What are the basic characteristics of plant quarantine?

Plant quarantine has many characteristics, but the most basic and important thing is its macro-foresight. Through the collected epidemic situation, the list of dangerous pests and diseases in the forbidden area was screened and published to prevent artificial introduction into the protected area. In the past decades, the connotation of plant quarantine has changed greatly, but the nature of foresight has not changed. No matter which country or region, the laws and regulations on plant quarantine are varied and ever-changing, but they all have the same purpose of1* *, that is, to protect the safety of domestic agricultural and forestry production and develop domestic production as the highest interest, which is unchanged, which requires macro and scientific foresight. "Prevention first, comprehensive management" is the policy of plant protection in China, and plant quarantine is a powerful measure of this policy. Through the implementation of plant quarantine, the introduction and spread of dangerous sexually transmitted diseases, insects, weeds and other harmful organisms are effectively prevented, and the safety of agricultural production is protected.

Generally speaking, 1 species of dangerous pests and diseases can only attract the attention of the competent authorities when they appear in agricultural and forestry production and cause losses, which is the law of understanding nature. For example, Hyphantria cunea is 1 species, which is a quarantine pest that seriously harms forests, fruits, agriculture and silkworms, and is listed in the List of Quarantine Species and Quarantine Objects of Entry-Exit Plants issued by the Ministry of Foreign Trade of China on February 22nd. From June 65438 to June 0979, the American white moth was discovered for the first time in nine cities and counties in the border areas of Liaoning Province, such as Dandong and Kuandian, and the mayor of Dandong personally participated in the activities to extinguish the American white moth. 1On August 9, 983, the government of China and the government of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea concluded the China-DPRK Agreement on Plant Quarantine and Crop Pest Control in Pyongyang, and China's products exported to or imported from the Democratic People's Republic of Korea are not allowed to carry the American white moth. So as to control that spread of Hyphantria cunea.

Another example is rice weevil, which is a quarantine pest and seriously harms rice. In June1986 65438+1October 18, China issued the list of quarantine objects of imported plants with rice weevil. The rice water weevil was first discovered in April 1988 in two counties of Tangshan City, Hebei Province, with an area of * * * 15000 hectares. In February of that year, the provincial people's government issued a document, delineating the epidemic area. 1989 has been extended to 37,000 hectares of paddy fields in five counties of Tangshan 1 area, and then introduced to Tianjin Qinghe Farm and some counties (districts) in Tianjin. In theory, the natural diffusion of American adults is 16 kilometers per year, and it was 20 ~ 30 kilometers per year when Japan first invaded. The distance between Beijing and Tianjin is only 100 km. When pests are detained in the capital, the vast number of plant protection and quarantine workers are monitoring at any time. Our city participated in the joint inspection and defense activities in Hebei Province. In the past eight years, due to the blockade of epidemic areas, emergency treatment and close monitoring, it has not been found in Beijing at present.

The above two cases show that without foresight, there is no quarantine.

2. Legality

Compared with agricultural control, chemical control and biological control, some people say that plant quarantine is called regulatory control. Without quarantine, there is no legal system, and laws and regulations are the guarantee for completing quarantine. Therefore, legitimacy is also the most basic and important feature of 1 in plant quarantine. Quarantine is not only a problem of agriculture and plant protection technology, but is essentially produced in the struggle between 1 nation and nature and human beings for survival and development. Without legal protection, it is impossible to win the struggle.

1934, China began to set up import and export plant quarantine institutions. 1937, Japanese imperialism invaded China, and the plant quarantine agency was forced to stop work. At this time, the dangerous disease sweet potato black spot was introduced into Liaoning province from Kyushu, Japan, and then spread to the whole country. Especially in the north, sick potatoes cause seedbeds and pits to rot, cows are poisoned by eating sick potatoes by mistake, and people eat sick potatoes, panting and worrying. How important quarantine and the rule of law are.

The legal system is also manifested in the cooperation of some corresponding laws, which can smoothly carry out plant quarantine. For example, Article 20 of the Provisional Regulations on the Quality Management of Crop Seeds in Beijing, which came into effect on July 1987, stipulates that "seed quarantine shall be implemented in accordance with the Regulations on the Quarantine of Import and Export Animals and Plants in People's Republic of China (PRC), the Regulations on Plant Quarantine and the relevant regulations of Beijing". Another example is the document "Joint Notice on Quarantine of Domestic Mailing and Consignment of Plants and Plant Products" issued by the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries, the Ministry of Forestry, the Ministry of Railways, the Ministry of Communications, the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications and the National Civil Aviation Administration in August 1983, which stipulates that postal, civil aviation, railway and transportation departments at all levels shall, when receiving, sending and dispatching plants and plant products, rely on the original plant quarantine certificate within the effective period to go to Lhasa Post Office thousands of miles away. The authoritative power of the legal system is embodied in Buddhist holy places and ancient frontier cities. Legitimacy, the legal provisions made in different production development periods in 1 area have changed. In the past 40 years, internal inspection has been weakened by interference. Now, China is revitalizing and developing its economy through opening to the outside world, not by abolishing quarantine, but by strengthening the legal system. For example, 199 1 10 The 22nd meeting of the 7th the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) passed the People's Republic of China (PRC) Entry-Exit Animal and Plant Quarantine Law, which revised the number of dangerous pests and weeds from 6 1 to 84. 1May 992 13 the State Council issued the Regulations on Plant Quarantine by Decree No.98, and the list of quarantine objects for the first internal inspection was revised from 16 to 32.

The legal system is not only for detecting pests and diseases, but also for people, and it is to limit the behavior of carrying harmful organisms artificially. So some "checkpoints" have been set up. Checkpoints are aimed at epidemic areas, not checkpoints everywhere. After the task of blocking the epidemic area is completed, the checkpoint will be cancelled. In the process of law enforcement, some contradictions will inevitably appear. The problem is that internal inspectors should master the spirit of inspection and service. "Service" is the purpose, "inspection" is the means, and "service" is empty without "inspection". The key is the means, which are used well, served well, used badly and served poorly. This requires the joint efforts of the competent authorities and plant inspection agencies to create a new situation of 1 quarantine and handle the relationship between customs supervision and service.

3. Standardization of inspection technology

Inspection of quarantine objects is a "hard measure" and an indispensable means to complete the task of plant inspection. This means is legal and has legal effect. It is not aimed at consignors (quarantine units), but to control plant inspection institutions. Article 11 of the Regulations on Plant Quarantine stipulates that "the plant quarantine organ shall carry out quarantine at the place of origin". What diseases and pests should each plant check? What kind of plots and seedlings do you choose? How to deal with soil and seedlings? How to control pests and diseases in breeding base? What methods are used for field and indoor inspection? How many samples should I take? All quarantine work of this healthy seedling in the production process is called origin quarantine (hereinafter referred to as "production inspection"). After passing the inspection, the Certificate of Origin Quarantine will be issued. Health inspection is the law enforcement behavior and code of conduct of plant inspection institutions, which is unified throughout the country and issued and effective by state authorities. Since 1985, the Ministry of Agriculture has put forward eight kinds of agricultural plants that should be tested, which were released by the State Bureau of Technical Supervision and announced to the public. These quarantine rules of origin are unified throughout the country and promulgated by the State Bureau of Technical Supervision. Quarantine institutions at all levels should conscientiously implement quarantine according to these rules.

Article 17 of the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Regulations on Plant Quarantine (Agricultural Part) stipulates that "plant quarantine institutions at all levels shall, in accordance with the plant quarantine regulations formulated by the state and local governments, carry out quarantine inspection on seed farms, seed farms, nurseries and other breeding bases within their jurisdiction, and the relevant units or individuals shall give necessary cooperation and assistance." Production inspection means that the plant inspection agency provides the first service for the owner before the seedlings are transported. The place of origin may be in Beijing or other places. Sometimes, the plant inspection agency of the transfer-in place will send people to the place of origin to conduct on-the-spot investigation with the plant inspection agency of the transfer-out place and the consignors of both parties. Through production inspection, healthy seedlings were obtained and the circulation of seedlings was accelerated.