What should we call for environmental protection?

For the sake of our earth and our future generations, if you pay more attention to environmental protection details in your daily life, you will make a contribution to environmental protection!

1. Use less plastic bags

Plastic bags are provided for free in large shopping malls in my country. In Germany, plastic bags are not provided for free in many supermarkets. This is to reduce plastic Bag usage. When many Germans buy things, they are accustomed to carrying cloth bags or loading goods directly into the car without using plastic bags. Some housewives go shopping carrying huge rattan baskets in order to reduce the use of plastic bags.

Plastic is a petroleum product that does not decompose easily and will not rot after being buried in the soil for more than ten years. Arbitrary disposal will cause soil and river pollution, and countries around the world are carrying out "use paper bag" campaigns. Reflecting the market's profit-oriented concept and environmental protection as the top priority, shopping malls provide fewer plastic bags and require customers to bring their own shopping bags, which can reduce plastic waste and reduce the harm of plastic waste, which is a manifestation of social progress.

2. Use more reusable durable goods

Please use more reusable durable goods. For example, use reusable containers for food in the refrigerator instead of disposable plastic wrap; use refillable ballpoint pens instead of disposable ballpoint pens; bring your own kettle when going out to reduce the generation of plastic waste ; When traveling or on a business trip, bring your own toothbrush and other sanitary utensils, and do not use the toothbrushes that are replaced daily by the hotel. Also, use a mechanical pencil instead of an ordinary wood pencil. Did you know that the annual output of pencils in the world is 10 billion, of which 7.5 billion pencils are made in China. Making these 7.5 billion pencils requires at least 100,000 cubic meters of wood!

Knowledge Cards; What do we throw away?

Use less plastic bags

Those "use and throw away" plastic bags not only cause a huge waste of resources, but also increase the amount of garbage dramatically. The amount of plastic waste in our country is more than 1 million tons every year. If Beijing consumes one plastic bag per day on average, each bag weighs 4 grams, 4.4 kilograms of polyethylene film will be thrown away every day, and nearly 4.4 kilograms of raw materials alone will be thrown away. Ten thousand yuan. If these plastic bags were spread out, the area of ??plastic film discarded per person per year would reach 240 square meters. The plastic bags discarded by 10 million people in Beijing every year are twice the urban construction area.

3 Use detergents with caution - reduce water pollution

Detergents and other chemical cleaning products have become essential items in most families’ lives, but you may I didn't expect it to be one of the main culprits of water pollution. As long as we pay a little attention to our behavior, we can reduce the pollution of the water environment.

——Please try to use less detergent when cleaning tableware, because most detergents are chemical products that will pollute water bodies when discharged into water sources. In fact, the amount of foam has nothing to do with the cleaning ability, so there is no need to put a lot of detergent until foam appears.

——The raw materials of soap come from plant or animal fats, which are easy to biodegrade, cause less pollution to water, and are much better than ordinary chemical formulas. Washing clothes with soap will not only reduce water pollution, but it will also be beneficial to your health.

——If there is too much grease when washing dishes, you can first dispose of the remaining grease as garbage, and then wash it with hot noodle soup or hot soapy water, so that there will not be too much grease. Discharged into the sewer. Kitchen utensils that are heavily stained with oil can also be cleaned with soda ash and hot water. These ancient methods may seem outdated, but they are good for both our health and the environment.

——Use less phosphorus-containing laundry detergent. Discharging large amounts of phosphorus-containing sewage into rivers will cause eutrophication of water bodies, affecting fish and shrimp.

Knowledge card: Cleaning or pollution?

Most detergents are chemical products. Domestic wastewater with high detergent content is discharged into rivers in large quantities, which will worsen the water quality. Improper use of detergents for a long time will damage the central nervous system of people, hinder their intellectual development, reduce their thinking and analytical abilities, and even cause mental disorders in severe cases. Detergent residues on clothes can irritate the skin and cause allergic dermatitis.

If you use high-concentration detergents for a long time, the carcinogens in the moisture-clearing agent will enter the body from the skin and mouth, harming health

4 Disposable tableware should be eliminated

Now regardless of Wherever you go, you can see piles of disposable plastic tableware garbage, which is called "white garbage". In order to protect our own environmental quality, we should refuse to use disposable tea cups, tableware, chopsticks, and diapers, and use ceramic cups, enamel basins, glasses, wooden chopsticks, and cloth diapers instead. On the one hand, this can reduce the amount of garbage and relieve the pressure of garbage disposal; on the other hand, it can also reduce the production of plastic products and save a lot of raw materials, electricity, and water resources.

This job is more difficult, because disposable paper cups and tableware have been used for several years. To turn them around again requires not only a lot of publicity and careful implementation, but also the development of degradable disposable tableware. And when you go out, you need to bring your own lunch boxes, tea cups, kettles and other utensils to avoid using disposable tableware.

5 Recycling waste plastics to develop the “second oil field”

Plastic products have made our lives more convenient, but they have caused headaches. Plastic products are light in weight and large in size. If landfilled, they will take up a lot of land and are difficult to degrade; incineration will release harmful gases. The appropriate approach is to send it for processing and reuse.

We should not throw away used plastic bags and other plastic products casually. We can collect them and send them to plastic refineries for recycling and disposal through relevant clearing channels. This not only eliminates "white pollution", but also regenerates fuel resources, killing two birds with one stone!

Knowledge card: Recycling of plastics

Many waste plastics can be reduced to recycled plastics, and all waste plastics - waste lunch boxes, food bags, textile bags, flexible packaging boxes etc. can be refined into fuel oil. One ton of waste plastics can recycle at least 600 kilograms of gasoline and diesel. No wonder some people call recycling waste plastics the development of a "second oil field"

6 Recognize the "environmental label" and buy green products

Have you ever paid attention to "environmental labeling" when shopping? "Environmental labeling products" refer to products that have no pollution or low pollution, low energy consumption, low noise, and production processes that meet environmental protection requirements. Currently, many countries in the world have their own. According to statistics, 40% of Europeans are willing to buy products with environmental labels; in Japan, many wholesalers also find that their customers only choose and buy environmentally friendly products. Label products. Look for "environmental label products" and you won't spend much more, but you will use your money as a "vote" for green products that meet environmental protection requirements.

Knowledge Card: Please. Pay attention to "Environmental Label Products"

Environmentally friendly products that have been certified by the China Green Label Certification Committee include low-fluorine household refrigeration appliances, fluorine-free hair mousses and styling hair gels, lead-free gasoline, and cadmium-free, mercury-lead charging Batteries, phosphorus-free fabric detergents, low-noise washing machines, energy-saving fluorescent lamps, etc. These environmental label products are marked with the "China Environmental Label". The central structure of the logo graphic is green mountains, green water, and the sun, which represents the survival of human beings. environment. The 10 rings on the outside represent the public’s participation in protecting the environment

7 Cherishing paper means cherishing forests

You may not be directly cutting down the forest, but have you ever thought about it? , Wood is the main raw material for paper making. Wasting paper is equivalent to joining the ranks of deforestation.

Cherishing paper means cherishing our forest resources. Please don't throw away white paper casually and make full use of the blank space of paper. .

——The used paper can be turned over to make scratch paper, note paper, or used as a notebook; expired wall calendars can be wrapped in book covers.

——Refuse to accept. Those useless propaganda papers that are distributed everywhere will not only waste a lot of paper, but also destroy the city's hygiene by distributing and posting them everywhere.

Knowledge Card: Paper and Forest

The surge in demand for pulp is one of the reasons for the growth in wood consumption.

The country's annual papermaking consumption consumes 10 million cubic meters of wood, imports more than 1.3 million tons of wood pulp, and imports more than 4 million tons of paper. How many trees will be cut down? The massive consumption of paper not only causes forest destruction, but also severely pollutes rivers and lakes due to the discharge of sewage from pulp production (the pollution caused by the paper industry accounts for more than 30% of the entire water pollution).

8 Use less disposable chopsticks - don’t let the forest be eaten

Disposable chopsticks were invented by the Japanese. Japan’s forest coverage rate is as high as 65%, but they do not cut down To make disposable chopsticks from the trees on our own land, we have to import them. Our country's forest coverage rate is less than 14%, but it is a big country exporting disposable chopsticks. The disposable chopstick industry in northern my country exports 1.5 million cubic meters to Japan and South Korea every year, reducing forest accumulation by 2 million cubic meters.

According to relevant statistics, one acre of forest can produce 1 cubic meter of wood, and this 1 cubic meter of wood can produce about 8 boxes of disposable chopsticks. It is understood that a medium-sized city in my country uses 90 million pairs a year. According to a box of 500 pairs, which is about 180,000 boxes, it is calculated that 22,500 acres of forest are consumed every year, and an average of 61.6 acres are "eaten" every day.

Disposable chopsticks also need to be restricted. Let the forest be eaten.

9 Prepare your own lunch boxes to reduce white pollution

Disposable white fast food boxes are one of the main causes of "white pollution". According to statistics, more than 800 million fast food boxes are consumed on train dining cars nationwide every year, and nearly 50 of them are discarded along the railway lines. It’s imperative to ditch the white fast food boxes!

Please bring your own lunch box to eat at work or school to reduce the use of white fast food boxes. This not only saves precious oil resources, but also reduces the generation of garbage.

Knowledge card; industry in the sunset

The environmental protection wave has caused the industry that produces disposable products to go downhill. Many countries are developing and producing degradable plastics that can be decomposed in nature after use; some countries have eliminated the use of plastics and replaced them with special paper packaging. Many countries promote the reuse and recycling of packaging. Denmark and Germany stipulate that glass bottles containing beverages can be reused multiple times after being sterilized. One of the largest dairy factories in Sweden has launched a glass milk bottle that can be reused 75 times; some developed countries regard the manufacture of wooden pens as "Sunset Industry" began to produce convenient and exquisite mechanical pencils.

10 The earth’s fresh water is “in short supply”

The World Resources Institute’s October report brought disturbing news: the amount of fresh water we use every day has exceeded the earth’s supply. By 2025, about half of the world's population - at least 3.5 billion people - will experience water shortages.

The report points out that freshwater pollution around the world is becoming increasingly serious. One day, they will be unable to shoulder the important task of maintaining the survival of humans, animals and other life forms. This means that humans will face an increasingly serious water shortage problem; and for animals, it means that the number of some species has plummeted or is on the verge of extinction.

The report said that although water resources are abundant in many parts of the world, 4 out of 10 people live in water-scarce areas. Only 1% of the earth's water is freshwater for human consumption, and 93% of it is used for agriculture, resulting in silt and chemicals that deteriorate water quality.

The report believes that the reduction of swamp area is another important reason. In the 20th century, half of the swamps were transformed into agricultural or industrial land.

11. More than 1/4 of the land is desertified!

A survey released by the State Forestry Administration shows that our country has become one of the countries most seriously affected by desertification. At present, more than a quarter of the country's land is desertified, with direct economic losses caused by desertification reaching 54 billion yuan every year.

The survey shows that the potential area for desertification in my country, that is, the total area of ??arid, semi-arid and subhumid arid areas is 3.317 million square kilometers, accounting for 34.6% of the land area.

Among them, the area of ??desertified land is 2.62 million square kilometers, accounting for 79% of this region and 27.3% of the total land area, which is equivalent to the area of ??14 Guangdong Provinces and more than twice the total cultivated land area of ??the country. The top three desertified areas are Xinjiang with 1.044 million square kilometers, Inner Mongolia with 659,000 square kilometers, and Tibet with 436,000 square kilometers.

12 Experts warn: my country will enter a period of severe water shortage

Relevant experts from the Ministry of Water Resources said that with the rapid increase in population and rapid economic development, the contradiction between water supply and demand has become a constraint for our country's industry. Bottlenecks in agricultural production and urban development. After 2010, my country will enter a period of severe water shortage.

According to the analysis of "China Water Supply and Demand in the 21st Century" by the Ministry of Water Resources, in 2010, the total water demand for my country's industry, agriculture, life and ecological environment was 698.8 billion cubic meters in a moderate drought year, and the total water supply was 667 billion cubic meters. , water shortage of 31.8 billion cubic meters. This shows that our country will begin to enter a period of severe water shortage after 2010. The report also said that in 2030, my country will be short of 40 billion cubic meters to 50 billion cubic meters of water, and a peak water shortage will occur.

The general trend of my country's water resources is that the demand for water resources is increasing sharply, while the total water supply is growing slowly. From 1980 to 1993, the average annual growth rate of water supply was only 1.27%. Due to the slow growth of water supply, my country's water shortage has continued to expand and intensify since the 1990s. Experts remind that to ensure the sustainable development of the national economy and society in the 21st century, we must take precautions and take early countermeasures.

13What is environmental pollution?

Legally, environmental pollution refers to the phenomenon that the environmental quality of a specific area is worse than the environmental quality standards applicable to that area due to the introduction of certain substances or energy. Substances that can cause environmental pollution are called pollutants, such as SO2 and other harmful gases emitted during the production process, various heavy metals, etc. The phenomenon of energy intervention that worsens environmental quality is usually called pollution, such as thermal pollution. Environmental pollution can be caused by human activities (such as environmental pollution caused by pollutants emitted by human production and living activities), or by natural causes (such as environmental pollution caused by dust and harmful gases released by volcanic eruptions). The environmental pollution that the Environmental Protection Law aims to prevent and control is mainly caused by human activities.

Environmental pollution can be divided into biological pollution, chemical pollution, and physical pollution according to the nature of the pollutants; according to the polluted environmental elements, it can be divided into air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, and ocean pollution. etc.; according to the source of pollution, it can be divided into industrial pollution, agricultural pollution, transportation pollution, domestic pollution, etc.

14. Buy environmentally friendly batteries to prevent mercury and cadmium pollution

You can pay attention to how many electrical appliances that use batteries around you. When you replace the battery, please choose an environmentally friendly battery to reduce pollution caused by heavy metals in used batteries. You can choose environmentally friendly batteries that do not contain cadmium and mercury (with the No Mercury/Cadmium or Mercury amp; Cadmium Free logo, and some have the 0Mercury logo). These environmentally friendly batteries that do not contain cadmium and mercury are less harmful to the environment. Rechargeable batteries do not need to be replaced frequently, which is more beneficial to the environment. It is even better to use solar appliances.

Knowledge Card: Used batteries are highly polluted

The batteries we use every day rely on chemical action, or, in lay terms, corrosion to produce electrical energy. The corrosion products contain a large amount of heavy metal pollutants - cadmium, mercury, manganese, etc. When they are abandoned in nature, these toxic substances slowly overflow from the batteries, enter the soil or water sources, and then enter the human food chain through crops. These toxic substances will accumulate in the human body for a long time and are difficult to eliminate, damaging the nervous system, causing damage to function, kidneys and bones, and some can even cause cancer. It can be said that batteries are discarded as much as they are produced; centralized production disperses pollution; short-term use leads to long-term pollution.

15 Use recycled paper to reduce deforestation

What kind of recycled paper products have you used? Have you ever seen business cards or books made from recycled paper? Recycled paper is paper made from waste paper.

In many countries, the use of recycled paper has become fashionable, and people take it as an honor to show business cards with "Made from Recycled Paper" printed on them to show their environmental awareness and civilized upbringing. Many companies also stipulate that they use recycled paper for office supplies. The United States has regulations that 60% of the paper used by government agencies must be recycled paper.

Knowledge Card: Disappearance of Forests

my country’s forest coverage rate is only 1/4 of the world average. According to statistics, my country's forests have dropped sharply by 23% in 10 years, and the logging stock has dropped by 50%. The natural forests in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, have been disappearing at a rate of about 16,000 hectares every year since the 1950s. The original forest cover of 55% at that time has now been reduced by half.

16 Disposal of Waste Batteries

In daily life, batteries are used in more and more places. From TV and VCD remote controls to students' Walkmans; from BP machines to wireless phones, batteries are used everywhere. Subsequently, the issue of battery disposal arises.

Battery relies on chemical action, in layman’s terms, it relies on corrosion to generate electrical energy. The corrosion products contain a large amount of heavy metal pollutants - cadmium, mercury, manganese, etc. When it is abandoned in nature, it will pollute the surrounding environment. In addition, these toxic substances will slowly overflow from the battery, enter the soil or water sources, and then enter human food through crops. These toxic substances accumulate in the human body for a long time and are difficult to eliminate, damaging the nervous system, hematopoietic function, kidneys and bones, and some can cause cancer.

The best way is to gather together and handle them in a unified manner. Beijing's "Friends of Nature" magazine is considering collecting the used batteries that people usually discard one by one, and finally sending them to relevant factories for disposal

17 What are green products

Green products are It refers to the production process and its own energy-saving, water-saving, low-pollution, low-toxicity, renewable, and recyclable products. It is also the ultimate embodiment of the application of green technology. Green products can directly promote changes in people's consumption concepts and production methods. Their main feature is to achieve environmental protection through market regulation. The public considers it fashionable to buy green products, which encourages companies to produce green products as a way to obtain economic benefits.

In order to encourage, protect and supervise the production and consumption of green products, many countries have formulated "green mark" systems. The Ministry of Agriculture of our country took the lead in naming and launching pollution-free "green food" in 1990. In 1995, the number of "green foods" increased to 389 types. In the industrial field, my country has fully implemented the "Green Mark" work since 1994. So far, 35 products in 8 categories, including low-fluorine household refrigerators, unleaded gasoline, and phosphorus-free laundry detergent, have obtained the "Green Mark"

18 Environmental Protection Model City

The National Environmental Protection Model City was proposed by the State Environmental Protection Administration based on the "National Environmental Protection Ninth Five-Year Plan and 2010 Long-term Goals". It covers social, economic, environmental, urban construction, health, gardening and other aspects; it covers a wide range of areas, has a high starting point, and is difficult. It is based on the national sanitary city, the quantitative assessment of comprehensive urban environment improvement, and the environmental protection investment reaching certain standards. Only then can it be created conditionally. The assessment indicators include four aspects: social economy, environmental quality, environmental construction, and environmental management; the indicators are: prosperous social civilization, rapid and healthy economic development, good environmental quality, rational utilization of resources, virtuous ecological cycle, sound infrastructure, and comfortable and convenient life. .

At present, the cities in my country that have won the honor of National Environmental Protection Model City include Zhangjiagang City, Zhuhai, Shenzhen, Xiamen, Dalian, Weihai and other cities.

19 Acid Rain

Acid rain refers to acidic precipitation caused by air pollution. It is generally believed that the acidity PH5.6 when atmospheric precipitation and carbon dioxide gas are in balance is the natural acidity of precipitation, and is regarded as The standard for judging whether it is acidified is that when the pH of the precipitation is lower than 5.6, the precipitation is acid rain.

20Why does precipitation become acidic?

This is mainly the result of the clouds in the sky absorbing atmospheric pollutants and continuously reacting in the raindrops to form acidic substances; the harm caused by acid rain to the environment is extremely serious, and it is called the "killer" from the air. It not only causes forests to die, affecting the yield and death of crops and freshwater organisms, but also corrodes buildings, all facilities exposed to the air, historical relics, and even endangers human health and endangers the ecological balance of the city.

At present, acid rain pollution accounts for about 30% of the country’s land area, and is developing at an alarming rate in some areas. The direct losses caused by agriculture and forests in only the four provinces of Sichuan, Guizhou, and Guangdong and Guangxi amount to 1.8 billion yuan each year. The main source of acid rain in my country is the large amount of sulfur dioxide pollutants emitted during coal-fired energy consumption. Therefore, to control acid rain pollution, we must first control the total amount of sulfur dioxide emissions.

21 White pollution

White pollution is a unique environmental pollution in cities in my country. A large number of discarded plastic products can be seen everywhere in various public places. They come from nature. , made by humans, are not easily absorbed by nature when they are ultimately attributed to nature, thus affecting the ecological environment of nature. From the perspective of saving resources, since the main source of plastic products is petroleum resources that are facing depletion, they should be recycled as much as possible. However, because the production cost of recycling at this stage is much higher than the direct production cost, it is difficult to do so under the current market economy conditions. Faced with the increasingly serious problem of white pollution, people hope to find a plastic substitute that can replace the performance of current plastics without causing white pollution. Biodegradable plastics have emerged. This new functional plastic is characterized by reaching a certain level. After its service life is discarded, under specific environmental conditions, its chemical structure undergoes significant changes, causing some performance losses and appearance changes, resulting in degradation, which is harmless or less harmful to the natural environment. For example, when starch is filled in plastic, the starch contained in it is rapidly decomposed by the amylase secreted by microorganisms in the soil in a short period of time to form holes, resulting in a decrease in the mechanical properties of the film. At the same time, the auto-oxidant added in the formula reacts with the metal salts in the soil to form Peroxide breaks the chains of polyethylene and degrades it into small fragments that are easily swallowed by microorganisms and are absorbed by the natural environment, while also improving the soil.

22 Light Pollution

"Light pollution" is a new topic in recent years; it mainly refers to the impact of various light sources (sunlight, lights and various refracted lights) on the surrounding environment and human damage. In fact, "light pollution" does not only exist in glass curtain walls. When driving at night, some drivers often do not turn off their high beams when meeting the car, and some even turn on modified strong beams, causing oncoming drivers to see a glare and making it impossible to see the road clearly; in the welding arc light, if If performed without eye protection, strong reflected light may cause retinal detachment. Under normal circumstances, after a moment of strong light exposure, the eyes will be temporarily blinded, lasting for about a few seconds, and sometimes a traffic accident occurs within these seconds.

As far as cities are concerned, the main source of light pollution hazards is still the glass curtain walls of urban high-rise buildings. Experts have listed several major hazards of this kind of light pollution: First, it may become the murderer of traffic accidents. The high-rise buildings decorated with glass walls standing on the side of the road are actually like a large mirror tens of meters wide and hundreds of meters high. The sunlight reflected by it can easily cause the driver to stop in a high-speed car. Accident due to dizziness. Secondly, it brings negative effects to nearby residential buildings. At present, the reflectivity of decorative glass used in buildings in our country is around 30 to 80. As a result, residents nearby who are affected by reflected light are miserable. People in light-polluted areas feel deeply depressed, irritable, and their eyesight is also damaged for a long time. It is stimulated by reflected light and decreases; in hot summer, reflected light can increase the indoor temperature, making household appliances and furniture prone to aging. Thirdly, for those concave architectural design floors, the glass curtain wall is objectively a reflector. This can easily cause a fire.

Some architects suggest that it is not appropriate to design glass curtain walls in downtown areas, densely populated areas, traffic thoroughfares, etc., or to use them in high-rise parts to solve the problem of light pollution.

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