Fencing knowledge

Fencing is the first of the three big noble sports in the world, and it is also the only single competitive Olympic event in the world that uses one-on-one equipment fighting. Daily fencing training can improve children's concentration, reaction, coordination, flexibility, flexibility, self-care ability, independent thinking and problem-solving ability, thus improving children's physical fitness and improving their learning ability and academic performance.

Students can participate in the Beijing primary and secondary fencing championships, the national primary and secondary fencing championships and international exchange competitions. Those with excellent performance can apply for the second-class athlete certificate (convenient for further study), and those with excellent performance can recommend to the Beijing team to engage in professional fencing or lay the foundation for further study and study abroad. In order to facilitate students' practice after class and parents' supervision, the preparatory activities and basic movements of each sword are preliminarily broken down as follows:

First, warm-up activities (all movements are four beats and eight beats)

1. Head movement: Clamp your waist with your feet shoulder width, move your head down, back, left and right, and then turn your head clockwise and counterclockwise.

2, elbow around the ring: feet shoulder width fingertips press the shoulder on the same side, so that the arm around the ring, and then open the arm straight, so that the arm around the ring.

3, chest expansion and vibrating arms: feet shoulder width, hands clenched flat on the chest, open back, then straighten and open back to alternately do chest expansion, arms straight up and down, cross and swing back, alternately do vibrating arms.

4, body rotation: feet shoulder-width hands flat on the chest palm down, legs stand still, waist and head turn from left to back, do it again in the opposite direction.

5. Body side exercise: feet are shoulder width apart, the palm of the left hand is attached to the outside of the thigh, the palm of the right arm is raised inward, the waist is bent and stretched 30 degrees to the left, and then do it again in the opposite direction.

6. Abdominal back movement: feet are shoulder width apart, palms of both hands are lifted forward, arms are extended backward, and then the body bends to touch the ground with fingertips for abdominal movement.

7, waist around the ring movement: feet together, hands around the waist, waist around the ring.

8. leg press lunge: Take a big step forward, with the front legs and calves bent at a 90-degree angle, the calves perpendicular to the ground and the thighs parallel to the ground. Put your arms around your knees, keep your hind legs straight, keep your hind legs upright, get straight, get off the leg press, and then switch directions with your other leg.

9. Side leg press: Take a big step to the side, bend your left foot to the ground, straighten your right leg and follow the ground, straighten your body, go down to leg press, and then switch directions with your other leg.

10, knee loop: put your legs together, put your hands on your knees, bend your knees slightly, and keep your feet still, so that your knees loop inside and outside.

1 1. Wrist and ankle: Cross your fingers on your chest and turn them clockwise and counterclockwise, and turn your left toe clockwise and counterclockwise at the same time, then change your feet once.

12. Stretching exercise: put your feet together, lean over with your fingertips close to your feet, and keep your legs straight.

Second, running and jumping practice

1, forward kick: stretch your arms to both sides, take two steps forward and kick your knees and feet as high as possible. Alternate your legs, keep your body straight, and support your knees not to bend.

2. Side kick: stretch your arms to both sides, take two steps forward, and turn your body to the side. Straighten your front legs, knees and feet, and kick from your side. After your feet fall, your body turns forward again and your legs alternate. Pay attention to keep your body straight and don't bend your knees.

3. Waist and leg: stretch your arms to both sides, take two steps forward and kick, then swing your hands to the outside and touch the same side. These two exercises alternate. Be careful not to bend your knees, swing sharply and straighten your hands. Don't reach your feet with your hands.

4. Swing your legs inward: stretch your arms to both sides, take two steps forward and kick your legs, then swing your hands inward and touch the opposite side. These two exercises alternate. Be careful not to bend your knees, swing sharply and straighten your hands. Don't reach your feet with your hands.

5, small step running: take a small step forward, squat back on the ground with your forefoot, and swing your arms at a faster frequency.

6, high leg lift: the center of gravity of the body is upright, the thighs and abdomen are preferably 90 degrees, the swing arm and leg lift should be coordinated, and the frequency should be fast.

7. Forward kick: the center of gravity of the body is upright, and the knees and feet are straight and don't bend. Kick forward as high as possible.

8. Kick back: keep your body upright, center of gravity in the middle, keep your thighs vertically downward, kick your calves backwards, try to make your hips contact with your heels, and pay attention to your swing arms.

9. Steps: Lift the front legs and thighs, try to move forward, push the back legs forward and stay in the air for a short time. Pay attention to the swing arm and hind legs.

10, stride left and right: the front leg takes a big step to the side, and the rear leg leans forward to exert force, alternating left and right to keep the balance between the center of gravity and the body.

1 1, sideslip step: move your feet to both sides separately, and don't let your hind feet exceed your front feet. Keep your upper body relaxed by stretching your arms during the movement, and pay attention to staying in the air for a long time.

12. Cross step: the feet move laterally apart, (1) the hind foot crosses the front foot in front of the body, and the front foot immediately keeps up with the standing level, (2) the hind foot crosses the front foot in the back side of the body, and the front foot immediately keeps up with the standing level and moves forward alternately. Pay attention to the small pace and fast frequency, and turn the hip joint.

13. Hip high-five: When you step forward, first lift your left knee, straighten your foot, and high-five your hands under your hips. Replace your legs, keep your body straight and raise your legs as high as possible.

14, punch and touch your face: step forward and touch your face with both hands. The left arm punches forward, and the right palm touches the face. When the left arm retracts and touches the face with the palm of your hand, the right arm punches alternately, paying attention to the coordination of hands and feet. Keep your arms straight when you punch, and use your palms when you touch your face.

15, cross and touch your feet four times: when running forward in small steps, touch your right foot with your left hand in front of you, and then touch your left foot with your right hand. Then touch your right foot behind your back with your left hand and touch your left foot with your right hand. Alternately, pay attention to the stability of the center of gravity, coordinate hands and feet, and run and jump in small steps.

16, split leg jump: first, separate your feet and jump forward with your arms drooping. After landing, put your feet together and keep your arms straight. When you jump forward again, spread your feet apart, stretch your arms over your head and high-five. After landing, put your feet together and stretch your arms. Alternately, pay attention to rhythm and hand-foot coordination.

Third, the grip of the sword (taking the handle of the gun as an example)

1. Epee and Foil: The score is mainly jab. At present, athletes in various countries mainly use the grip of the sword, and the hilt is divided into left and right types. Holding the sword mainly depends on the thumb and forefinger to control the tip of the sword. The thumb and forefinger are required to hold the hilt slightly, and the middle finger, the ring finger and the little finger press the hilt, so that the grip method is close to the center line of the palm root and the wrist maintains a certain tension, which is beneficial to controlling the action of the sword.

2. Sabre: the score mainly comes from stabbing and chopping, and the handle is divided into left and right. The thumb and the first knuckles of the index finger hold the sword slightly, and the first knuckles of the middle finger, the ring finger and the little finger are placed under the hilt, naturally distributed and arranged. The bottom of the hilt is close to the outside of the palm root, and there is a gap between the palm and the hilt, and the wrist is slightly upright and everted when holding the sword. Don't hold it too tightly, just relax naturally.

Fourth, fencing etiquette

Fencing competition pays attention to politeness, pays tribute to each other before the competition, and pays tribute to the coach, referee and audience. Fencing salute usually includes three actions:

1, stand at attention at the starting line, turn around and stand sideways, with feet at right angles, heels against each other, arms straight at an angle of about 45 degrees to the body, and toes pointing to the ground;

2. Bend your arms, with the tip of your sword pointing upward and your hand guard close to your lips;

3. Stretch your arm to straighten the sword, point to the saluter, and then withdraw the sword.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) rules and fractions

Relatively speaking, foil is more athletic and sabre is the fastest, while epee needs more skills and accuracy.

1. epee: The weight is 770 grams, and the effective pressure of the stab reaches more than 750 grams, so the scoring area is effective all over the body. Unlike foil and sabre, you will get points for every effective hit. If both sides hit each other within a quarter of a second, each side will get one point.

2. Foil: the weight is 500 grams, and the effective pressure of the thorn reaches more than 500 grams. The scoring area is the part of the trunk covered with metal clothes. Foil competition pays attention to the right of active attack, and whoever attacks first will score. The attacked person needs to make effective resistance before attacking and hitting, and both sides cannot score at the same time. One side attacks first, and the other side hits the other side's sword (counterattack) and hits the effective part of the other side. Although both lights are on, the one who fights back scores. If the light is white, the target is an invalid part.

3. Sabre: It weighs 500 grams and can be split and stabbed. The scoring area is the upper body (except the hand), which is mainly divided into many points by splitting. Sabre competition also pays attention to the right to take the initiative to attack, and whoever attacks first will score. The attacked person needs to make effective resistance before attacking and hitting, and both sides cannot score at the same time.

Note: Sabre is easy to make mistakes: (1) There should be no cross step in the forward attack (the hind foot should not exceed the heel of the front foot); ② Stop the attack. Sabre pays attention to thumb pressing and sword hitting. You can't lift it and swing it down to hit it. This action is called stopping the attack, and the score is invalid. If the lights are on at the same time, the opponent will be awarded points.

Sixth, the actual combat posture (taking the right hand as an example)

1, legs open, shoulder width. Right foot in front and open to the right, right toe straight forward, left foot behind, feet perpendicular to 90 degrees? Heels are in a straight line.

2. Keep your lower body still, turn right and face the attack direction. The trunk and shoulders on one side are on the same vertical plane as the tip, forearm and upper arm as far as possible. The knee joint of the right leg is perpendicular to the tip of the right foot, and the knee joint of the left leg is perpendicular to the left toe. Bend your knees and squat down with your legs at 90 degrees? The center of gravity is pressed down, the center of gravity of the body is located between the feet, and the arm holding the sword is punched from the torso.

3. The shoulders are naturally relaxed, the trunk is naturally straight, slightly matched with the chest and abdomen, the head is turned sideways, and the eyes are fixed on the position of the tip of the sword.

4. The non-grasping swordsman (back hand) of epee can be lifted at the side or naturally drooped and relaxed; Foil non-swordsman (backhand) should be lifted on the side of the body and must not block the effective scoring part of the trunk. The non-sword-wielding hand (back of hand) with sabre should naturally hang under the metal coat.

Actual combat posture is easy to make mistakes:

1, feet are not straight, knees are buckled, and the distance between feet is too long or too short;

2. The trunk is not straight forward or the back is tense;

3. The swordsman's elbow abduction, wrist bending, forearm, upper arm, trunk and shoulder are not on the same longitudinal plane, which makes the opponent have a large contact surface and difficult to defend.

Seven, the basic footwork

1 Step forward:

Tilt the front toe, swing the lower leg forward and move one foot. The heel first touches the ground, then transitions to the whole foot, and the distance on the back heel falls to the ground at the same time as the front toe. Pay attention to the back foot moving forward from the ground, don't mop the floor, the body's center of gravity will shift between your feet without jumping.

Step back:

Lift your heels, put your toes on the ground, move one foot backwards, and then touch the ground with all your feet; At the same time, the front foot pushes forward with the whole foot, one foot moves backward, and then lands with the whole foot; The center of gravity of the body shifts between the feet without jumping.

3. lunge:

Action essentials: reach out first, then leave your feet, and then stick your feet to the ground. Extend the arm holding the sword first, and then extend the front toe. At the same time, with the knee joint as the axis, the front heel is close to the ground and the front calf is extended forward. When the front leg swings forward and the knee joint is not completely straight, the thigh stretches forward actively under the drive of the front leg swing, and the center of gravity moves forward accordingly. As the center of gravity moves forward, the hind foot pushes the buttocks with the whole foot. Before the forefoot hits the ground, the hind legs are fully extended, but the hind feet cannot leave the ground. When the front foot touches the ground, the heel touches the ground first, and then the whole foot touches the ground. As the center of gravity moves forward, the calf is vertical to the ground, the thigh is almost parallel to the ground, and the hind leg is straight. The hind foot was scratched by the ground and could not be turned outwards. At the same time, the arm that does not hold the sword swings backwards to keep the body balanced. Complete the lunge position. When lunge returns to the actual combat posture, the hind legs bend and the front feet pedal at the same time, so that the trunk and center of gravity move back and return to the actual combat posture.

Eight, training matters needing attention

1, you can take part in training half an hour after meals, and you can supplement a small amount of water between trainings;

2. Training requires wearing loose sportswear and non-slip sports shoes;

3. It is forbidden to play with swords in the venue. When holding a sword under the kendo, you need to wear hand guards and the tip of the sword is facing down;

4. Watching and waiting for the competition should be at a distance of 1 m from the competition kendo.

Because the follow-up movements of all kinds of swords are slightly different, the coaches of all kinds of swords will give detailed lectures in the training class, so parents can supervise their children to practice the basic knowledge at home according to this decomposition, and cooperate with skipping rope to increase their leg strength and wrist flexibility, so don't rush to be greedy and practical.

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