A case of cholera in Wuhan University. What disease is cholera? How to prevent cholera

On the evening of July 9, Wuchang District CDC received a report from the hospital that a case of infectious diarrhea occurred in Wuhan University, mainly vomiting and diarrhea with low fever, and the serological agglutination test was positive for O 139. After reexamination by provincial and municipal centers for disease control and prevention, the serological agglutination test of this case was positive for O 139, and it was diagnosed as cholera, but the virulence gene was negative.

After effective diagnosis and treatment, the patient's condition was controlled and the symptoms disappeared. Professional organizations have been organized to sample, detect and track the relevant personnel, and the relevant places have been temporarily closed, controlled and disinfected. So far, no new cases have been found.

I believe many people have heard of cholera, but how much do you know about cholera?

Cholera is a Class A infectious disease in China, which is caused by Vibrio cholerae O 1 or O 139. The so-called Class A infectious disease is a serious infectious disease, which has the characteristics of acute onset and rapid spread, and needs to be controlled by compulsory measures. After being infected with cholera bacteria, patients will have severe symptoms of diarrhea and vomiting, and the discharged feces will be "rice-shaped", accompanied by muscle spasm, hypokalemia, uremia, consciousness disorder, increased breathing, numbness, cold limbs, irritability and so on. In severe cases, dehydration may lead to shock or death.

The source of cholera infection is patients and carriers, and the feces and excreta of patients and carriers can cause cholera outbreaks after polluting water or food.

According to historical records, there have been seven cholera pandemics in the world. During the hundred years from 18 17 to 1923, six cholera pandemics broke out all over the world, causing incalculable losses, and more than 38 million people died in India alone. By 196 1 year, cholera began its seventh epidemic, spreading from Indonesia to Asia, Europe and Africa.

Although the number of cholera patients was still rising in the 1990s, cholera has become a serious threat to human health worldwide. According to statistics, about 2.9 million people are infected with cholera every year, which can cause 95,000 deaths every year. In China, summer and autumn are the epidemic seasons of cholera, and the epidemic areas are mainly distributed in coastal areas, such as Guangdong, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and other places.

How to prevent cholera?

1. Pay attention to the hygiene of diet and drinking water.

Eat cooked food instead of raw water. Be sure to wash it when eating cold salad or raw fruit; Don't eat seafood raw. Seafood such as shellfish and crabs should be cooked and steamed thoroughly. Disinfect tableware regularly, and often boil and disinfect household tableware such as chopsticks; When storing or processing food, raw and cooked food must be separated to prevent cross-contamination. Try to drink less cold drinks and don't drink too much at a time. Overeating will damage the defense function of the stomach and increase the risk of intestinal infectious diseases.

Strengthen personal hygiene

Wash your hands frequently and don't pee anywhere. Washing hands before and after meals and after going out is the key to prevent intestinal infectious diseases.

3. Maintain environmental sanitation

Do a good job in household and environmental sanitation, remove dead corners of garbage in time, and ensure the smooth flow of sewers. After the rainstorm, disinfect the inside and outside of the flooded house.

4. Seek medical attention in time if symptoms appear.

If you have severe diarrhea symptoms, you should go to a medical institution in time to do Vibrio cholerae testing, which is convenient for doctors to make differential diagnosis.