Features of Cantonese Opera Museum

Cantonese Opera Quyi is a local opera with the most local characteristics in Guangdong, Guangxi and the Pearl River Valley, which is widely loved by the masses and has a history of hundreds of years. From Baise in Youjiang, Longzhou in Zuojiang, to the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the upper reaches of the Pearl River, and then to the Pearl River Delta, almost every county, city, town and dock along the coast has a history of performing Cantonese opera, especially in the Pearl River Delta. In the past century, with the overseas migration of Chinese, Cantonese opera has been performed in many foreign countries, such as the United States, Canada, Europe, Australia, Singapore and Malaysia. Because their mother tongue is Cantonese, and Cantonese Opera Quyi is an art form that can express their feelings in their mother tongue most artistically. Therefore, Cantonese opera has become an emotional bond and spiritual home for people of all ethnic groups who can speak or like Cantonese at home and abroad. When this ethnic group collides and blends with various national cultures, languages, customs and emotions, and when they want to find out their origins and roots, Cantonese opera is the best cultural knowledge and the ultimate spiritual destination. It is precisely "Cantonese opera is the most comforting local accent when young people leave home". The genes in their blood are displayed, displayed and treasured in Dongguan Cantonese Opera Museum.

Drama is the most comprehensive art in the world, especially China's dramatic quyi, which combines all the past art forms and plays the role of music, poetry, art and other art forms under the guidance of drama. In the eyes of the Greeks, drama art is a bridge between heaven and earth, and a link between God and man. In China, except for a few dramas about gods, most of them show history, (unofficial history), folklore and folk customs. In the early days of liberation, when Deng Xiaoping was in charge of the Southwest Bureau, he often enjoyed Sichuan Opera performances. And invited a large number of cadres stationed in Sichuan to watch together. He said to the cadres stationed in Sichuan: "If you want to do a good job in Sichuan, you must understand the customs of Sichuan and learn to understand Sichuan opera. If you don't understand Sichuan opera and don't watch performances, there will be no cultural performances. " Premier Zhou Enlai compared Cantonese opera to "southern red beans". I think this not only shows that Cantonese opera is as dazzling as red beans, but also expresses the lovesickness between Cantonese opera and the vast number of Cantonese nationalities.

The biggest feature of "Dongguan Cantonese Opera Museum" is to introduce more contributions made by Cantonese opera people from Dongguan to the development and inheritance of Cantonese opera art in the history of Cantonese opera. For more than a hundred years, in the field of Cantonese opera, Dongguan Cantonese opera singers, musicians, directors and media promotion have made great contributions. It can be said that talents come forth in large numbers. For example, Daojiao, learning from other people's strengths, created a unique record in the history of Cantonese opera, with 367 performances in a row and a full house, winning the reputation of "emotional monk". Hua Dan Chu, who performed with He Tongtai, is also from Dongguan. In addition, Chen Yannong, a famous actress who is famous for being both civil and military, is also a Taoist. He practiced lightness skill since he was a child. In the 1940s, he played Hua Dan with his new partner, and performed plays such as Overlord at Sea. Wearing high-heeled boots, Chen Yannong stepped on the overlapping clay pots on the stage. She stepped on the casserole in the middle row at a time, and stepped on two overlapping casserole in the other row at a time, playing the northern faction, singing and doing, and none of the casserole was broken. The audience was very excited and applauded. I think, at this moment, it is worse than "Beske" in ballet. There are Lu,,, Liang Rong, Zhong Zhuofang, Yuan, Li Songpo, Ding Gongxing,,, Ye Furuo, Lun Youwei, Deng Danping, Lin Yangying, Chen Jinxin, Zhang Deming, Luo Chuhua, Chen Jianfeng and Zhang Xiong, all of whom are introduced in the showcase on the second floor.

Due to the large number of Dongguan citizens who participated in the interpretation of Cantonese opera, many Cantonese opera families emerged. At the opening ceremony, the Chen Xiaofeng family laughed the most happily. At the opening ceremony, Mr. Chen made a touching speech, which touched all the audience. He led a family of more than 65,438+00 people (all famous people in Cantonese opera) to show his family members Chen Tianzong, Chen Xiaofeng, Chen Zhongjian, Chen Wanhong, Chen Wanzhong, Chen Xiaocha, Chen Xiaohua, Chen Wanqian, their spouses and children, and happily described the past stage scenery to the audience. Some Cantonese opera lovers seized this rare opportunity and came forward to ask for a group photo with Chen Lao. Huang Jimou, a Cantonese opera family, also came to the showcase with his son and nephew, and introduced his fathers Huang Bujue and Huang Zhuangmou, who have devoted their lives to Cantonese opera music, and their families. I was deeply touched by the text introduction, pictures and objects in the showcase. As early as the beginning of last century, Daojiao Yeshi shed became famous in Guangzhou and Nanyang. Now, although his predecessors died young, Ye Dicai's cotyledon, also known as "first-hand material" at that time, did it, and came to the showcase on the opening day to show visitors the past grand occasion of Ye Jiapeng.

Dongguan Cantonese Opera Quyi not only created a glorious past, but also created impressive achievements today. Later, it was passed down from generation to generation, creating a gratifying situation. At the turn of the century, our province was rated as five "Hometowns of Chinese Quyi", and Dongguan occupied Daojiao and Mayong. Chang 'an, Humen, Guancheng, Cheng Nan, John Wan, Shilong, Dongcheng, Da Lang, Houjie, Shipai, Chashan and Wangniudun have all established amateur Cantonese Opera Quyi clubs (teams). About the whole city. More than 300 games, about 6000 people participated. During the holidays every year, various towns and districts also invite Guangdong and Guangxi Cantonese Opera professional groups to perform in Dongguan, so there are also some Cantonese Opera circles. "Dongguan has supported many Guangdong and Guangxi Cantonese opera troupes". It is these amateur Cantonese opera groups that have made gratifying achievements for the cause of Cantonese opera and Quyi in Dongguan. Chang 'an's small Cantonese opera Love in Xixiang won the bronze medal in the 11th China Population and Culture Award. 200 1 2002, Siyuan, a large-scale modern Cantonese opera, was invited by China Dramatic Literature Association to perform in the Great Hall of the People, becoming the first amateur troupe in China. The play won the "Special Performance Award", "Excellent Script Award" and "Excellent Planning Award" awarded by China Drama Literature Society. In 2003, the small Cantonese opera "Sign of Life and Death" in Daojiao Town won the "Gold Award of the First Boxing International Small Opera Art Festival in China". In 2004, he won the 13th National Stars Award for Excellence in Hangzhou. The Cantonese opera "Little Yue Yun Joins the Army" won the 7th China Children's Drama Silver Flower Award. Now there are Cantonese Opera Quyi cultural activities in Dongguan. Formed a professional and amateur at the same time, stage deduction and self-entertainment, the whole society * * * with the participation, unprecedented in the history of Cantonese opera, so that Cantonese opera art can be widely popularized and improved. In the exhibition hall on the second floor, all these have been fully promoted, so that every visitor can be excited and proud of Dongguan's booming and fruitful Cantonese opera art.

In many museums around the world, most of them are based on the concepts of history-oriented, people-oriented and evidence-based. Dongguan Cantonese Opera Museum is no exception. It is dominated by the brilliant achievements of Cantonese opera from its original form to today, and is composed of characters running through this main vein, and then supported by physical objects in different periods. Let every audience have to admire, understand and accept the physical evidence in front of them. When you enter the Cantonese Opera Museum, the first step is to come to an illustrated showcase. The pictures, figures, wooden fish books, dragon boat songs and lifelike puppets in the showcase let you know the brief history of the formation of Cantonese Opera. And tell you the establishment process of "Bahe Club" with a rubbings of "Waijiang Liyuan Club Monument". It is particularly worth mentioning that in the fourth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (1854), Li, a disciple of Red Boat in Foshan Phoenix Musical Instrument Class, led Cantonese opera artists to unite with Chen Kai, the leader of the Heaven and Earth Society, and the influence caused by the uprising in Foshan and other places. He wrote a brilliant chapter in the history of China, especially in the history of China opera. Tian Han, a famous dramatist, praised Li Uprising as "an unprecedented shining model in the history of world drama". Later, around the Revolution of 1911, the revolutionaries headed by Dr. Sun Yat-sen joined hands with the progressives of Cantonese Opera, taking Cantonese Opera as the position, and set off a huge drama reform activity, which played a social effect of fueling anti-feudalism and promoting democracy. During the Anti-Japanese War, Dongjiang Column Troupe promoted War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression in the form of drama. Mobilize the masses to reduce rent and interest. A lot of work has been done to establish a democratic regime. Seeing this series of introductions shows that Cantonese Opera Quyi keeps pace with the times and should play a role in the historical process.

These artistic categories, such as Muyu Song, Dragon Boat, Prynne and Nanyin, should be the factors for the formation of Cantonese Opera. He recorded the Chinese nation, and from the beginning of written records, "rhyme" text, a specific form used for chanting and singing, came into being. He raised the static symbol with form and meaning to a space-time art form with sound expression and flow. Our ancestors wrote a tune with four tones in Chinese. Rhyme forms sentence patterns, from Gong, Shang, Ba, Jiao and Yu to He, Shi, B, Shang, Chi, Gong, Xie and other elements, forming a fixed board with different length and speed, forming an ever-changing tune. Or use positive and negative lines. So as to achieve a more musical, moving, beautiful and artistic expression than the narrative in ordinary life. Formed a folk art such as Muyu Song, Dragon Boat, Prynne and Nanyin. Drama is a combination of the above and more different artistic elements, and then some artists, they are born, born, clean, ugly and finally, put on beautiful clothes. With the cooperation of scenery, lighting, sound, etc. In the form of singing, reading, doing and dancing, * * * interprets the story of human joys and sorrows, intricacies, twists and turns, clear distinction between good and evil, karma, heaven and earth, life and death, which may be the charm of this TV series.

Dongguan Cantonese Opera Museum has a collection of Muyu books, dragon boats, Prynne, Nanyin, etc. carved by many bookstores in Guangfo and Dongguan since Tongzhi two years ago. Holding these "fragile" singing songs, I don't know how many artists have read and sung them, and I don't know how many listeners have been touched. I just feel that the artistic charm in singing songs is so deep and the historical accumulation is so long that I have a sense of sacredness. Drama is drama. In the past, most opera artists had a high level of education, and they learned drama by rote memorization and master's dictation. In the past, Master held an outline and taught the actors to wear strings one by one to match the "canopy" in the play. This is the so-called "outline play" of "see you on the stage". In the He showcase on the second floor of the museum, the manuscript of He's "Drama Outline" was exhibited. Even if you don't know drama, the beautiful Liu Ti characters written by him with a brush can impress you with the charm of his calligraphy. With the maturity and development of Cantonese opera, the performance script has also begun to be standardized. However, due to the rapid popularization of printing technology in the past, a kind of "printed book" appeared. According to relevant sources, "printed book" is a special kind of ink, which copies the operas in the script on a plane made of printed paper, and spreads white paper on the printed surface to absorb the ink before the ink dries. Later, it was gradually eliminated because of the time-consuming processing. Because of this, the printed version is precious in the history of Cantonese opera. There are more than a dozen books in the museum now, and the books on display this time will open the eyes of the audience and increase their knowledge. There are also various manuscripts by Dongguan playwright Yuan Runcheng and musician Huang Qimou. As well as various scripts, music scores, letters, papers, etc. Handwriting, woodcut, mimeograph, stamping, printing, photocopying, photocopying, printing, etc. The content of the script includes traditional costume drama, Niigata historical drama, modern drama, Quyi singing and so on.

In the interpretation of China's traditional operas, "costume" is indispensable. The so-called "costumes" are the costumes used by actors on the stage. The aesthetic concept of China's traditional operas is "the combination of reality and reality, with both form and spirit", which pays more attention to the likeness of form and spirit and emphasizes the expression of form and spirit. There are two sets of "big heroes" in this showcase; That is to say, male "big depend" and female "big depend" are very representative. The so-called "thinness" refers to the "armor" worn by participants in the ancient Cold War era to protect their bodies, which is very common in the Cold War era. We can see the style of Jia Kai from the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Dynasty. The ancients made small pieces of metal, or horns, bones, skins, etc. And then punched holes in it and tied it with ropes to make Jia Kai, which was used to protect the human body until the end of the Cold Weapons War in Qing Dynasty. But now, in front of our door, the "lean meat" worn by actors on the stage is not real life. It is also like the "armor" in life, consisting of shoulders, shirts, waistlines, stomachs and so on. But on closer inspection, these are exquisite handicrafts, and the patterns embroidered on them, such as flying dragon, Cai Feng, Gouyun, Qushui, Wanzi, Lewin and fish scales, are very exquisite. In particular, the monster patterns on the shoulders and abdomen are simply a "gluttonous" fashion style. This kind of clothing with bronze patterns has become the totem of handsome men and beautiful women in ancient battlefields. From this costume, you can decipher the comprehensive codes of exaggeration, symmetry, balance, ending, elegance and intensity commonly used in China traditional operas. There is a jargon in Chinese opera that "it is better to wear it badly than to wear it wrong." In other words, all walks of life have their own clothes, hats and shoes in life, health, ugliness and all the year round. They all have a set of fixed procedures, and you can't cross the line. This time, the museum exhibited pythons, sea green, cloaks for men and women, West Lake Village, clothes, and various forehead ornaments, helmets, towels, hats, boots and shoes. As the museum is a museum of Cantonese opera, Cantonese embroidery is the main costume on display. Guangdong embroidery worker; In the traditional colored silk embroidery, gold thread embroidery, silver thread embroidery and convex embroidery are added to make it more gorgeous and stereoscopic. However, it is worth mentioning that in the He showcase on the second floor, there is a costume worn in the 1950s and 1960s, which was donated by extraordinary descendants. Among them, the film and plastic flowers used are rare in domestic clothing at the same time. Even the unused materials. At the same time, domestic clothing is only embroidered on traditional silk, with glass beads and glass tubes. He's suit is made entirely of film and glue flowers. This time, the museum has collected more than 576 sets of costumes. The raw materials of costumes are cotton, hemp, silk, cotton silk, blended fabrics and chemical fibers. Its craft includes hand embroidery, hand painting, machine embroidery, sticking embroidery, printing, bead embroidery, film pasting embroidery, sequins embroidery and so on. Two of them are hand-painted and cut-and-paste, which can't be compared with other clothes in terms of technical and economic value. But he has its special and representative value of the times. He was born in the historical period after the Cultural Revolution and has just resumed the performance of traditional costume dramas. At that time, because traditional drama and folk art were destroyed during the ten-year Cultural Revolution, most traditional opera costumes were destroyed. Once it is restored, it is too late to make it immediately. At the same time, it was also forced by economic difficulties at that time. Therefore, folk artists hastily produced these traditional opera costumes, which were cut and pasted by hand. Now it seems that these costumes are as simple as them, but they show the strong vitality and irresistible historical trend of traditional opera. Here, it is worth mentioning the "sleeves" in clothing. In fact, many people think that ancient costumes are equipped with long "sleeves". This is a big misunderstanding. Sleeves are not "dancing with long sleeves" in Chu Yao. It turns out that the sleeves in the costume are "Lonely Chang 'e Express Wide Sleeves". According to Mr. Mei Lanfang, in the early years, stage actors dressed up and appeared, no matter what role they played, they had to be lined with a water jacket. The sleeves of the water jacket are exposed outside the costume, so they are called water sleeves. Later, the sleeves were lengthened and widened, separated from the water coat, and the water coat was attached to the sleeves of each dress. This has formed the "water sleeves" seen on the stage of traditional costume drama today, so it must be supplemented here.

In addition, among the headdresses of traditional operas in China, the headdress "Chi Cai" donated by Xiaosha Chen is also very distinctive. According to relevant sources, the "ruler's letter" was originally a popular ornament in the Qing court. It first uses silver or copper to make patterns of phoenix, birds and various flowers and plants through rough welding. Then cut off the kingfisher feathers and decorate them. Later, with the demise of the Qing court, this craft spread to the people. In China traditional opera performances, it is often used by Dan Jiao. Later, it was replaced by glass and plastic because of its complicated technology and high price. This technology should have been lost by now. This time, the museum also collected many "drama bridges", which are called drama bridges. It is different from the modern program list, which releases different programs at the same party. The bridge is to introduce the content of the same play: the story and actors of each scene. In the past, many opera bridges often printed wonderful aria in plays, so they were very popular with the audience. It has played a role in popularizing drama. This time, the museum also collected various props used on the stage, such as knives, guns, swords, halberds, axes and hammers. And wine. Table lamps, folding fans and musical instruments, such as erhu, Gao Hu, coconut trees, gongs, cymbals, drums, divining fish, sand, flutes and pipes. And puppets in the puppet show, as well as costumes and props in the puppet show. And a large number of audio-visual materials, including single-sided old bakelite CDs, double-sided bakelite CDs, large, medium and small plastic CDs, audio tapes, video tapes, all kinds of CDs, DVDs, record players, hand-held players and so on. Many collections in the museum, whether as traditional opera decorations or folk handicrafts, are rare.