College Entrance Examination Syllabus Requirements for Classical Chinese

1. What are the requirements for the high school classical Chinese syllabus

The requirements for the study of classical Chinese in the high school Chinese syllabus are: The requirements for the study of classical Chinese in the high school Chinese syllabus are: recitation of classical poetry and simple classical Chinese , recite a certain number of famous articles.

Master the common classical content words, function words and sentence patterns in the text, be able to understand the meaning of words and sentences, read the text, and learn to use modern concepts to examine the content and ideological tendency of the work. Based on the characteristics of the text and the requirements of the syllabus, I established the following teaching objectives: 1. Understand the writers’ works and related historical facts.

2. Accumulate knowledge of classical Chinese words and sentences. 3. Learn to read creatively.

4. Learn to comment on historical figures in two parts. 5. Establish a correct view of reading history.

6. Feel the spirit of forbearance and indignation in writing. Reference materials: College Student Examination Network: /.

2. Please list all the content words and function words that need to be mastered in the high school classical Chinese syllabus

I don’t know if these can help you

Classical Chinese occupies the college entrance examination Chinese reading Part of half of the country is equal to modern Chinese reading. With the comprehensive promotion and continuous deepening of the second phase of the curriculum reform, the intensity of inspection of classical Chinese will gradually increase. The reading of classical Chinese is somewhat more difficult than that of modern literature, and it is also the area where students lose the most points. It is also easy to widen the gap between students. Therefore, many high school students are confused in reviewing classical Chinese. In this regard, it is recommended that everyone be familiar with the test sites. The "Examination Instructions" describes the examination of classical Chinese texts as follows: "Be able to interpret common classical Chinese words, identify common classical Chinese sentence patterns, and translate classical Chinese sentences in modern Chinese; be able to memorize a certain number of famous classical Chinese articles and sentences."

Explanation of common classical Chinese words

The so-called common classical Chinese words are classical Chinese words that often appear in our texts. The so-called "explanation of common classical Chinese words" mainly refers to content words. There are three versions of H, S and new textbooks in Shanghai now, but no matter which version, the chapters of traditional classics are always on the list of must-selects, and common classical Chinese substantive words exist in the chapters of traditional classics. Therefore, our classmates must be familiar with the text and transfer it. The so-called explanatory classical Chinese words in the college entrance examination papers are nothing more than the transfer of common classical Chinese words in classic texts. According to statistics, there are the following 120 common content words in classical Chinese:

Ai, An, Bei, Bei, Ben, Despise, Soldier, Disease, Cha, Chao, Zeng, Cheng, Cheng, Chu, Ci, Ci , from, almost, when, dao, get, save, non, complex, negative, cover, therefore, solid, care, return, country, over, he, hate, Hu, trouble, or, disease, and, that is, both , false, temporary, view, solution, Jiu, Jiu, Jue, Kan, Ke, kind, pity, Mi, Mo, Nei, period, strange, transfer, please, poor, go, persuade, but, such, if, good , less, she, victory, knowledge, enable, yes, suitable, book, which, attribute, number, rate, say, private, element, soup, tears, disciple, death, king, hope, evil, micro, all, phase , Xie, Xin, Xing, Xing, Xing, Xiu, Xu, Xu, Yang, Yao, Yi, Yi, Yi, Yi, Yin, You, Zai, Zao, Zhi, Zhi, Zhi, Zhi, Zhu, Thieves, Clan , pawn, walk, left, sit.

In addition, the usage of common classical Chinese function words is also included in the scope of investigation. Function words in classical Chinese are more complex, flexible and diverse than content words, and difficult to distinguish and grasp. There are 18 common classical Chinese function words, namely: zhi, qi, and, then, yi, nai, yu, zhe, yue, ye, hu, yan, and, he, wei, if, and, so.

Identify common classical Chinese sentence patterns

Common classical Chinese sentence patterns include judgmental sentences, passive sentences, omitted sentences, inverted sentences and fixed sentence patterns, etc. In particular, inversion sentences, including object preposition, attributive postposition, prepositional structure postposition, adverbial postposition, subject-predicate inversion, etc., have a higher chance of being inspected. Students can classify and sort out the sentences in the text according to the characteristics of various sentence patterns. In this way, they can not only become familiar with the text (so-called dragnet review), but also identify and master common classical Chinese sentence patterns.

Translating Classical Chinese Sentences into Chinese

This is actually an examination of the candidate’s ability to comprehensively use classical Chinese, including both content words and function words; and the use of parts of speech. (Conjugation of nouns into verbs, conjugation of verbs into nouns, conjugation of adjectives into verbs, conjugation of adjectives into nouns, usage of causative verbs, usage of ideational verbs, etc.) There is also an examination of special sentence patterns in classical Chinese, as well as an examination of candidates' use of modern Chinese The ability to organize language. When translating classical Chinese sentences, you generally need to look at the score settings to determine how many points to give. Generally, one point is 1 point, and then determine which key content words must be explained, and which special grammatical phenomena the sentence contains, which must be passed Translation reflects that you must have a clear plan in mind, otherwise, there will be countless thoughts in your mind and you will not be able to win much.

Able to write famous classical Chinese passages silently

The college entrance examination usually requires four sentences to be chosen from five sentences, worth 4 points. Take care of both inside and outside the classroom. Both prose and poetry. In class, pay attention to the cross-recited passages from the three versions. For now, the chapters to be recited across the three versions are: "Shi Shuo", "Drinking", "Pipa Xing" (second paragraph), "Sleepwalking Tianmu Yin Liu Farewell", "Xiang Jixuan Zhi" (first paragraph) Paragraph), "Treatise on the Six Kingdoms". Outside of class, I mainly focus on those familiar famous quotes. You must be careful not to have too many words, missing words, or changed words. You must not make typos. You must know that if one word is wrong, the entire 1 point will be lost, and all the previous efforts will be wasted. The dictation of famous classical Chinese articles and sentences is mainly to examine the attitude of our students who have accumulated solid knowledge.

In this way, if you are aware of yourself and know yourself and your enemy, your review of classical Chinese will not be aimless. 3. What are the essential ancient poems and essays required by the new national curriculum standards for college entrance examination?

14 high school essays , 50 articles for junior high school, ***64 articles (the college entrance examination syllabus published by Wanwei requires memorization of ancient poems and essays, which are very complete). Must-memorize articles for high school (14 articles) 1. Encouragement to learn (Junzi Day: It is impossible to learn) It has been used for restlessness) 2. Xiaoyaoyou (the fish saint in the North Ming Dynasty has no name) 3. Master said 4. Afang Palace Fu 5. Chibi Fu 6. Gang 7. Li Sao (taking a long breath to cover your tears, how can you punish your heart) 8. The Road to Shu is Difficult 9. Climbing High 10. Playing the Pipa 11. Jinse 12. Poppy (When Will the Spring Flowers and Autumn Moon Come) 13. Nian Nujiao Chibi Nostalgic 14. Yongyu Le Jingkou Bei Guting Nostalgia Junior High School Must Memorize Chapters (50 articles) 1. Quotations of Confucius 2. What I want is what I want Mencius 3. Born in sorrow, died in happiness Mencius 4. Cao GUI’s polemic on Zuo Zhuan 5. Zou Ji satirizes the king of Qi for accepting advice and war against national policy 6. Zhuge Liang as a teacher 7. Tao Qian in Peach Blossom Spring 8. Three Gorges Li Daoyuan 9. Miscellaneous remarks (4) Han Yu 10. Inscription on the humble house Liu Yuxi 11. Notes on Xiaoshitan Liu Zongyuan 12. Notes on Yueyang Tower Fan Zhongyan 13. Notes on Drunkard Pavilion Ouyang Xiu 14. Ailian on Zhou Dunyi 15. Notes on a night tour of Chengtian Temple by Su Shi 16. Preface to Sending Ma Sheng to Dongyang (Excerpt) Song Lian 17. Guan Ju (Guan Guan Ju Jiu) The Book of Songs 18. Jian Jia (Jian Jia Cang Cang) The Book of Songs 19. Viewing the Canghai (Jieshi to the east) Cao Cao 20. Drinking (making a hut in a human environment) Tao Qian 21 .send Du Shaofu to be appointed as Shuzhou (Chengque assists the Three Qin Dynasties) Wang Bo 22. The next time is at the foot of Beigu Mountain (outside the Qingshan Mountain on the guest road) Wang Wan 23. Envoys arrive at the fortress (bicycles want to ask about the side) Wang Wei 24. Hearing that Wang Changling moved to the left to the dragon Biao Yao sent this message (Yang) Li Bai 25. Traveling is difficult (golden bottles of sake are worth ten thousand) Li Bai 26. Looking at the mountains (how is Dai Zongfu) Du Fu 27. Spring look (the country is broken and the mountains and rivers are there) Du Fu 28. Thatched hut is broken by the autumn wind Song (Autumn High in August) Du Fu 29. Bai Xuege sent Magistrate Wu back to Beijing (North Wind Volume) Cen Shen 30. In early spring, he presented Zhang Shiba of the Ministry of Water to the outside (Tianjie) Han Yu 31. Reward Lotte at the first meeting in Yangzhou with a gift ( Ba) Liu Yuxi 32. Viewing the Cutting of Wheat (Tian Jia Shao Xian Yue) Bai Juyi 33. Spring Tour to Qiantang Lake (North of Gushan Temple and West of Jia Pavilion) Bai Juyi 34. Yanmen Taishou’s Journey (Dark Clouds Overwhelm the City and Want to Destroy it) Li He 35. Red Cliff (Broken halberd and sinking in the sand, the iron is not sold) Du Mu 36. Parking in Qinhuai (Smoke cage, cold water, moon cage cage sand) Du Mu 37. Night rain sent to the north (I asked about the return date but no date) Li Shangyin 38. Untitled (It is difficult to say goodbye when we meet) Li Shangyin 39. Happy Meeting (Speechless Alone on the West Tower) Li Yu 40. Fisherman's Proud (The scenery is different in autumn) Fan Zhongyan 41. Huanxisha (a new song with a glass of wine) Yan Shu 42. Climbing Feilai Peak (Feilai Peak) Qianxun Pagoda) Wang Anshi 43. Jiang Chengzi (I talk about being a teenager) Su Shi 44. Shui Tiao Ge Tou (When will the bright moon come out) Su Shi 45. Touring Shanxi Village (Mo Xiao Farmer’s wax wine is muddy) Lu You 46. Po Zhenzi (Dui Li) Reading the sword by burning the lamp) Xin Qiji 47. Crossing the Lingding Ocean (Hard Suffering Reminisces) Wen Tianxiang 48. Tianjingsha · Qiu Si (Withered Vine and Old Tree and Dark Crows) Ma Zhiyuan 49. Hillside Sheep · Tong Caring for the Ancient (Peaks and Mountains Like Gathering) Zhang Yanghao 50. Jihai Miscellaneous Poems (Hao Dang Li) Gong Zizhen These are included in the new curriculum standards for the College Entrance Examination, and our teacher unanimously assigned this book~~. 4. Translation of key classical Chinese texts stipulated in the college entrance examination syllabus

At the beginning, Wei Yuanzhong, a doctor from Zuotai and the third rank of Tongfengge Luantai, was the governor of Luoyang. Listen to things; Yuan Zhong reaches the official position and scolds him. Zhang Yi's slaves rioted in the city, and Yuan Zhong killed them with a stick. When she became prime minister, the Empress Dowager summoned Changqi, the governor of Qizhou, the younger brother of Yi. She wanted to challenge him as the governor of Yongzhou, so she asked the prime minister: "Who is worthy of Yongzhou?" Yuan Zhong said to him: "The current courtiers cannot change Xue Jichang." The Empress Dowager said. : "Ji Chang has been in the capital for a long time, and I want to get rid of one official. How will it be in the Chang period?" All the ministers said: "Your Majesty has found someone." Yuan Zhong said alone: ??"The Chang period is unbearable!" The Queen Mother asked the reason, Yuan Zhong said: "A young man in the Chang period has no time to do official work. In Qizhou, his household registration has been exhausted. In the imperial capital of Yongzhou, the work is complicated and dramatic, and it is not as good as Ji Changqiang who is accustomed to doing things." The Queen Mother stopped silently.

"Wu Zetian was very angry and ordered Wei Yuanzhong and Gao Jian to be arrested and imprisoned, and prepared for them to confront Zhang Changzong on the spot in the court. Zhang Changzong secretly 5. What are the requirements for classical Chinese in high school Chinese courses

The overall requirements for classical Chinese in the high school Chinese curriculum standards:

As high school students in the 21st century, they must improve their cultural taste and aesthetic taste, have Chinese literacy that adapts to actual needs, and cultivate a love for the fine traditional culture of the Chinese nation. To think and feel, we must read as much ancient literary works as possible. The development, progress and modernization of society must not abandon our fine traditions. The ancient literary works that can be passed down to today have been tested by long-term practice and passed through history. "The Great Wave" has nurtured and infected generations of people, and it is often read and updated. It has eternal artistic charm. High school students can not only cultivate the ability to read simple classical Chinese, but also cultivate the ability to appreciate literature. It also helps high school students read more ancient works. In order to improve students' cultural taste and aesthetic taste. Therefore, ancient literary works account for about 41% of the new textbooks. However, our requirements for classical Chinese are only to read, understand, recite and focus on some classical Chinese words and sentences. 6. Looking for 18 classical Chinese function words and 120 classical Chinese content words required by the college entrance examination syllabus

***18 classical Chinese function words [er, he, almost, nai, qi, and, if, so, wei, yan, ye , with, because of, with, with, then, who, it] Content words have real meanings and can serve as sentence components alone and can generally answer questions alone.

Content words include nouns, verbs, adjectives, numerals, Six categories of quantifiers and pronouns. In classical Chinese, there are a large number of content words. Mastering more classical Chinese content words is the key to improving the ability to read classical Chinese.

When learning classical Chinese content words, special attention should be paid to its four grammatical features. The main characteristics are: first, the polysemy of a word, second, the change of word meaning in ancient and modern times, third, the flexible use of parts of speech, and fourth, there are several ways to study the meaning of common content words in classical Chinese.

(1) Text transfer method This method requires learning the classical Chinese well and being able to transfer it when appropriate. (2) Principle test method uses common sense or learned knowledge to infer the meaning of words in the text. If it does not conform to common sense and logic, It is necessary to consider whether there is a phenomenon of falsehood. (3) The contextual inference method is used to see whether the content words are consistent with the context in the classical Chinese text. The common ones are the praise and criticism of the content words.

(4) The grammatical inference method is used. Grammatical knowledge analyzes the meaning of special content words. (5) Intertextual synonymy method has the same sentence structure as synonymous correspondence and antonym correspondence, and can be inferred by comparing the context. (6) Idiom inference method We can infer from the idioms we know. Find out the meaning of content words in classical Chinese and see if the transfer is smooth. The key to answering classical Chinese test questions in nine ways is to firmly grasp the basic knowledge of classical Chinese and cultivate the comprehensive ability of analysis and judgment on this basis.

In daily life. In the study, we should pay attention to the study of content words and function words, implement the meaning and usage of words one by one, and then grasp the characteristics of classical Chinese sentence patterns. The following introduces several methods for inferring the meaning of content words in classical Chinese.

1. Infer the meaning of the word from the glyph. Among Chinese characters, pictophonetic characters account for the majority.

Pictophonetic characters are divided into two parts, the phonetic symbol and the meaning symbol. The meaning symbol provides conditions for us to infer the meaning of the word. For example: "Qiang and oar disappeared into ashes", we know that "Qiang" is a wooden "ship", but we don't understand "Qiang" very well, but we know that "Qiang" comes from "wood" and is combined with the word "橹" The words are all about ship equipment, so it can be inferred that "樯橹" means "ship", and a metaphorical figure of speech is used.

2. Infer the meaning of the characters from Tongjia. Tongqiu characters in classical Chinese are an obstacle to straightening out the sentences, but we can deduce the meaning of the original character as long as we follow the rules of Tongqiu characters.

For example, "the army can achieve complete victory without fatigue." If "du" is understood as "fatigue", it becomes "the weapon can achieve complete victory without fatigue." The meaning is obviously unreasonable. At this time, " The meaning of "pause" becomes the key to understanding the whole sentence.

At this time, if we think of the word "blunt" which means "not sharp" according to the law of homonyms and similar shapes, we can translate the whole sentence as "(without fighting) the weapons are still sharp and victory can be completely won." , the meaning of the sentence becomes clear and clear.

3. Infer word meaning based on word structure. There are laws to follow in Chinese word formation, and the meaning of the word can be inferred by following its word formation.

For example, "Cunzi" in "The people are rich but don't know Cunzi" is a parallel phrase. As long as we know that "shirt" means "compassion", then "cun", which is synonymous with it, has the meaning of "comfort" that is related to "shirt".

Another example is that "survival" in "the principle of survival" is an antonym, and "cun" means "survival". 4. Infer word meanings based on intertextuality.

The combination format of intertext is a common phenomenon in ancient Chinese. For example, "Death comes out of the land, exhausts the entry into the hut." The "death" and "exhaust" here are intertextual.

If you know that "exhaust" means "end", you can infer that "殚" also means "end". 5. Infer the meaning of the word based on the text.

In a sentence, if the meanings expressed are opposite to each other, one of the words used constitutes an antonym to the other. For example: "I have been thinking about it all day long, and it is not as good as what I learned in a moment."

We know "all day long" and "a moment". It is an antonym, so we can infer that "Xuyu" means "short time" from "all day" meaning "all day long".

6. Infer the meaning of the word based on the context. This method is to use the semantic meaning of the context to infer the meaning of the word to be explained.

For example, when Miao Xian praised Lin Xiangru to the King of Zhao, he said, "I think the warrior is a warrior". If it is interpreted as "brave" or "courage", it is obviously inappropriate, but if it is connected to the following By examining the word "wily" and his performance in "Returning the Perfect Bibi to Zhao" and "The Meeting at Mianchi", we can deduce that "warrior" in the sentence refers to "a courageous person". 7. Extend the meaning of the word along with the text.

Words have original meanings and extended meanings. If we can't explain it according to the original meaning of the word, we can consider it from the extended meaning of the word.

For example, the original meaning of "pee" in "court clothes, crown, looking glass" is to look in from a small hole or slit. It is obviously unexplainable according to this original meaning. We can follow its original meaning and infer that it is The meaning of "photo". 8. Fill in the omitted components and infer the meaning of the word.

In classical Chinese, some sentence components are omitted, which undoubtedly increases the difficulty of understanding the meaning of the sentence. For example, the meaning of the word "Benz" in "Although you ride on the wind but not with speed" is difficult to implement. If you add the word "horse" after the word "Benz", the meaning of the word "Benz" can be realized as "running" "Horse", so that the whole sentence becomes fluent.

9. Use syntax analysis to deduce the meaning of words. In the translation and understanding of classical Chinese, syntax analysis can be used to determine the word categories, and then the word meaning can be deduced based on the word categories.

This method is more effective in explaining polysemy words, conjugated words, pseudo-words, and function words across several categories. For example: in the sentence "It's hard to find a letter in the vast mist", from a structural point of view, it is in front of the adverbial "difficult" and the predicate "quest". It can be inferred that its part of speech is an adverb, so it can be interpreted as "certainly" ” means.

Several interpretation methods discussed above can be used in problem solving according to the specific requirements of the question stem and question limbs, or they can be used comprehensively and repeatedly inferred from different aspects to achieve the goal. Improve problem-solving accuracy. 7. Provide an explanation of 120 classical Chinese content words required by the college entrance examination syllabus

.安, ān

(1) Adjectives

①Safe, safe

Thanks to Zhuang Sui'an. ("Feng Wanzhen")

——Xie Zhuang was safe.

②Safety

Peaceful as a mountain, unmoved by wind and rain. ("Song of a Thatched House Broken by the Autumn Wind")

- As stable as a mountain in the wind and rain.

③Stable and comfortable

Don’t worry about scarcity but worry about inequality, don’t worry about poverty but worry about insecurity. ("Ji's General Defeats Zhuan Yu")

- Don't worry about the lack of (things) but worry about uneven distribution; don't worry about poverty but worry about social instability.

(2) Verb

①Settle down

If you don’t dare to focus on food and clothing, you must divide it among people. ("Zuo Zhuan? The Debate on Cao GUI")

——The clothing and food that make people live in peace and contentment should not be kept by themselves, but must be shared with others.

②Resettlement

There is Wang Ping'an Camp ten miles away from the mountain. ("Romance of the Three Kingdoms? Lost Street Pavilion") 8. The content words and function words in classical Chinese required by the college entrance examination syllabus

The meaning and usage of function words in classical Chinese are classified and organized 1. Conjunctions.

Can connect words, phrases and clauses to express various relationships. For example: (1) Indicates a parallel relationship.

For example: A crab kneels six times and has two pincers, and there is no place for sustenance other than snakes and eels. (2) Indicates a progressive relationship. For example: A gentleman is knowledgeable and considers himself every day.

(3) Indicates the undertaking relationship. (4) Represents a turning relationship.

For example: Green is taken from blue, and green from blue (5) represents a hypothetical relationship. For example: If you are interested, you can look at the horse's head (6) to express a modified relationship.

For example: ① I stoop and look up, it is not as good as climbing high to gain insights. 7) It expresses the relationship between cause and effect. For example: It expresses evil and does not use it. (8) Expresses the purpose relationship.

For example: Manli is farsighted, but looks lucky 2. Pronoun. The second person is usually used as an attributive and is translated as "your". Occasionally, it is used as a subject and is translated as "you".

For example: If Weng Changquan moves to the capital, you will serve your mother day and night. He 1. Interrogative pronoun. (1) Use as a separate predicate to ask the reason, often followed by the modal particles "zai" and "ye".

Such as: Who? The power of a great country is to cultivate respect. ("The Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru") I try to follow the benevolent heart of ancient times, or do it differently from the two. Why? ("Yueyang Tower") (2) As an object, it mainly refers to places and things, and can be translated as "where" and "what".

When translating, "He" should be placed after. Where does Yuzhou want to go now? ("The Battle of Red Cliff") What's wrong with the king? ("Hongmen Banquet") (3) As an attributive, it can be translated as "what" and "which".

But when will it be happy? ("Yueyang Tower") During the morning and evening, I heard something, cuckoos singing and blood apes wailing. ("Pipa") 2. Adverb.

(1) Used at the beginning of a sentence or before a verb, it often expresses a rhetorical question and can be translated as "why" or "how". Why don't you put on your armor and attack from the north? ("The Battle of Red Cliff") How can Duke Xu be as good as you? ("Zou Ji satirizes the King of Qi for accepting advice") (2) Used before adjectives, it expresses a deep degree and can be translated as "how", "how much", "how so".

As for swearing to heaven and cutting off your hair, weeping and staining your lapel, how bad is it! ("Preface to the Biography of Lingguan") 3. The polyphonic function words "He Ru" and "Why". (1) "He Ru" is often used in interrogative sentences to express questions or interrogations, which is equivalent to "how?" or "what kind of".

For example: Fan Kuai said: "How are things going today?" "("Hongmen Banquet") How about a bicycle instead? ("Xinling Lord Steals Talisman to Save Zhao") Why do you think Yuan is so human? ("Tan Sitong") (2) "Why" means "Why" ", an introductory phrase, is used as an adverbial in a question sentence. According to the different usages of "yi", it is equivalent to "what to take", "with what", etc. When someone is rich and honorable, how can he be treated with a single step? ("Tan Sitong" ) "Why?" "Xiang Jixuan Zhi") Is there any guest at this time? ("Book of Reporting to Liu Yizhang") Where do you want to go? ("Battle of Chibi") (2) It expresses the tone of measurement, which can be translated as "Ba" ".

If the king is very happy, he will be as happy as his concubines.

("Zhuang Bao Meets Mencius") (3) Used in exclamatory sentences, it can be translated as "ah", "ah", etc.

Woohoo! Who knew that Fu Lian's poison was like a snake? ("Snake Catcher's Talk") (4) Used at the pause in the sentence. Why not, what else do you want to do? ("Returning Words") 2. Preposition.

Equivalent to "yu". Born before me... ("Teacher's Statement") In addition, it can be used as the end of the word.

There must be room for ease in Hui Hui! ("Buding Jieniu") is 1. Adverb. It means that the two things before and after are logically consistent or the time is close, and can be translated as "just", "this is", etc.; it can also express that the two things before and after are inverse and contradictory in terms of reason and can be translated as "que". "Jing (ran)", "rather", "cai", etc.; can also express a restriction on the scope of things, which can be translated as "cai"? quot; etc.

For example: GUI said: " Meat eaters are despicable and fail to think far ahead. "That's when I came to see you.

("On the Battle of Cao GUI") Husband Zhao is strong but Yan is weak, and the king is lucky to the king of Zhao, so the king of Yan wants to marry you. Now the king is dead from Zhao and goes to Yan.

("The Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru") However, those who are poor will use the ax to attack and seek it. ("The Story of Shizhong Mountain") I dare to go to the jade.

("The Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru"). 》) King Xiang returned to the east city with twenty-eight cavalry.

It is only used as the second person, often as an attributive, and is translated as "you." ""; also used as the subject, translated as "you". It cannot be used as the object.

For example: Wang Shibei fixed the day of the Central Plains, and he never forgot to tell Nai Weng about family sacrifices. (Lu You's "Shi'er") 3. In judgment sentences, it plays the role of confirmation and can be translated as "yes", "yes", etc.

For example: If things go wrong, this is heaven ("The Battle of Chibi") Ying is Yimen.

("Xinling Jun steals the talisman to save Zhao") 1. Pronouns are divided into several situations: (1) Third-person pronouns can be used to refer to people and things. Before the noun, the attribute attribute can be translated as "his" or "its" (including plurals)

For example: The minister followed his plan, and the king was fortunate to pardon him ("The Biography of Lian Po Lin Xiangru"). 》) (2) Third person pronouns.

Generally used before verbs or adjectives, as the small subject in the subject-predicate phrase. For example: The King of Qin was afraid that he would destroy the jade ("The Biography of Lian Po Lin Xiangru"). ) "Qi Ba Bi" is used as the object) He heard the Tao before me.

("The Master said" "Qi Wen Tao" is used as the subject) These are all words that can be seen ("Whip"). "薖" "Qi Kemu" is used as the object) (3) Conjugated as the first person

It can be used as an attributive or a small subject, and the visual sentence is translated as "my" or "my (myself)". ". For example: Now Su welcomes Cao, Cao should repay his hometown party with Su, appreciate his reputation, and still not lose his job as Cao.

("Battle of Chibi") And I also regret that I followed him This will not bring you the joy of traveling. ("Travel to Bao Chan Mountain") (4) Demonstrative pronouns, indicating distant reference.

As attributives, they can be translated as "that", "that" and "those." ""There". For example: Then it may be blamed on those who want to leave.

("Travel to Baochan Mountain") Now that we have captured Jingzhou, we are on the verge of losing our land. ("The Battle of Red Cliff") (V. ) Demonstrative pronoun, indicating "of", mostly followed by numerals.

For example: Pick one or two of them among the rocks ("The Story of Shizhong Mountain")

is placed at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence to express moods such as measurement, rhetoric, euphemism, and expectation. It is often combined with modal particles placed at the end of the sentence. Depending on the situation, it can be translated as "probably", "is it possible", "more", etc. or Omit. For example: Is this all the reason? ("Shi Shuo" expresses measurement) How can it be ridiculed ("You Bao Chan Mountain Notes" expresses counter-examination)

Don't be sad! ("Book with Wife" means Wan Shang).

9. Looking for high school classical Chinese and ancient poems that are required to be memorized in the college entrance examination syllabus

Articles that are required to be memorized in the college entrance examination syllabus:

14 high school articles:

Xunzi's "Encouraging Learning", Zhuangzi's "Xiaoyaoyou", Han Yu's "Shi Shuo", Du Mu's "Afang Palace Ode", Su Shi's "Red Cliff Ode", "The Book of Songs Wei Feng Mang", "Li Sao", Li Bai "The Road to Shu is Difficult", Du Fu "Deng Gao", Bai Juyi's "The Legend of the Pipa", Li Shangyin's "Jinse", Li Yu's "Yu Meiren" (When Are the Spring Flowers and Autumn Moon), Su Shi's "Nian Nujiao" (The Great River Goes East), Xin Qiji's "Yong Yu Le" (Eternal Rivers and Mountains).

50 articles for junior high school:

"Quotations of Confucius", Mencius "Fish I Want", Mencius "Born in Sorrow, Die in Peace", "Zuo Zhuan·Cao GUI's Debate" , "Warring States Policy: Zou Ji satirizes the King of Qi for accepting advice", Zhuge Liang's "Execution", Tao Qian's "The Story of Peach Blossom Spring", Li Daoyuan's "Three Gorges", Han Yu's "Miscellaneous Notes (4)", Liu Yuxi's "Inscription on the Humble House", Liu Zongyuan's "The Story of Xiaoshitan" ", Fan Zhongyan's "Yueyang Tower", Ouyang Xiu's "The Drunkard's Pavilion", Zhou Dunyi's "Love of Lotus", Su Shi's "Night Tour of Chengtian Temple", Song Lian's "Preface to Ma Sheng in Dongyang (Excerpt)", "The Book of Songs·Guan Ju" ", "The Book of Songs·Jianjia", Cao Cao's "Viewing the Sea", Tao Qian's "Drinking", Wang Bo's "Sending Du Shaofu to Shuzhou", Wang Wan's "Second Beigu Mountain", Wang Wei's "Envoy to the Fortress", Li Bai "I heard that Wang Changling moved to the left and Longbiao was far away", Li Bai "The Road is Difficult", Du Fu "Looking at the Mountains", Du Fu "Looking at Spring", Du Fu "Song of Thatched Cottage Broken by the Autumn Wind", Cen Shen's "Song of White Snow Sending Magistrate Wu Back to the Capital" , Han Yu's "Early Spring Presentation to Zhang Shiba of the Water Department", Liu Yuxi's "Rewarding Lotte and Seeing Gifts at the First Banquet in Yangzhou", Bai Juyi's "Viewing the Cutting of Wheat", Bai Juyi's "Spring Journey to Qiantang Lake", Li He's "The Journey of the Grand Administrator of Yanmen", Du Mu's "Red Cliff", Du Mu's "Po Qinhuai", Li Shangyin's "Night Rain Sends to the North", Li Shangyin's "Untitled", Li Yu's "Happy Meeting", Fan Zhongyan's "The Proud Fisherman", Yan Shu's "Huanxi Sand", Wang Anshi's "Climbing Feilai Peak", Su Shi's "Jiangchengzi·Hunting in Mizhou", Su Shi's "Shui Tiao Ge Tou", Lu You "Visiting Shanxi Village", Xin Qiji "Broken Array", Wen Tianxiang "Crossing Lingding Ocean", Ma Zhiyuan "Tianjingsha·Autumn Thoughts", Zhang Yanghao "Slope of Hillside" "Yang Tong Cares about the Ancients" and Gong Zizhen's "Miscellaneous Poems of Ji Hai".