How profitable was the steel business in the 198s?

In the 198s, villagers in Hunan made a profit of 3 million yuan by stealing steel products, which led to China military project 651

Nangong Qin

March 7, 222 at 18:43

Attention

The film Hi, Mom brought a lot of laughter and emotion to the audience and won a lot of praise.

However, some netizens questioned a detail: Why do people in Li Huanying's unit in the movie all speak Northeast dialect? Isn't this unit in Hubei?

It has been pointed out that this is because most of the cast of this film are comedians from Northeast China, so they "goofed off".

But it was soon explained by netizens who really knew the situation. In the film, Li Huanying's colleagues already had many Northeasters.

It's not just this unit where Li Huanying is located. In fact, at that time, many heavy industry factories all over the country spoke Northeast dialect, which was caused by the "Third Line Construction" that mobilized more than 4 million people from all over the country.

The unexpected discovery of the old man herding cattle

The third-line construction is no secret now, and it can be mentioned normally on the Internet and in film and television dramas. Some large-scale facilities of that year have even been opened as scenic spots.

however, during the construction of the third line, and even in the 198s, when the construction was suspended, all the specific third line construction projects were highly confidential, that is, everyone had heard of the term "third line project", but no one in the public could say what the specific projects were.

not only the people, but often even the local government where the third-line project is located is unaware of it!

One day in the early 198s, the police of Linxiang Public Security Bureau in Hunan Province discovered a strange thing.

for several days in a row, several waste collection stations in the city have bought a lot of waste steel.

it's not two days a day, nor two together. according to the rough statistics of the police, the total value of steel sold to various purchasing stations in the city in a few days has reached 3 million yuan!

Linxiang Public Security Bureau realized that it might have encountered a major case of reselling steel products. Since there was no steel factory nearby, the police suspected that a gang might have stolen steel products from other places and got them to Linxiang to sell the stolen goods.

The police immediately took action and stood guard at several waste collection stations in the city.

But after the arrest, the police found that it was not a gang, and all the people who pulled the steel to sell were ordinary villagers in Qiuping Village, Zhongfang Town, this city.

The villagers cooperated, and soon explained the origin of these old steel products, but the police found it hard to believe.

The villagers said that these steels were all picked up from a "maze-like cave", which was discovered by an old man who raised cattle in Qiuping Village.

Not long ago, in order to find a lost cow, the old man searched many places on a nearby mountain that he had never walked before. Finally, the cow was found, and at the same time, a huge cave entrance was found.

The hole is so big that the old man was surprised that he didn't know there was such a huge cave nearby. The inside of the hole was dark, but the old man saw that it was a man-made hole, because there were rails on the ground leading into the hole.

out of curiosity, the old man walked here. He thought there should be someone here, but after walking for a while, he found that there was neither a sound nor a lamp in the cave.

The cave is very dry, and the temperature is slightly lower than that outside. After the old man walked in, he didn't see the end of the cave by the sunshine outside.

The old man went back and told the villagers about it, and several of them ventured to explore the hole again with electricity.

This time, the villagers went deep and found that the cave was not only deep, but also bifurcated, and different bifurcates led to different cavities.

Each cave looks different. Some caves are a vertical patio, and you can see the sky. The villagers stood in the underground and visually measured the height, feeling that it was at least sixty or seventy meters.

and they found more than one exit, each with different sizes, the big one can pass the train and the small one can pass the truck.

what kind of hole is this? The villagers looked at each other. Several people have lived in this village for decades. I really didn't know there was such a big cave here!

But they saw some remaining slogans and posters on the wall of the cave, the content of which was more than ten years ago. So this hole was dug at that time?

of course, compared with these problems, the villagers' more important discovery is that there are a lot of steel scattered in the cave, which seems to have been abandoned, so they have the idea of pulling the steel to the city and selling it.

The policemen visited the cave under the leadership of the villagers. Although the villagers' statements were confirmed, the policemen also had no idea about the origin of the cave.

As a result, after consulting the local government, the local government actually knew nothing about this huge artificial cave.

The local government didn't know the true face of this cave until it reported further. Its name is "Project 651".

651 project

Now the 651 project has been declassified, and the caves discovered by the villagers have been transformed into tourist attractions and partially opened.

the villagers' exploration of 651 was not comprehensive. The whole project is built by hollowing out granite mountain. The structure is like an ant nest, which is divided into upper, middle and lower floors. There are 25 halls and rooms with a total length of 17,m and 17 ventilation shafts, with the deepest vertical depth of 8m.

the engineering quantity can be imagined. So why was this project built and abandoned?

this project was started in January 1965, and its code name is 651, because it originated from the No.1 document of the Central Military Commission in 1965.

in the 196s, China once faced a very harsh external environment.

in p>196, India coveted Tibet for a long time.

Although we were severely beaten by our army in 1962, we still didn't give up completely. Chiang Kai-shek, who lost to Taiwan Province, was always waiting for an opportunity to try to counterattack the mainland with the help of American forces.

however, in 1963, the United States detected the nuclear factory facilities in northwest China and concluded that China's nuclear weapons research and development was about to succeed, so it contacted Chiang Kai-shek and the Soviet Union and planned to destroy China's nuclear industry.

in view of the situation at home and abroad, in 1964, the CPC central Committee changed the original "three-five plan" with the principle of "grasping food, clothing and use" and put forward the third-line construction plan oriented to preparation for war.

President Mao Zedong proposed that the whole country should be divided into three types according to geographical conditions: first-line, second-line and third-line areas, where the first line may become the second line, including border areas and major cities in China.

the third line is the area that can be used as the rear area in wartime, including the vast central and western provinces. The second line is a buffer between one and three.

the so-called third-line construction can not only simply "dig deep holes and accumulate grain", but also make a backup of the whole national production system from light industry to heavy industry, from infrastructure to university research institutes.

the goal of the third-line construction is to establish a "small but comprehensive" national production system with Sichuan and Guizhou as the center, and become the rear area for China people to take precautions.

Of course, the third-line construction is not limited to Sichuan and Guizhou, but the whole hinterland of the central and western regions is within the scope of construction, so the construction content also includes the railway network connecting the hinterland of the central and western regions.

At the beginning of p>1965, Fushun Refinery Construction Engineering Company was instructed by the Ministry of Petroleum Industry to set up a production team with the code number 651 and set out to build an oil refinery in Changling Mountain Area, Linxiang County, Hunan Province.

the company quickly organized personnel, and Zhang Yuan, the deputy manager of the company, served as the manager of the 651 production team and led the team south.

The site of Changling was selected by Ao Mingmo, then chief engineer of the Infrastructure Department of the Ministry of Petroleum. Considering the concealment and convenient transportation, the Ministry of Petroleum expects to build an oil refinery with an annual processing capacity of 1.5 million tons here.

Changling Refinery was completed and put into operation in 1971. Although it has experienced twists and turns since its completion, it has been developing steadily. It is the predecessor of Changling Branch of China Petrochemical Co., Ltd..

So what is the relationship between the huge abandoned cave named 651 in the mountain and it?

In fact, the abandoned cave is to be built as an oil depot of Changling Refinery, which is part of the 651 project.

The digging operation officially started in 1966. There was originally a natural cave on this mountain, which was called "Mud Cave" by local people, and the engineering team relied on this natural cave to carry out operations.

the manpower and material resources required for such a huge project are extremely huge, and new construction personnel are constantly added in the construction process for several years.

as a heavy industry project, the backbone of these people are generally transferred from the northeast.

According to an old employee of Changling Refinery who participated in the 651 Project, he came to Linxiang from Fushun in 1969 as an apprentice to the children of oil builders, when he was less than 16 years old.

As apprentices, they attend skills training in the morning, move stones on the construction site in the afternoon, and study and discuss in the evening. The training is only a few months, and then I will officially take part in the work.

In fact, there was more than 651 third-line project in the mountainous area around Yueyang, Hunan (Linxiang belongs to Yueyang). Because there was an oil refinery here, the supporting synthetic ammonia plant, chemical fiber plant and textile factory were also built one after another, all of which were built in the ravine.

according to the recollection of witnesses, there may be hundreds of thousands of troops and local unit personnel involved in the construction in the mountainous area around Yueyang in the peak period of that year.

these people sleep in the mat shed at first, and when some factories are built, they go into the factory to sleep with wooden boards, and only return to the station or county on rest days.

Project 651 was carried out under such difficult conditions. Changling Refinery was completed and put into operation in 71, but Cave 651 was not completed in the end. Why?

The construction of the cave stopped in 1973, which is said to be related to the 913 incident, because it is said that the 651 project was led by Lin.

Of course, even without this factor, the 651 Cave could not escape the fate of being abandoned. At that time, there were many such caves built all over the country to prevent air strikes, but later the war did not happen, so the construction was stopped.

For example, the 816 Cave in Chongqing was stopped in 1984 and has now been transformed into a tourist attraction.

far-reaching

In hindsight, the large-scale war feared by the older generation of leaders did not happen, so by the end of the 197s, most of the third-line construction projects were stopped.

Not only have many expensive air-raid shelters become unfinished projects, but many factories originally built in ravines have been moved out because of inconvenience.

Therefore, in the 198s and 199s, many people were critical of the third-line construction, thinking that it wasted a huge amount of manpower and material resources, added a huge burden to the people's livelihood, and finally it was useless.

Those who hold this view further point out that the leaders of the older generation misjudged the international situation, and the leaders of the United States and the Soviet Union were not war maniacs and did not intend to invade China.

However, with the passage of time, in recent years, people have witnessed many things at home and abroad, and their attitudes towards the third-line construction have changed.

The new viewpoint holds that it was because we made active preparations that the hostile forces gave up the invasion after weighing.

For example, a very important project in the third-line construction is the development of strategic deterrence capability, including intercontinental missiles and strategic nuclear submarines. In those years, it was only with the national mobilization of the third-line construction that we built the strategic nuclear submarines.

and more importantly, the third-line construction has not failed. It is through the third-line construction that China has a more comprehensive and balanced national production system.

before the construction of the third line, China's industrial manufacturing and scientific research institutions were distributed in several points along the eastern coast and along the Yangtze River, so it was difficult for the population in the hinterland of the central and western regions to benefit.

through the "backup" operation of the third-line construction, these resources have been effectively balanced.

Southwest University of Science and Technology in Mianyang, Sichuan, shaanxi university of technology in Hanzhong, Shaanxi, South China Optoelectronic Group in Changde, Hunan, Southwest Jiaotong University in Emei County, Sichuan, Zunyi Medical College in Zunyi, Guizhou, and China University of Mining and Technology in Hechuan, Sichuan ...

All these were established by splitting the departments of universities in Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing and Dalian and moving them to local areas.

Not to mention the production unit, from civil light industry to military heavy industry, from pharmacy to aerospace, all categories have been split and backed up. The above-mentioned 651 project is to back up Fushun Refinery to Linxiang, Hunan.

these units split and supported in the hinterland of the central and western regions are like seeds, which take root and sprout locally, and now many of them have grown into towering trees.

during the third-line construction period, China added 8,46 kilometers of railways, and the proportion of railways in the third-line areas increased from 19.2% in 1964 to 34.7%.

Many cities in Sichuan and Guizhou have sprung up from scratch because of the third-line construction. Third-line construction has made far-reaching contributions to China's balanced development.

In the 199s, when the then party and state leaders visited Sichuan enterprises, they specifically mentioned that after the Gulf War, we should have a new understanding of the significance of the third-line construction ...

Generally speaking, Chairman Mao made this decision with strategic vision.

The so-called "prepare for danger in times of peace", the southwest hinterland has been the strategic rear of the Chinese nation since ancient times, and it is the third-line construction that gives it a complete set of modern production capacity and makes the vast territory still have strategic significance.

References:

Third Line Construction: National Entrepreneurship in Difficult Times, China Youth Daily, 221

Disclaimer

This article comes from the creator of Tencent News client, and does not represent the views and positions of Tencent News.

Click to expand the full text

Open Tencent News for a better reading experience

Don't delay allergic rhinitis, you need to know the new method of 222!

Advertising

Tsinghua

Open

Tencent News

Participate in the discussion

Don't delay allergic rhinitis, you need to know the new method of 222!