Safety knowledge of tower crane

1. What is the common sense of crane safety?

1. aerial workers should fasten their seat belts. The use and wearing of seat belts shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Seat belts" (GB6095).

2, in the process of building construction, use dense mesh safety net to close the building (or take limb protection measures). 3. In the process of building construction, effective measures should be taken to cover and fix all kinds of holes on the construction site and buildings firmly.

4. Personnel concentrated activities and protective sheds should be erected above the entrances and exits. 5, aerial work safety technical measures should be determined in the construction scheme, and completed before the construction, the final acceptance to confirm that meets the requirements.

6, aerial work personnel should be in accordance with the provisions, regular physical examination. 7. If there are no maintenance facilities at the working edge or the maintenance height is less than 800 mm, main protective facilities must be set; The height of protective railing in horizontal working face is 1.

2m, protective railings should be closed with safety nets, or skirting boards with a height of not less than 180mm should be set at the bottom of the railings. 8. When working at the height of the hole and the edge of the hole, protective facilities must be set up, including the edge of the pile hole, the edge of the groove and the edge of the hole reserved for installing equipment and pipelines. These are all formed by the construction technology.

9, smaller holes, should use a solid cover tightly, the cover should be able to prevent displacement; Large openings should be closed with safety net or cover plate, and protective railings should be set around the openings. .

2. Tower crane safety knowledge

Building tower crane is a kind of tower crane that we often use, and it is also a popular one for tower crane leasing companies.

The boom form of tower crane can be divided into horizontal type and pressure bar type. When the boom is horizontal, the truck runs along the horizontal boom, and the luffing motion is balanced. Its boom is long, but its weight is heavy.

When the boom is a pressure bar, the luffing mechanism drags the boom to pitch and luff, and the luffing action is not as smooth as horizontal, but its weight is small. The lifting capacity of tower crane varies with the amplitude.

The product of lifting weight and amplitude is called load torque, which is the main technical parameter of this crane. Through the slewing mechanism and slewing support, the tower crane has a large lifting height and a large inertia mass of rotation and walking, so it needs good speed regulation performance. In particular, the hoisting mechanism requires fast light load, slow heavy load and micro-motion in place.

Generally speaking, in addition to resistance speed regulation, eddy current braking, frequency modulation, pole changing, thyristor and electromechanical combination are also commonly used for speed regulation. In order to ensure safety, the tower crane has good safety devices, such as lifting weight, amplitude variation, height and load torque, as well as travel limit switch, tower top signal lamp, anemometer, windproof rail clamp, ladder retaining ring, walkway guardrail, etc.

The cab requires comfort, convenient operation, good vision and perfect communication equipment. Inspection points of tower crane 1) Metal structures, especially high-strength bolts, should be cleaned of dust, paint, ink marks and rust, and tightened with a torque hand or a special wrench according to the assembly technical requirements.

2) The transmission system of each mechanism, including whether the bearing clearance of each working transmission mechanism is appropriate, whether the gear engagement is good, and whether the brake is sensitive. 3) Wear of steel wire rope and pulley, and whether the fixation is reliable.

4) Whether the electrical components are in good condition, the degree of contact closure and the connection are correct and reliable. 5) Whether the contact between the traveling wheel and the track is good and whether the rail clamp is reliable.

Whether the connecting bolts and clamping blocks are firm and reliable when installing accessory devices and internal climbing devices.

3. What problems should tower crane drivers pay attention to?

1) Tower crane driver: 1. Always check the appearance of tower crane, and record the connection of structural components, the wear of electrical devices and transmission mechanisms, and the wear of wire ropes. If there are potential safety hazards, timely report or timely repair or replacement.

2, do a good job of daily maintenance, standard section connecting screws must be checked once a week (tighten). 3. Before lifting, check the hoisting, slewing and walking mechanisms, as well as the brakes, brakes and protective devices. After it is confirmed to be normal, normal construction (lifting objects) can be carried out.

4, the driver should know the weight of the lifting object, shall not be overloaded. 5. Drivers and commanders should cooperate closely and communicate in time to prevent misoperation.

6, the driver should be in the process of lifting sound signal. 7. When the tower crane is running, no one can be under the crane. When lifting the crane, the driver should try to avoid the crowd, and the crane should not pass above the crowd.

8. No one is allowed to rise or fall with the hanging objects. 9, adhere to the principle of "ten don't lift", it is forbidden to cable-stayed or lifting buried objects, etc.

10, all kinds of limit of tower crane are strictly prohibited to dismantle or change. 1 1, there should be enough lighting for construction at night.

12, level 5 and above, no running is allowed in bad weather such as strong wind or rain and fog. 2) Tower crane driver, person in charge of construction team, team leader, and operator using tower crane: 1. Before lifting all kinds of objects, it is necessary to check the wear of wire rope.

If the wire rope is broken, it is forbidden to use it. It is forbidden to use it when the fixture fails.

Not at all. 2. The general contractor team of 1# building must assign special personnel to take charge of tower crane command.

If you don't set up a full-time tower crane command, all the consequences will be at your own risk. 3. The hoisted objects must be firmly bound, safe and effective, and the material specifications are unified.

It is forbidden to tie the same materials with different specifications and lengths together for lifting or pile them on the material platform; Different materials are not allowed to be mixed together, bundled and lifted, or stacked on the material platform. When lifting the steel pipe, the fasteners and clips on the steel pipe must be removed to avoid falling and injuring people and destroying things.

Steel pipes with different specifications are not allowed to be stacked on the material platform, and steel pipes with different specifications are not allowed to be tied together for lifting. When lifting wood square, board and bamboo plywood, the length must be consistent, and the lifting should be classified. Mixing and bundling are prohibited.

It is forbidden to mix and lift steel pipes with wood squares, plates, bamboo veneer and other materials, and it is also forbidden to pile steel pipes with wood squares, plates, bamboo veneer and other materials on the material platform. 4, it is forbidden to overload, overload lifting.

5. When lifting large formwork and steel formwork, the formwork must be completely separated from the concrete wall, and all kinds of connections must be completely lifted. The side of the suspended formwork shall not be stuck by other formwork or objects.

Otherwise, lifting is not allowed. In the process of lifting, the tower crane driver should keep in touch with the following operators or tower crane commanders at any time.

If the hoisted object is stuck by steel bars, shelves or other objects, it is forbidden to continue lifting, and it must be stopped immediately before lifting. 6. When hoisting large steel formwork or other materials and objects, only when the distance between the large steel formwork or other materials and objects to be hoisted is less than 1 m can the operators on the floor (ground) approach the support.

7, lifting large steel mold, there must be a specialist command (responsible for contact with tower crane), specialist help mold, installation. Commanders, operators and installers must cooperate with each other.

8. Before pouring concrete, large slabs of temporary walkways must be laid, and protective railings should also be checked. If there is any damage, it must be filled up to prevent accidents. The specific requirements are as follows: ① The height of guardrail is 1.

0~ 1。 Between 2 meters, two horizontal railings and safety nets shall be installed at the same time.

(2) Temporary walkway boards must be laid firmly, fixedly and stably. Each large slab should be laid well, and there should be no "missing (empty) head" phenomenon, so as to avoid laying hidden dangers and causing unnecessary safety accidents.

(3) When pouring concrete, be sure to move forward, and don't hold the catheter backwards, so as to avoid falling or tripping, causing unsafe accidents. 9, rain (snow), fog, strong winds and other bad weather for concrete pouring, but also to put safety first, we must do a good job of protecting workers.

All construction personnel must wear safety helmets and non-slip shoes to prevent unsafe accidents. 10, in the cantilever and suspended parts for construction work, scaffolding (board) must be set up according to the requirements of safety operation procedures or specifications, and fasten your seat belt.

It is forbidden to stand on steel pipes and columns (walls and single beams) for construction work. Five, the construction personnel, it is forbidden to enter the construction site, especially women and children are strictly prohibited to enter the construction site.

All personnel entering the construction site must wear safety helmets and take the safe passage. All non-construction personnel who enter the construction site without permission, or all personnel who enter the construction site without taking the safe passage, will bear the consequences for all unsafe accidents.

Six, special type of work, must hold relevant certificates to operate the corresponding work. Non-professional mechanical operators are not allowed to use or operate machinery at will.

Tower crane, construction elevator, concrete mixer, electric saw (circular saw), electric welding machine, vibrator, external climbing electric hoist, various distribution boxes (panels and cabinets), hand-held power tools, gas cutting (welding), etc. It must be operated and used by professionals and special personnel with corresponding certificates. In the process of operation and use, written disclosure and corresponding operating procedures and specifications must be strictly observed.

All consequences of illegal operation and use shall be borne by yourself. Seven, scaffolder must do a good job in each floor, limb, hole, elevator shaft and other safety protection, all kinds of safety protection must be in line with the requirements of the current specification, must be safe and effective.

Without the written consent of the project department, no type of work or individual may dismantle or change all kinds of protection. Eight, climbing frame in addition to support the legs of large steel template according to the design requirements, it is strictly prohibited to pile up steel pipes, templates, wood square, steel bars and other materials and all kinds of sundry.

The sundries of the corresponding type of work must be cleaned up immediately and must not be piled up on it. Nine, external climbing frame protection must be sealed tightly and effectively. During normal use, pebbles and other objects will not fall.

The erection, dismantling, climbing and landing of external climbing frame must be carried out in accordance with the design requirements, written disclosure and current relevant specifications, and illegal operation is strictly prohibited. Ten, the turnover materials on the material platform must be hoisted or transported to the floor in time.

4. Tower crane safety knowledge

Building tower crane is a kind of tower crane that we often use, and it is also a popular one for tower crane leasing companies. The boom form of tower crane can be divided into horizontal type and pressure bar type.

When the boom is horizontal, the truck runs along the horizontal boom, and the luffing motion is balanced. Its boom is long, but its weight is heavy. When the boom is a pressure bar, the luffing mechanism drags the boom to pitch and luff, and the luffing action is not as smooth as horizontal, but its weight is small.

The lifting capacity of tower crane varies with the amplitude. The product of lifting weight and amplitude is called load torque, which is the main technical parameter of this crane. Through the slewing mechanism and slewing support, the tower crane has a large lifting height and a large inertia mass of rotation and walking, so it needs good speed regulation performance. In particular, the hoisting mechanism requires fast light load, slow heavy load and micro-motion in place. Generally speaking, in addition to resistance speed regulation, eddy current braking, frequency modulation, pole changing, thyristor and electromechanical combination are also commonly used for speed regulation.

In order to ensure safety, the tower crane has good safety devices, such as lifting weight, amplitude variation, height and load torque, as well as travel limit switch, tower top signal lamp, anemometer, windproof rail clamp, ladder retaining ring, walkway guardrail, etc. The cab requires comfort, convenient operation, good vision and perfect communication equipment.

Inspection points of tower crane

1) metal structures, especially high-strength bolts, should be cleaned of dust, paint, ink stains and rust on the connection surface, and tightened with a torque hand or a special wrench according to the assembly technical requirements.

2) The transmission system of each mechanism, including whether the bearing clearance of each working transmission mechanism is appropriate, whether the gear engagement is good, and whether the brake is sensitive.

3) Wear of steel wire rope and pulley, and whether the fixation is reliable.

4) Whether the electrical components are in good condition, the degree of contact closure and the connection are correct and reliable.

5) Whether the contact between the traveling wheel and the track is good and whether the rail clamp is reliable. Whether the connecting bolts and clamping blocks are firm and reliable when installing accessory devices and internal climbing devices.

5. What are the safety rules of crane technology?

Operators should understand the mechanical operation and maintenance methods of cranes; You should have common sense of crane electrical equipment, be familiar with the quality of wire rope and hook and the hanging angle, and have some practical operation experience. 2。

Check the tools such as wire rope and hook used before driving. If it does not meet the safety requirements, it shall not be used. No matter how big or small the hook is, it is not allowed to hang people.

3。 It is stipulated that the lifting weight of 3/8 "steel wire rope is 700kg；; The initial capacity of 1/2 "steel wire rope is1000 kg; The initial capacity of 5/8 "steel wire rope is 1800kg.

4。 Before use, check whether all parts of the car are in good condition, then close the master brake and send out an exact signal.

5。 When lifting, the crane no-load hook should be hoisted several times.

Check carefully, report to the center leader in time when problems are found, and work can be started only after it is repaired. After repair, it can only be used after trial hoisting.

6。 When driving, safety precautions: (1) The hook should be placed vertically on the hoisted goods.

It is forbidden to hang obliquely. (2) It is forbidden to lift heavy objects that are not firmly bound or have an incorrect center of gravity. It must be fastened before lifting.

(3) It is not allowed to lift the weight exceeding the rated load. If you don't know the load, be sure to find out before lifting.

(4) It is forbidden to use hook, hook to stay or lift the workpiece by hand. (5) When the object is still on the ground, it is not allowed to drive, so as to avoid shaking and hurting people after lifting.

(6) It is forbidden to use the hook of the crane to pull the buried items. It is forbidden to hang anything with hemp rope, thread rope and triangle belt.

(7) When lifting, the driver can only obey the signals and commands of the fixed personnel. (8) When driving into the tail end and baffle, release the switch in advance.

(9) If the crane or other equipment is found to be damaged during the work, the load shall be put down and the person in charge shall be informed. If you can't put down the load, you should set up signs where the load may fall. 7. Safety precautions after parking: (1) Don't leave the load in the suspended position.

(2) The hook for driving should be about half of the waist.