How to write weekly letters and visits

News Training Lecture Notes of Beilun Public Administration Office-The first part of Li Tao's lecture on how to write press releases is a style that newspapers, radio stations and TV stations often use to record society, disseminate information and reflect the times. There are many kinds of it. Today, only the most frequently used news will be introduced. News, also called news. The concept of news has narrow sense and broad sense. Single-finger news in a narrow sense; Broadly speaking, it refers to news, communication, reportage, features, comments and so on. News is to report the recent, valuable and most concerned facts at home and abroad quickly and timely in a general narrative way and relatively concise words. First, the characteristics of the news: accurate, new, fast and accurate, the content is true and the facts are accurate. Truth is the life of news and the strength. Facts are its origin and its convincing foundation. Truth is the truth, and the characters, time, place, and development of things written cannot be fictional. Accuracy means that every fact, including details, is accurate. If a piece of news is distorted or has errors, it will not only reduce its news value and lose credibility with the people, but also affect our work. The content is fresh and valuable. News is valuable in novelty, and it has cognitive, enlightening and guiding significance. Only when the news is new can it attract readers' attention and get a sneak peek. Innovation means not only reporting new people, new events and new experiences to readers. But also choose something that is meaningful, valuable, enlightening and instructive. We don't take the view that "a dog bites a dog is not news, but a man bites a dog is news". It should be prompt, timely and timely. Swiftness is the value of news. Slow news reporting will reduce the value of news, and "news" will become "old news". Prescription means speed and new content. We should be keenly aware of new people, new things, new situations and new problems, understand them as soon as possible, and reflect them promptly. Concise and short. Brevity is the main sign that news is different from other styles. The so-called brevity means "in a few words, remember the facts clearly, only a few strokes, show the spirit, summarize without being abstract, be brief without being caught in omissions", use the pen concisely and neatly, and concentrate on refining the content. 2. Types of news (generally, news can be classified into four categories): 1. Dynamic news Dynamic news is a style that quickly and accurately reports the latest major international and domestic events, important activities and the latest new situations, new trends, new achievements and new problems in various constructions. It is the most used category in newspapers. We usually write mostly dynamic news. More than 4 black cars were seized in three months after casting a net, which was published in China Traffic News and Traffic Travel Herald. 2. Typical news Typical news is also called experience news, which is a style of centralized reporting on typical experiences and successful practices of some specific departments, units and industries. This kind of news is to summarize the experience and reveal the law after introducing the experience and practice, so as to achieve the purpose of promoting the work from point to area. ("Amulet" of a small truck with a dangerous safety card "8, 14 China Traffic News) 3. Comprehensive news Comprehensive news is a report that combines the facts that happened in different places, different units, and have their own characteristics and the same nature, and embodies a theme. It is characterized by analyzing, putting forward opinions and revealing laws on the basis of synthesizing and summarizing facts. (The situation in Beilun Spring Festival travel rush is combined with that in Cixi or other places.) 4. Review news is also called "reporter review" and "news review". It is a kind of news with both news and comment functions. It is on the basis of stating facts, interspersed with comments or expressing feelings, so as to analyze and explain the essence and significance of the reported facts. It is characterized by narration and comment, and it is required to comment on the facts based on the principles and policies of the country, with correct views and proper comments. (This is rarely used) Third, the writing of the message: 1. The title of the headline message is divided into eyebrow topic (also known as lead topic and shoulder topic), topic (also known as theme and motif) and subtitle (also known as auxiliary topic and subtitle). There are several situations that appear in newspapers and periodicals: (1) Multi-line headlines. There are usually three lines in a multi-line title, that is, the middle line is the topic and the core of the title, which is used to reveal the theme or prompt important facts; The line above the topic is an eyebrow question, which is used to lead to the topic, explain the facts, explain the background, set off the atmosphere and reveal the meaning; The following line of the topic is a subtitle, which is used to supplement the explanation or explain the topic or basis. Double-line title. First, there are topics and eyebrows. Second, there are topics and sub-topics. (2) Single line title. Single-line headlines only have the topic. The title of the news should be concise, approachable, accurate, novel and attractive. Which title to use depends on your own circumstances. 2. Introduction The introduction of a message is the first paragraph or sentence of the message. It is composed of the freshest and most important facts or incisive arguments in the news to attract readers. This is the reason why the structure of the message is usually "inverted pyramid". The introduction is often written in the following ways: narrative. Write the main facts and experiences concisely, or make a comprehensive summary of the whole factual materials to reveal the main contents. Such as: China Communications Daily "Beilun Training Senior Auto Repair Talents". Question type. Put forward the problems to be solved or the experiences and practices to be introduced in the news in the form of questions, and then answer them with facts. Descriptive style. Describe the distinctive facts or meaningful aspects with concise pen and ink, giving readers a vivid impression. Comment style. It is to make a critical conclusion on the reported facts first, and then clarify them with specific facts. For example, "Today, the first patent law promulgated by New China came into effect. Since then, the history of the fruits of mental labor being occupied without compensation has come to an end in China. " (Xinhua News Agency, Beijing) Quoted. Quote the profound and meaningful language of the characters in the message as a lead. 3. The subject is the main part of the message. It undertakes the introduction, expounds the theme revealed by the introduction, or answers the questions raised in the introduction, and makes a concrete description of the news facts. Pay attention to the following points when writing the main body: the trunk is prominent. The main body of the message is the backbone, and typical materials should be used on the backbone. It is necessary to get rid of the clues, reduce the branches and vines, discard those irrelevant to the theme, and keep the secondary materials brief. The content is substantial. Answering the questions raised in the introduction must be specific and substantial, so as to be convincing. What questions are put forward in the lead, the subject should answer what questions, so as to stick to the center and highlight the key points. Rigorous structure and distinct levels. It is necessary to divide the paragraphs properly and describe them in an orderly way. There are the following orders for arranging the levels: First, the time sequence, which arranges the levels according to the sequence of occurrence, development and end of things; The second is logical order, that is, arranging levels according to the internal relations of things; Third, the combination of chronological order and logical order, so that writing is tight and organized, lively and not chaotic. 4. Background refers to the historical environment and reason of the event, which explains the specific conditions, nature and significance of the event, and serves to enrich the content and highlight the theme. The background can appear in the main part, the introduction or the end, and its position is not fixed. There are generally three types of background materials: first, comparative materials, that is, comparing things before and after, positive and negative, to highlight the importance of events; The second is explanatory materials, that is, introducing political background, geographical location, historical evolution, production appearance, material conditions, etc. Third, explanatory materials, that is, the description of the life of the characters, the introduction of professional terms, the explanation of historical allusions, etc., to help readers understand the content of the news. 5. Conclusion The conclusion is the last paragraph or sentence of the news. Clarify the meaning of the facts stated in the news, so that readers can understand and feel the news better, and get enlightenment from it. The message ends in summary, comment, hope and so on. Some news, after the fact is written, the article stops, and the ending is in the fact. The second part is news gathering and writing: farmers pay attention to "three-point planting and seven-point management" when planting crops, and we should pay attention to "seven-point gathering and three-point writing" when doing news work. News is the report of recent facts, and it is the fact that comes before the report, so not only the interview comes before the writing, but also the interview must be paid attention to, which is the premise of writing a good manuscript. Emphasis on "seven points", first of all, is to concentrate on finding problems. Writing news is actually writing questions, and the interview should focus on finding problems. Generally speaking, it is necessary to find the issues that leaders attach importance to, the masses care about and have universal significance, so as to have the reporting value. To find the problem, we must thoroughly understand both sides. On the one hand, we must learn and understand the above spirit, including what the newspaper news media has recently paid attention to. On the other hand, we must understand and master the following situation. Specifically, we must master the central spirit, base ourselves on the reality at the grassroots level, and understand the wishes of the masses. Only by taking the party's principles and policies as the basis of news topic selection and combining the above spirit with the following situation can we find the problems that can be reported. Secondly, pay attention to observe and grasp the material. First, pay attention to all kinds of meetings. Correspondents can find a lot of valuable news materials by attending meetings or reading relevant meeting materials. The second is to pay attention to official documents. There is a lot of information in the reports, briefings, party journals and other documents and materials of the organs. As long as we carefully compare, analyze, synthesize and refine, we can find many things of reportable value. Third, pay attention to the news media. Radio, television, newspapers, periodicals, internet and other media have a wide range of information sources. Pay more attention to them, analyze and study what others have reported, and see what problems have not been written and what problems have not been written in place. You can choose another angle and continue to interview and report. Fourth, pay attention to people's letters and visits, especially 9652. There are many real situations in people's letters and visits that are valuable for writing. For "three-point writing", it is necessary to express it according to the characteristics of news. First, around the theme, avoid too much nonsense. When writing a news story, it is necessary to discuss one thing at a time. Generally, a story only reflects one thing and expresses one meaning. Don't involve too many problems, just skim the water and talk in general. The second is to cut to the chase, don't beat around the bush. At the beginning of the manuscript, I went straight to the point and expressed the freshest and most important things directly. Moreover, the writing should be concise, concise and lively, and unnecessary paragraphs, sentences, vocabulary and words should be deleted as much as possible, so as to be unpretentious, reasoned and convincing. Third, choose the right angle to improve the quality of writing. The first is the perspective of topic selection. Don't chase after the wind and waves, insert labels indiscriminately, choose questions that reflect the essence of things, choose the right theme, and second, choose the angle of materials. Select materials that are close to reality, the masses and life to enhance the readability and attractiveness of the manuscript. The third is to examine the angle. When writing a news manuscript, we should stand tall, and at what level the manuscript needs to be put into the news media, we should look at and consider the problem from what level, so as to enhance the pertinence and guidance of the manuscript. Fourth, it is informal and lively. News articles should use various forms to reflect rich and colorful contents, and pay attention to the use of mass language to make the articles lively and readable. The third part of news writing: seven parts of meat and three parts of bones sometimes read newspapers and think that the manuscripts are not very good-looking, especially those for leading activities and meetings. We will say that they are all bones and no meat. Press releases are not editorials or documents, and they are most afraid of having more bones and less meat. A manuscript, of course, should have bones and flesh, but it must also have a proper proportion. Different genres have different proportions. News, by nature, is a narrative-oriented style, which should be full and vivid, and the ratio of flesh and blood should be at least 37%, and 28% and 19% are the best. What is the bone of news? It is the rational things in the manuscript, such as working ideas, document quotations, background explanation, technical terms, author's narration analysis, etc. What is the meat of news? Is the fact that constitutes news. Including the process, plot, result, time, scene, characters, language, data and so on. The more vivid the image, the more individual it is. Some correspondents, including many journalists, especially those from the organ newspaper, write news, content to introduce the above working ideas and copy speeches, documents, terms and jargon, thinking that this is news. In fact, this is just the reason behind the news, just like the approach of a main bridge, and readers want to see the results, not the facts they are interested in. If you want to show guidance and guidance, you should talk about what this principle leads to. You can't just talk about this principle, but make it clear and then lead to some truth. For example, it was said earlier that someone took a black car and caused harm. Finally, the management department reminded passengers not to take a black car. There is no reason in the news. First, you should learn to wrap this reason with things, just like wrapping bones with meat. When X-ray was first discovered, the discoverer Roentgen asked his wife to cooperate and took an X-ray of her palm. The first time she saw her terrible five hand bones, she burst into tears. X-rays are specially designed to see bones but not meat. Fortunately, we ordinary people's eyes are not X-rays, only the flesh is missing the bones, and the beauty's jade hands are still beautiful. Newspapers are not documents. Don't make X-rays. Journalists should not only follow the leading, institutional and professional thinking, but also follow the news rules, readers' thinking and ordinary people's reading habits. How to avoid the news with too much bones and too little meat? Very simple, just two. First, talk less, explain less, narrate more, and nothing is unwritten. This is the iron law. If you have to reason, don't forget to give examples. And don't forget the 37-37 ratio. The second is to hide the bones and not show them. There is a manuscript in the international edition of People's Daily on February 15th, 26. The original title is "Reunion Popular Kikon Kenya", and I believe no one can understand it. It turns out that Reunion is a small island in the Indian Ocean, and Chikunkenya is a newly discovered disease transmitted to people by mosquitoes. Do the problem like this, skinny, who still likes to watch? Change it to "Strange Diseases in Reunion Island", and it will be plump and beautiful. There is also the manuscript of the plug-in car, "Eat Ningbo's food, pull Ningbo's goods, take the road of Ningbo, and earn Ningbo's money, just don't pay Ningbo's taxes." There is another meaning, that is, as a writer, we should leave room for the next procedure-editing. A lot of things may be complicated, but a master editor will "cut down the complexity and simplify the Sanqiu tree, and create something new in February" to make a good finished product for you. If there are only a few bones and muscles, no matter how high the editing skill is, you can't make a beauty by sticking to the meat. Because the principle of news editing is only subtraction, not addition-dare not add it out of thin air. In fact, the root of the problem of being too bony and too meaty is in the interview stage. I don't understand or want to work hard to dig up fresh news facts, and there is not much material to deploy in my pen, so the article is naturally dry and ugly. The fourth part: What is the news angle when writing news from a clever angle? It means that journalists choose the focus and emphasis to express news facts when writing. Whether the news angle is chosen well or not is very important for determining the theme, grasping the reader's psychology, improving the reporting effect and writing "three close" news products. If you choose the right angle, the article will be half successful. How to choose the angle of news? We can start from the following aspects. Look for the angle from the global height. The so-called overall height, that is, the macro height, includes the domestic and international situation, the general principles and policies of the party and the state, including the political situation and economic situation. These constitute the social background of news, without which it is impossible to judge its news value. Therefore, journalists should be good at capturing news clues with overall significance and choosing news materials that affect the overall situation. Only when the overall situation is in mind can we plan and skillfully observe and analyze the facts to be reported in many aspects and in all directions, and write the most valuable news that best reflects the theme from the best angle. Find an angle on the point of concern. It is one of the ways to choose the best angle of news to find the breakthrough point of the article around the same topic that readers are most concerned about and interested in, namely, hot issues, doubtful issues, focus issues and difficult issues. Before the reporter interviews, he should weigh which issues the masses are most concerned about; Before you start writing, think about it