English polite expressions

Please come in. Use modal verbs to express politeness;

Every piece of luggage must be thoroughly checked. Wait a minute.

The main content of this paper is about choosing the right language to express politeness in English.

If we talk about a person in a wheelchair (in Chinese we say disabled, not disabled), we'd better say A.

Disabled people, not disabled people. It's better to use senior people to describe the elderly, not.

Use old people. In other words, in the process of using English, we should try to avoid implying gender, race, body and age.

This biased or discriminatory language. For example:

Example 1: Ms. Edward is a very tall woman and walks differently.

E shines with wisdom and wit. . In modern times, if people treat others for racial or religious reasons,

Showing disrespect will be regarded as "politically incorrect", but for plump people.

Disrespect and prejudice are not like this. The word but in the last sentence implies the speaker's prejudice that obese people are usually stupid.

Clumsy and stupid. This is obviously offensive to others, so this sentence can be changed to: Ms. Edward, a very big one.

Genv, who is inconvenient to move, shines with wisdom. .

Ex. 2: Her research focuses on some special challenges faced by the deceased.

A person who marries an ordinary partner. . Use normal as the antonym of disabled people to describe healthy people.

It actually implies that disabled people are abnormal. Although we can say normal/abnormal hearing, vision

, physical exercise, etc. But normal and abnormal are not suitable for describing people. This sentence can be changed to: he

A study focuses on some special challenges faced by deaf people.

Try to listen to your partners. .

Ex. 3: The islanders are friendly and cheerful, and they are endowed with natural talents.

Or music and dance that their western tourists are likely to envy. . . Every country and culture

They tend to stereotype other cultures (for example, stingy Dutch, enthusiastic Italians, gloomy Swiss).

Conservative Canada, etc. ), even if you don't consider the biased elements, you can't see the ingredients in this stereotype.

The characteristics of each individual in the whole. Friendly and cheerful actually went to the other extreme of racism.

Please share the main points. On the other hand, natural talent puts too much emphasis on innate factors, which means denying acquired efforts and ignoring individual specific performance.

See. It can be changed to: tourists feel welcome on the island and urge.

Participate in many music and dance performances, which is

Local culture. .

The noisiest customer was taken away by the prison car.

The rest soon broke up. . Now we certainly won't say "You are so white" or "Don"

Don't try to belittle me, but few of us know that Paddy is here.

It is a derogatory term for the Irish. Examples of this type are: gyp (fraud or deception, from the gym), i.

India's giver (giving only to take back), Wales or Welch (breaking a promise or refusing).

Non-payment of debts. The British call syphilis French pox, while the French call it English pox.

Sh pox. In this policy, the noisiest parish was driven away.

E-Fan, the others soon dispersed. .

There is also a kind of politeness involving gender issues, which is also a special topic of this paper. English tends to put

Take men as the standard: most roots are male (masculine), while females (feminine) need to be specified by affixes. correct

For those who try to avoid this kind of discrimination, the most challenging part of English is personal pronouns. From the perspective of traditional grammar,

It is ok to use he or him to refer to people who don't know their gender, but now more and more people think it is sexist. can

However, there are no pronouns in English that specifically refer to either male or female (someone invented "shim").

, but it doesn't seem to be recognized by the public), so in order to avoid gender discrimination, people have to write he/she, s/he or.

Use them as singular pronouns. He/she or s/he is not easy to write or pronounce, and their singular forms are not in line with the language.

Methods, people write or say these just to show that they will not use masculine pronouns to refer to everyone (including women).

. Of course, in spoken English, for example, "someone left you a fan letter, but they didn't sign it."

"Such a sentence sounds natural and will not cause ambiguity, but in written language, the grammatical rules are much stricter.

They generally only refer to the third person plural. For example, the following sentence is very inappropriate and easy to produce ambiguity:

Good response to the new version of the plan; A customer

For example, R said that they doubled their productivity in the first three years.

A few weeks. .

Besides, everyone in indefinite pronouns, everyone, anyone, etc. They are singular, so according to grammar, they can't be tied together.

Close, so the following two sentences are grammatically wrong:

Every student must hand in his own experimental report.

Every guest will get a name tag when they arrive.

At the same time, we can also use he or she (he or she; ; His or her), but pay attention to one thing: do

Avoid using he or she repeatedly in one sentence, or it will look sloppy.

When the dialogue involves many people, it will be more concise and accurate to refer to it with plural personal pronouns. compare

For example:

We ask each participant to talk openly about his feelings.

We ask all participants to talk openly about their feelings. (better)

In some cases, we can also use one instead of he(one can sometimes replace the first and second person).

When using one, usually the speaker and the listener belong to the same group or have the same characteristics and interests. therefore

In a sense, one conveys the meaning of "you or me". As a writer, one can work.

This book is written for other writers. Did you express yourself clearly? )。 Another example.

In an article about physicists, there is not so much: clinical judgment invoices physicists.

Using his experience and knowledge of specific patients

Hypothesis: Clinical judgment also includes the use of personal experience.

As an understanding of a specific patient. But pay attention to one thing: one should not overdo it.

Use it, otherwise it will appear "boring".

In some styles that can communicate directly with readers, such as manuals and instructions, we can use yo

U instead of the third person. For example:

Readers should be familiar with these terms before continuing.

Please familiarize yourself with these terms before continuing. (better)

In order to avoid sexism completely, we can use the passive voice. For example, don't say: the advantage of M.

The surgeon is responsible for obtaining research data because he often obtains it.

Resit is performed in any case for clinical purposes. For example: the advantage of surge.

Responsible for obtaining research data, this information usually

In any case, it is needed for clinical purposes. . But sometimes using the passive voice can make sentences look stupid.

Stupid or ambiguous, so use the passive voice carefully.

Finally, we can avoid using pronouns in active sentences, which is usually the easiest way. compare

For example:

Psychiatrists can get research data from their patients, but H.

The main goal must remain to meet their needs.

Psychiatrists can obtain research data from patients, but they must

Don't forget the main goal of focusing on their needs. (better)

The shy writer doesn't want to state his position directly.

Irmeli.

The shy writer doesn't want to state his firm position directly.

(better)

Sometimes it is difficult to express the meaning accurately without pronouns, so the accuracy of expression should be given priority.

English polite expressions involve all aspects of people's daily life and are a huge and complex system. Only this article

One or two of these problems are briefly discussed. In order to understand English polite expressions more deeply, we

We must deeply understand the whole English culture and its history, and understand and master it in concrete language practice.