Occupational safety and health education system, occupational safety and health management system

The Labor Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) clearly stipulates that the employing unit shall "educate the workers on labor safety and health". The safety education of the employer is an important way to implement the employer's policy, realize safe and civilized production, improve the safety awareness and quality of employees, prevent unsafe behaviors and reduce human errors. First of all, its importance lies in improving the sense of responsibility and consciousness of employers' managers and employees to do a good job in occupational safety and helping them correctly understand and learn occupational safety and health laws, regulations and basic knowledge. Secondly, it can popularize and improve employees' safety technical knowledge and enhance employees' safety operation skills, thus protecting the safety and health of themselves and others and promoting the development of productivity.

1995165438+1October 8th, the Ministry of Labor promulgated the Regulations on the Administration of Labor Safety and Health Education for Enterprise Employees (No.405 issued by the Ministry of Labor [1995]), which made specific provisions on the safety education of employees in production posts, the safety education of managers and the organization and management. The forms of safety education generally include: occupational safety and health education for managers, occupational safety and health education for special operators, occupational safety and health education for employees and regular occupational safety and health education. The legal representative, factory director and manager of the enterprise shall mainly implement the national guidelines, policies, laws, regulations and relevant rules and regulations on occupational safety and health; Laws and regulations on industrial injury insurance; Safety production management responsibilities, enterprise occupational safety and health management knowledge and safety culture; Education on accident cases and emergency measures. Safety education time is not less than forty hours.

The education content of enterprise occupational safety and health management personnel should include: national guidelines, policies, laws, regulations and occupational safety and health standards; Enterprise safety production management, safety technology, occupational health knowledge and safety documents; Laws and regulations on industrial injury insurance; Statistical reports on employee casualty accidents and occupational diseases and investigation and handling procedures; Related accident cases and emergency treatment measures. Safety education time is not less than 120 hours.

The contents of occupational safety and health education for professional and technical cadres of other management leaders of enterprises (including functional department leaders and workshop leaders) mainly include: occupational safety and health guidelines, policies, laws and regulations; Safety production responsibility system; Typical accident case analysis; Knowledge of system safety engineering; Basic knowledge of safety technology. Safety education time is not less than twenty-four hours.

The contents of occupational safety and health education for team leaders and safety officers include: knowledge and skills such as occupational safety and health laws and regulations, safety technology, occupational health and safety culture, risk factors and safety precautions in enterprises, teams and groups and some positions; Safety production responsibilities of this position; Typical accident cases and accident rescue and emergency treatment measures, etc. Safety education time is not less than twenty-four hours. Special operations refer to operations that are prone to casualties in the process of labor and have great harm to the operator himself, especially to the safety of others and surrounding facilities. Personnel engaged in special operations are called special operations personnel. According to the State Economic and Trade Commission's Administrative Measures for Safety Technical Training and Assessment of Special Operators (Order 13), the scope of special operations includes: electrical work; Metal welding and cutting operations; Operation of hoisting machinery (including elevators); Driving enterprise motor vehicles; Climbing and erection operations; Boiler operation (including water quality test); Pressure vessel operation; Refrigeration operation; Blasting operation; Mine ventilation operations (including gas inspection); Mine drainage operations (including tailings dam operations); Other operations proposed by the comprehensive management department of production safety of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government or the competent department of industry in the State Council and approved by the State Economic and Trade Commission.

Special operators must be trained and educated in safety technology and operation skills before taking up their posts, so as to enhance their awareness of safety production and prevent casualties caused by lack of safety education and necessary skills training. Therefore, the State Economic and Trade Commission implements a unified national training program, unified examination materials and unified certificate system for the training of special operations personnel. Before working independently, special operators must receive special safety technical training and obtain certificates before taking up their posts. The safety technical examination for special operators includes two parts: the safety technical theory examination and the practical operation skill examination, with practical operation skills as the main part. The operation certificate of special operations personnel is uniformly printed by the state and issued by the administrative department at or above the prefecture level (f 1), which is common throughout the country. Those who have obtained the operation certificate of special operators shall be reviewed once every two years. Failing to review on schedule or failing to pass the review, the operation certificate will automatically become invalid. The occupational safety and health education for employees by employers mainly includes three forms: three-level education before new employees take up their posts, "four innovations" education, post change education and regular education.

1995 the regulations of the Ministry of labor on the management of labor safety and health education for enterprise employees put forward the requirement that "new employees in enterprises must receive three-level safety education at factory level, workshop level and V team level before taking up their posts". The duration of higher education shall not be less than forty hours. Factory-level safety education is the responsibility of the director in charge of the enterprise, and the occupational safety and health management department of the enterprise shall organize and implement it jointly with relevant departments. The contents should include occupational safety and health laws and regulations, basic knowledge of general safety technology, occupational safety and health culture, occupational safety and health laws and conditions of enterprises, labor discipline and related accident cases. Workshop-level occupational safety and health education is organized and implemented by workshop leaders, assisted by full-time or part-time safety officers in the workshop, including workshop overview, occupational safety and health status and rules and regulations, main risk factors and safety matters, main measures to prevent industrial accidents and occupational diseases, typical accident cases and emergency treatment measures. The occupational safety and health education at the team level shall be organized and implemented by the team leader, including compliance with rules and regulations, post safety operation procedures, occupational safety and health matters involving job cohesion and coordination among posts, typical accidents and emergency measures to be taken after accidents, performance of labor protection articles (appliances) and correct use methods. New employees of the enterprise must pass the three-level safety education and practical training according to the regulations, and can only take up their posts after passing the examination.

The Regulations on the Administration of Labor Safety and Health Education for Enterprise Employees clearly points out: "When enterprises implement new technologies or use new equipment and materials, they must carry out relevant targeted safety education for relevant personnel"; "Enterprise employees adjust their jobs or leave their jobs; When the post is transferred for more than one year, the corresponding workshop-level or team-level safety education must be carried out. " Therefore, before the new process, new technology, new equipment and new products are put into production, it is necessary to educate and train the post workers and relevant personnel involved in the operation in accordance with the new safety operation regulations, so that they can understand the safety performance and safety technology of the new process, new equipment and new products to meet the safety requirements of the new post operation; When the employees of the employing unit are transferred from one post to another, or from one type of work to another, or return to their posts after a long vacation of more than one year, the employing unit must carry out corresponding safety technical training and education, so that it can master the characteristics and requirements of safety production in this post. No matter what kind of education, it is impossible once and for all. The same is true of occupational safety and health education, which must be carried out unremittingly. This is a routine occupational safety and health education. In conventional safety education, the education of safety thoughts and attitudes is the most important. To carry out safety education, we should take various forms and safety activities to stimulate the enthusiasm of employees to do a good job in safety production, and urge employees to pay attention to and truly realize safety production. The forms of regular safety education include: explaining safety precautions at the meeting before work every day; Safety activity day; Safety production meeting; Accident site meeting; Put up safety production posters, publicity slogans and signs.

Occupational safety and health management system-