses were killed. More than 40 people were arrested, but the number of people temporarily detained could not be counted. At the same time, all the local tyrants and evil gentry imprisoned were released from prison. The workers' picket and the peasant self-defense forces rose up and fought fiercely with the enemy, but because of the disparity between the enemy and ourselves, they failed to repel the enemy's attack. The counter-revolutionary event in Changsha was called "Ma Ri incident" because the telegram of 2 1 had the word "horse".

After the incident, white terror enveloped Changsha. On the one hand, they reorganized the provincial government, held a so-called joint meeting of all walks of life, set up the China Kuomintang Hunan Party Rescue Committee, and usurped the power of the party and government in Hunan Province; On the other hand, the thief shouted to catch the thief, claiming that the cause of the incident was that the provincial workers picketed and handed over the guns of the army, and the army was forced to defend itself; At the same time, electricity was used to crack down on the workers and peasants movement and the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal national revolution led by the * * Production Party, and slogans such as "rooting out thugs" and "supporting Commander-in-Chief Jiang" were posted everywhere to create counter-revolutionary public opinion. Under this cover and under the guise of martial law, counter-revolutionary massacres continued in Changsha. Not only did party member and the revolutionary masses die tragically in the slaughterhouse, but even if they had nothing to do with them, they were often in danger. For example, a carpenter in Youpu Street outside the north gate went out to work in the morning and his clothes were splashed with mud. He conveniently tore down a tattered counter-revolutionary slogan and wiped it. He was accused of "tearing up slogans by the * * * production party" and put on a show on the spot.

The bloody massacre commanded by reactionary officers occurred not only in Changsha, but also in other parts of Hunan. More than 20 counties such as Changde, Xupu, Xiangtan, Xiangxiang, Liuyang and Hengyang have successively suffered counter-revolutionary massacres. According to statistics, in the second half of Ma Ri incident, more than 10000 revolutionary people were slaughtered in the whole province.

However, some scholars believe that the general background of "Ma Ri incident" is not the key. Yang Xuedong pointed out in Biography of He Jian that "Ma Ri incident" is not a simple military rebellion, but contains many political factors. It is headed by Zhang Yipeng, with Xu Kexiang and other "Changsha Five Commanders" as the backbone, and works closely with Hunan "Left-wing League" organizations, the party and the government. On May 17 in Linxiang, the local regiment controlled by Zuoshe stopped the armed rebellion and launched a military coup against * * * in Hunan. On May 19 Yiyang and May 20, the daily German-anti-* * incident spread in Hunan. "Ma Ri incident" in Changsha marked the climax of Hunan's military coup against * *, which was pushed to the peak by the No.10 telegraph on June 14. He can't be the main backstage and culprit, but Zhang Yipeng, the chairman of Hunan Province, who was actually the highest military and political chief in Hunan at that time. What Zhang did, of course, was closely related to his protege and boss, Tang Shengzhi. Therefore, * * * AnnouncementNo. 13 puts the leader of the "Horse Night Coup (that is, Ma Ri incident)" on Tang Shengzhi's head, which is completely logical. The "Ma Ri incident" launched by the Fourth Army in the Tang Dynasty was a rehearsal and necessary preparation for the "July 15th" coup in Wuhan. "July 15th" is the inevitable trend and final outcome of the development of "Ma Ri incident".