Contents of food security

1. What are the basic conditions for safe grain storage?

The basic conditions for safe grain storage are: ① Good grain quality. That is, the seeds should be full and less damaged; Food is clean, with few impurities; Dry grain with low water content; There are no pests in the grain. ② Granary with good performance. The granary or accessories for storing grain should have good sealing, heat insulation, moisture-proof and rat-proof performance. ③ Clean grain storage environment. The room where the granary is placed should be kept clean, with no sundries piled indoors, no loose grain on the ground, no water leakage on the roof, no moisture regain on the floor, good indoor ventilation and dry conditions. Realizing the above three basic conditions of grain storage, combined with daily management at ordinary times, can ensure the safe storage of grain.

2. What are the requirements for grain quality when farmers store grain?

The quality of food should be clean and full.

Dry work: that is, the grain itself contains low moisture. Because high water will enhance the vitality of grain, its respiration will be strong, releasing more heat energy, which will also increase the temperature in the grain pile. High moisture content will also be suitable for the growth of pests and molds in grain piles, promote their reproduction, and increase the temperature in grain piles. Therefore, generally speaking, there is a minimum requirement for the moisture content of the grain to be preserved. Under the climatic conditions in Jiangxi Province, the water content of rice, wheat and corn should not exceed 65,438+03.5% and 65,438+03% respectively. For seeds or grains with long storage period, the water content should be further reduced by 65,438+0 ‰.

Two clean: that is, there are few impurities in the grain. Impurities include weed seeds, plant branches and leaves fragments, exotic grains, soil, stones and so on. These impurities mixed in the grain pile will not only affect the quality of grain, but also often contain a large number of molds and eggs, which are prone to insects and mildew, which is extremely unfavorable to grain storage. Therefore, there are also minimum requirements for the impurity content in grains, such as the impurity content in rice, wheat and corn shall not exceed 1%.

Three fullness: that is, the grain of grain should be completely mature, complete and full. That is to say, the less imperfect grains, such as immature grains, shriveled grains, germination, mildew, breakage, diseased spots and insect erosion, the better, especially seed grains. Generally speaking, incomplete grains in grains should not exceed 6%.

In addition, the color and smell of grains should be normal, that is, it is required to maintain the proper smell and color of various grains.

3. What is green grain storage?

Green grain storage refers to a comprehensive prevention and control method that adopts effective ecological means to avoid chemical pollution, delay grain aging and ensure food safety and hygiene. It is a grain storage technology guided by the theory of grain storage ecology. Green grain storage technology, that is, guided by the theory of sustainable development and based on the theory of grain storage ecology, uses as little or no chemicals as possible in the process of grain storage, and takes regulating the ecological factors of grain storage as the main means, thus protecting the environment, avoiding grain pollution, ensuring the safety of grain storage, and enabling people to eat fresh, nutritious, delicious and non-toxic safe grain. Low temperature and modified atmosphere are internationally recognized green storage technologies.

Why can't we dry the wheat on the asphalt road?

(1) Wheat is most easily polluted by 3,4-benzopyrene in asphalt because of its direct contact with asphalt. The content of 3,4-benzopyrene in wheat dried on asphalt road is 20 times higher than that in ordinary wheat, which is easy to cause cancer to people and animals.

(2) The asphalt pavement absorbs heat quickly and the temperature rises quickly. The temperature is high in summer, and the road surface can often reach 60-70℃. When wheat is dried at such a high temperature, the germ is easy to burn, which leads to the decrease of germination rate.

Code for safe production of grain depot

Chapter I Grain Entering and Leaving the Warehouse

1. Security check

The granary must be designed by the corresponding qualification unit. The granary shall be made and installed with a design description sign, indicating the design unit, year, grain storage variety, storage form, grain loading height, storage capacity, service life, etc. It is used to guide and inspect grain storage, and it is forbidden to overload grain storage. The first loading of grain in the granary should be carried out according to the design requirements. The granary not designed by the corresponding qualification unit must entrust the corresponding qualification design unit to demonstrate whether it meets the requirements of structural safety and grain storage technology, and it is strictly forbidden to store grain directly without demonstration. The granary that exceeds the service life of the design structure must be entrusted with a housing appraisal institution with corresponding qualifications for appraisal, and whether it can continue to load grain can be determined according to the appraisal conclusion.

Before loading grain into the granary or during routine inspection, check whether the top of the granary is leaking, whether there are cracks in the walls and ground of the granary, whether the ground is settled, whether the doors and windows are damaged, and whether the ancillary facilities such as escalators are in good condition; Check whether the anti-rust paint of the steel silo falls off, whether the bolts and gaskets are loose, whether the load-bearing parts connected with the civil engineering are abnormal, and whether the ground is settled. If there is any abnormality, it must be handled effectively.

Before filling the oil tank, or during routine inspection, check whether the welding seam of the oil tank is intact, whether the top cover, manhole, measuring hole and exhaust hole of the oil tank are normal, whether the bolts at the bottom of the oil tank are loose, whether the gaskets are intact, and whether the seals of the tank farm and pipeline valves are reliable. If there is any abnormality, it must be handled effectively.

2. Work motor vehicles

The grain depot shall set up traffic signs according to regulations, and drivers shall drive in strict accordance with the traffic signs in the depot. It is forbidden to bring matches, lighters and other kindling into the warehouse. The speed limit of motor vehicles on the grain depot road is 10 km/h, the speed limit of vehicles getting on and off the weighbridge, driving in the production operation area and reversing is 5 km/h, and speeding is strictly prohibited; Do not touch the storage facilities; When the vehicle is running, it is forbidden for operators to work in the vehicle; Forklifts and forklifts are prohibited from carrying people.

Drivers should obey the command of the grain depot management personnel, drive in strict accordance with the designated route, prohibit driving into non-designated areas of the grain depot to load and unload themselves, prohibit drivers from entering, and prohibit drivers from barefoot, naked, wearing slippers, sandals and other unsafe behaviors.

When sampling or receiving oil manually, a safety escalator should be equipped and non-slip shoes should be worn to prevent falling. At the same time, it is forbidden to move working vehicles.

When weighing a motor vehicle, it should travel in a straight line and stop at the center of the platform. After the slow braking stops, the hand brake is applied and the engine must be turned off.

Before loading and unloading the motor vehicle, the wheel parking device should be put away to prevent the vehicle from moving and hurting people. Operators should check the working space, vehicles, equipment and facilities, and confirm that there are no potential safety hazards before they can operate; A warning line should be set around the hydraulic flap, and non-operators are strictly prohibited from entering the warning area. When unloading grain, there should be a special person to direct it. It is forbidden to stand on the grain unloading pit, vehicles and hydraulic turntable. It is forbidden to load or overload vehicles. Dump trucks should be completely reset before moving vehicles.

When reversing, someone must command. The commander must stand behind the vehicle and keep a safe distance from the vehicle. It is forbidden to stand on the track where the vehicle may travel.

During forklift operation, it is forbidden to stand on the pedal outside the cab to direct the operation.

Non-operation parking and irrelevant personnel are strictly prohibited in the operation area.

Self-owned vehicles used only in grain depots in the reservoir area must be inspected regularly to ensure vehicle safety; Drivers must hold corresponding motor vehicle driving licenses.

Clean up the granary

When cleaning the bungalow warehouse, the operator should open the doors and windows or exhaust fans of the warehouse; Before cleaning shallow silos and vertical silos, operators should check and confirm that the ventilation system is working normally, and start cleaning after running for 10 minutes. When cleaning the upper and lower corridors and working towers of shallow silos and vertical silos, it is forbidden to use compressed air to sweep dust.

Workers should wear dust masks when cleaning the barn. When there is a lot of dust, measures such as negative pressure or wet operation should be taken to prevent dust flying and secondary dust; When there is less dust, ordinary cleaning methods can be used.

4. Food drying

Operators should wear safety helmets. A safety warning perimeter should be set around the drying tower and the open yard, and non-operating personnel are strictly prohibited from entering the site. The site must be equipped with fire fighting equipment and facilities. It is forbidden to pile up all kinds of flammable materials around the dryer.

During the initial drying, the grain flow in the dryer should be maintained, and it is forbidden to block the tower for a long time. In case of sudden power failure, the emergency grain unloading door should be opened to unload grain to prevent the burning of grain in the tower.

Fuel oil and fuel used in gas stoves in different seasons must be implemented according to the instructions, and non-atomized fuel oil is strictly prohibited; When the burner is burning, it is forbidden to refuel the fuel tank.

The moisture monitoring device, inlet and outlet air temperature monitoring and adjusting device and material level control of the dryer are complete and effective, and the upper and lower material levels of the pre-drying bin (post-drying bin) are complete and effective.

Before drying, the grain should be washed before entering the warehouse, which should be synchronized with the drying operation and dried when entering the warehouse. It is strictly forbidden to dry the grain after it is put into the warehouse and before it is dried, so as to prevent the warehouse from arching before it is dried; During the drying operation, personnel are strictly prohibited from entering the pre-drying warehouse and the post-drying warehouse.

Check the heat exchanger every month to prevent the damaged heat exchanger from entering the drying tower with the hot air pipe; When using coal-fired or biomass hot-blast stoves, the dust in the settling chamber of the combustion furnace and the flue gas side of the heat exchanger should be cleaned once every half month or once a week; The dryer must be cleaned within 30 days after use.

Unload grain

The production department should set warning lines and signs in the grain unloading operation area of the drying system, the grain unloading pit of the working tower and the grain unloading pit of the special railway line.

When unloading grain in the trench of the drying system, non-operators are prohibited from entering the operation area, and operators are prohibited from entering the grain pile without authorization. Operators should do a good job of monitoring when dealing with hardened grain piles to prevent people from falling into the grain inlet and being buried by grain. When working at night, workers' work clothes should be provided with reflective warning signs.

Non-operators are strictly prohibited from entering the grain unloading operation area when unloading grain in the grain unloading pit of the working tower (hydraulic tilting plate unloading grain and automatic tipping bucket); When towing a train, personnel are prohibited from entering the working area of the grain unloading pit of the special line; All grain inlets must be equipped with qualified steel grating and safety warning signs.

Step 6 level the grain surface

Before grain leveling, the person in charge of the grain depot should conduct pre-job training and safety disclosure for the operators, and put forward the requirements for grain leveling; The operator should first turn on the fan or window of the barn.

When leveling the grain surface, at least two people should be arranged to work at the same time, and special care should be arranged at the gate of the warehouse or at the entrance to the population. Workers should wear dust masks, and the grain must be kept level from top to bottom. It is forbidden to stand in the low-lying areas of grain piles to level the grain.

When leveling the grain surface, the grain should be closed after the grain reaches a predetermined amount. When the grain level difference is large, the operator should prevent the falling grain pile from being buried by the grain.

7. The grain export is blocked.

In the process of leaving the warehouse, when the grain outlet is blocked or the grain is not smooth, the emergency plan for blocking the grain outlet should be implemented, and it is strictly forbidden to enter the warehouse without authorization.

The blockage removal at the grain outlet is mainly carried out outside the warehouse. The operator opens the gate and uses a long rod to disturb the grain pile through the discharge gate, sampling hole and blockage removal hole to remove the blockage. For granaries with multiple grain outlets, the grain outlets should not be blocked, but asymmetric grain output should be strictly prevented.

For vertical silos and shallow silos, an air gun can be designed and installed at the bottom of the silo to clear the blockage.

8. Particle arching (wall hanging) treatment

It is necessary to strictly implement the grading examination and approval system for grain arching (wall hanging) disposal operations, and it is strictly forbidden to carry out disposal operations without authorization.

Before leaving the warehouse, the storage department should first check whether the grain surface is capped, and if it is capped, it should be handled; When the grain in the warehouse is found to be bulging (hanging on the wall), the operator should first report to the person in charge of the warehouse operation site.

For vertical silos or shallow silos with caked grain, it is strictly forbidden to leave the warehouse at last. When the grain level drops by about 65,438+0 meters, the operator should first close the storage gate and then enter the maintenance platform in the warehouse to observe the grain level. If obvious wall hanging or caking is found to expose the grain surface, they should enter the warehouse to clean up the caking or wall hanging of the exposed grain surface under the premise of ensuring safety, so as to prevent the caked grain from forming towering columns, hanging on the warehouse wall, or even forming large-scale arching. After all the workers and tools are out of the warehouse, open the gate to unload the grain.

When the bungalow warehouse is hung on the wall, workers use long poles or aerial work vehicles for disposal; When the silo is hung on the wall, the operator must use long poles and other measures to dispose of it through the hanging basket at the top of the silo; When the wall hanging position of shallow silo is low, it will be carried by loader; When it is high, it will be carried by aerial work vehicle. Operators are forbidden to work under the upper plate to prevent the upper plate from collapsing and crushing or burying the operators.

When the vertical silo is arched, it should be treated by sending the grain into the vertical silo, or by workers using long poles through the hanging basket at the top of the silo, or blowing hot air into the vertical silo before drying; When the shallow silo is arched, it should be handled by sending the grain into the shallow silo or opening the grain retaining door of the shallow silo. Operators are prohibited from standing on the grain surface for processing.

After the disposal operation, all operators must leave the warehouse and remove all tools and equipment.

9. Remove the grain baffle of the bungalow.

The storage department should study and formulate a plan for dismantling the grain baffle of the bungalow warehouse, and it is strictly forbidden for operators to enter the warehouse to dismantle the grain baffle without authorization.

When removing the grain baffle, the operation mode outside the warehouse should be given priority. There shall be no less than 2 workers, the safety belt shall be effectively tied to the mooring device, and the grain baffle shall be removed by moving the elevator or escalator.

When leaving the warehouse, the operator should first close the gate of the grain outlet on the grain baffle, and remove the grain baffle above the grain pile one by one on the premise of stabilizing the grain level. It is forbidden to dismantle the grain baffle below the grain pile. After the workers leave the warehouse and take out all the tools and instruments, they can open the gate and continue to export grain.

In the process of operation, if the grain surface is found to flow, the operator should immediately stop the operation and evacuate to a safe place quickly.

In the process of grain storage, if a grain pile is buried, the operator should immediately close the grain gate and report to the person in charge of the site, and the person in charge of the site should immediately organize emergency rescue.

10. Simple hoarding

The location of simple storage should be conducive to flood control, the ground should be flat, and the foundation should meet the bearing capacity requirements after loading grain; Simple storage should be designed and built by units that meet the qualification requirements; Each group of simple storage should not exceed 5000 tons, and the distance between groups should be more than 25 meters. Simple warehouses should be equipped with effective lightning protection devices.

Before storing grain, check whether the internal and external structures of the granary are safe, whether the welded joints, grain inlets and safety ladders are firmly welded, whether the granary body is inclined, and whether the moisture-proof and rain-proof performance is in good condition. Food can only be stored after it is confirmed to be safe. Grain feeding operation should be carried out in a simple storage center to prevent eccentric loading of grain.

When discharging grain, symmetrical grain outlets should be used to discharge grain at the same time, and eccentric grain discharge is strictly prohibited to prevent collapse caused by unbalanced load. After the initial grain output of 50 ~ 60 tons, another set of symmetrical grain outlets should be used to avoid the grain storage body from tilting and collapsing. Follow-up grain output should be adjusted in time according to the grain situation in the warehouse. After the grain is discharged, the personnel entering the warehouse to clean up the materials should fasten the safety rope, and there should be no less than 2 people.

Simple storage should be checked regularly. In case of expansion, tilt and other phenomena, the storage should be reversed or reassembled immediately to prevent the collapse of simple storage. After simple grain storage, effective measures should be taken to prevent strong winds from tilting or lodging the simple grain storage.

1 1. shed

In the shed, you can stack bagged grains and store them in sacks, or store them in bulk. This section mainly introduces bulk storage. The warehousing department must first make an operation plan; The grain retaining wall must be stacked with qualified sacks, which should be filled with two-thirds of grain, with a flat height of about 17 cm, and the corners, aisles and other key parts and the outer sacks must be stitched; It is forbidden to use plastic woven bags for grain retaining walls.

Bulk grain storage height should not be higher than 5 meters; The part below 3.5 meters of the grain retaining wall should adopt three horizontal and one vertical bag walls, and each layer should be stacked alternately; Part above 3.5 meters can adopt two horizontal and one vertical, and ensure that the grain retaining wall is neatly stacked; The grain retaining wall at the corner must be staggered and killed by layers to prevent expansion. Sacks should be stacked inward. It is forbidden to use plastic sheets and other slippery materials to lay the bottom of the sack wall.

The movable steel ladder (with handrails) shall be safe and reliable. Ladders stacked in sacks should be firm and reliable.

The storage department should regularly check around the grain pile and handle it in time if it finds any swelling, collapse and leakage; When dismantling the grain pile, the grain wall should be removed from the top of the grain pile first, and personnel are strictly prohibited from entering the grain surface. Unpacking and grain delivery shall be carried out simultaneously, and it is forbidden to dismantle the grain retaining wall after grain delivery; It is strictly prohibited to engage in construction operations that affect the safety of bulk grain piles around.

12. steel structure bulk room simple warehouse

The simple warehouse of steel structure bulk house must be designed by a design unit that meets the qualification requirements and passes the construction drawing review; Must be undertaken by a construction enterprise that meets the qualification requirements; Grain loading and silo pressing tests can only be carried out after completion and acceptance. It is forbidden to load more than the designed grain loading line; It is strictly forbidden to use the steel canopy as a bulk warehouse or illegally transform it into a bulk warehouse to load grain; It is forbidden for motor vehicles and mechanical conveying equipment to rub and collide with steel structure bulk warehouse.

13. Pharmacy management

It is necessary to strictly implement the "five pairs" management of chemical agents; The drug warehouse should be equipped with explosion-proof exhaust fans and explosion-proof lights. Before entering, personnel should turn on the exhaust fan, wear safety protection equipment and use portable alarm to detect the concentration of harmful gases.

The grain depot shall report the chemical procurement to the superior unit; When chemicals are put into storage, managers should fill in the drug receipt; Chemicals should be stored in the space above 0.2 meters above the ground, different kinds of chemicals should be stored separately, and liquid and solid chemicals should be stored separately.

When receiving drugs, you must first fill in the drug receipt form, and then leave the library after examination and approval according to procedures; The number of recipients shall not be less than 2; Before and after receiving the goods, the drug ledger should be registered in time. Empty bottles and cans of used drugs should be recovered from the drug warehouse in time and destroyed according to regulations.

14. Smoke

The fumigation examination and approval system must be strictly implemented, and fumigation without authorization is strictly prohibited. When applying empty warehouse insecticides and grain fumigants, the warehousing department must formulate an empty warehouse insecticidal operation plan and a grain fumigation operation plan, which can be implemented only after being approved by the person in charge of the grain depot and reported to the local grain administrative department for the record. It is forbidden to use non-stored grain chemicals and excessive use of stored grain chemicals to kill insects.

When carrying out pest control and grain fumigation in empty warehouses, the person in charge of the warehouse department should arrange at least two operators to work at the same time, and at the same time, 1 supervisor should be arranged to stand at the warehouse door or warehouse entrance to ensure that all operators are observed. Operators should have corresponding professional qualifications and wear safe and effective protective equipment. The application of empty warehouse pesticides should not exceed 90 minutes per person, and should not exceed 3 hours per person per day. When using phosphine fumigation to kill insects, each person should not exceed 30 minutes, and each person should not exceed 2 times a day.

In the process of drug distribution, drug administration, fumigation, gas diffusion and residue treatment, operators must wear air respirator, work clothes and rubber gloves; There shall be no less than 3 muck cleaning personnel, and the muck shall be treated harmlessly in accordance with state regulations; The gas cylinders in air respirator shall be verified according to national regulations.

When opening the aluminum phosphide bottle cap, the personnel should be in the upwind direction. When fumigating grain flour with aluminum phosphide tablets, pills and powder, it should be placed in a medicine tray with a diameter of 30 ~ 50 cm, which should be made of flame retardant materials, such as iron tray, aluminum tray or porcelain tray.

During the use of phosphine to kill insects, smoke grain and disperse gas, safety warning signs and warning lines should be set at least 20 meters away from the granary; During the period of using non-phosphine empty warehouse to kill insects and disperse gas, safety warning signs should be set at the door of the warehouse. The personnel on duty should strengthen the inspection.

After fumigation and ventilation, workers must detect the concentration of phosphine and oxygen in the warehouse. Only when the phosphine concentration is less than 0.2ml/m3 and the oxygen concentration is not less than 19.5% can they enter. Otherwise, you must wear a air respirator.

When fumigation is carried out on simple warehouses, steel sheds and simple warehouses with steel structures in bulk, tents should be built around them, and windproof net covers or windproof fixed ropes should be built on the tents. Before covering, the tent should be inspected and the loopholes should be repaired in time. When diffusing air, fumigation personnel should wear air respirator, first uncover one side of the tent, uncover other parts of the tent after 0.5 hour, dismantle the tent after 1 hour and ventilate for 24 hours.

Before fumigation, the safety officer should count the number of people and make records; Operators should carefully check whether the air respirator used is safe and effective; After fumigation, the safety officer is responsible for counting the number of people and sealing the warehouse after finding that all the people who have entered the warehouse have left the warehouse.

Before and after phosphine fumigation, workers are forbidden to drink alcohol and eat oily food such as milk and eggs; Workers who feel unwell during fumigation should stop working immediately.

It is forbidden to fumigate and disperse gas at night and in windy, rainy and lightning conditions.

15. Improve the atmosphere

The approval system for modified atmosphere operation must be strictly implemented, and it is strictly forbidden to carry out modified atmosphere operation without authorization; Special personnel shall be arranged to manage facilities such as air respirator, air compressor and air pump.

Warning signs should be hung outside the controlled atmosphere warehouse, and it is forbidden to operate the valves of the controlled atmosphere system without authorization; At least two people shall enter the controlled atmosphere warehouse to check the grain situation or carry out film pasting operation, 1 person shall be responsible for supervision and vigilance. It is forbidden to enter the controlled atmosphere warehouse alone, after drinking or in poor health. When other outsiders need to enter the controlled atmosphere warehouse, they must have the training and guidance of grain depot professionals to enter the warehouse.

Air respirator must be worn when entering the air bag for sampling and testing or checking the grain situation, so as to confirm that the respirator can be used normally and air respirator can be used correctly and skillfully. The pressure of the gas storage tank must be filled to the pressure value specified in the product manual, and it is guaranteed that three or more people can enter the warehouse for operation. People who feel unwell or hear the alarm should leave the warehouse immediately.

Chapter IV Fire Prevention and Explosion Prevention of Grain Depot

16. Fire prevention and disposal

We must strictly implement the national and local fire safety management system, formulate the fire safety system, fire safety operation rules and emergency plans for grain storage (oil depot), allocate fire-fighting facilities and equipment according to national standards and industry standards, set up fire safety signs, and organize targeted fire drills.

Grain depot (oil depot) must be equipped with full-time or part-time firefighters, who are responsible for regular inspection and maintenance of fire control facilities and equipment to ensure that they are in good condition and effective, and the inspection records should be complete and accurate, and kept on file for future reference; Be responsible for checking and ensuring the evacuation passage, safety exit and fire truck passage are unblocked.

Grain depots (oil depots) must strengthen the prevention of fire hazards, and it is strictly forbidden to smoke in no-smoking areas such as grain storage areas, oil tank areas and operation areas. It is forbidden to pile up flammable and combustible materials, clean up weeds and garbage in the yard in time, and timely investigate and dispose of environmental fire hazards around the grain depot. Unauthorized hot work is strictly prohibited, and the grading examination and approval system for hot work is strictly implemented.

In case of fire, on-site operators should immediately report to the shift supervisor of grain depot (oil depot) and immediately put out the fire. Firefighters should take safety protection measures. When food is on fire, put out the fire with water; Put out the oil fire with foam; When aluminum phosphide is on fire, dry powder, dry sand or carbon dioxide fire extinguisher should be used to extinguish the fire. It is forbidden to use water, foam and acid fire extinguishing agent. When the drying tower is on fire, the fan should be turned off immediately, and the grain feeding and discharging speed should be accelerated at the same time to prevent the fire from increasing; When an electrical fire occurs, cut off the power supply first, and then use carbon dioxide and dry powder fire extinguisher to extinguish the fire; When there is fire around the welding operation, the power supply should be cut off first, and the oxygen cylinder and acetylene cylinder should be removed; When the AC /DC welding machine smokes or catches fire, the power supply should be disconnected first, and carbon dioxide should be used to extinguish the fire; When there is a fire in acetylene cylinder, the valve should be closed first, and the fire should be put out with dry powder fire extinguisher or carbon dioxide fire extinguisher with nozzle.

In case of fire, the site operator shall immediately report to the shift supervisor of the grain depot (oil depot) and call 1 19 to report the unit name, address, fire situation, burning materials, contact telephone number, etc. And send someone to meet the fire truck at the intersection. Under the condition that the safety of personnel is not endangered, the on-site operators should save themselves. If they cannot save themselves, they should immediately evacuate the personnel. If someone is injured, you should call 120 immediately.

Prevention and treatment of dust explosion

Grain depots must use explosion-proof electrical equipment according to specifications and standards, implement lightning protection and anti-static measures, ensure the safe and effective grounding of facilities and equipment, and prohibit the use of all kinds of naked flames and illegal use of working tools in workplaces.

Must strictly implement the ash cleaning system, avoid secondary dust, and ensure that the site is dust-free and dust-free; During the operation, dust control measures should be taken to control dust.

The grain depot shall ensure the safety and effectiveness of the explosion relief devices of warehouses and equipment. It is forbidden to dismantle safety facilities such as ventilation, dust removal, explosion prevention, explosion venting and grounding; Electrical equipment and explosion-proof devices in dangerous places of dust explosion should be inspected and maintained regularly to ensure that the equipment and devices are in good condition.

When entering the dust explosion-proof area, personnel should wear anti-static work clothes, and it is forbidden to wear chemical fiber, silk clothes and shoes with nails to prevent sparks; It is forbidden to use iron tools to hit walls, metal equipment, pipelines and other objects.

When the silo conveying system is overhauled, measures should be taken to cut off the pipes and holes connected with open flame operation; Dust-proof and explosion-proof lighting must be used when cleaning silos. Cleaning vehicles must be equipped with fire extinguishers. Non-metallic materials must be installed at the part of the loader bucket that touches the ground to prevent friction and fire. Anti-collision rubber material should be installed at the end of the loader to prevent sparks.

In case of dust explosion, the person in charge of the site should immediately evacuate all personnel to an open and safe place to avoid casualties caused by secondary dust explosion, and then report to the shift supervisor of the grain depot; In case of fire caused by dust explosion, call119 immediately; In case of personal injury, call120 immediately; When production safety accidents are caused, the grain depot shall report as required.

18. Rent and store grain

The leasing enterprise and the leased enterprise shall sign a lease contract and a safety production management agreement, clarify the safety production responsibilities of both parties, and implement safety production facilities, equipment and equipment.

The leased enterprise must arrange its employees to manage the rented stored grain and storage facilities, and bear corresponding responsibilities for the safe production of the rented stored grain; Grain purchasing and storage must implement the safety production management system of leasing enterprises.

The location of the leased warehouse shall meet the safety requirements of fire prevention, flood control and pollution prevention, and shall not be located in low-lying flood-prone areas, and there shall be no inflammable, explosive, toxic and dangerous goods and pollution sources within 1 0,000m of the reservoir area and its surroundings. The reservoir area is closed, and monitoring facilities are set in the hospital to achieve full coverage and normal function. Storage facilities and their ancillary facilities and equipment shall meet the national safety standards. Fire fighting, electricity consumption, drainage and construction procedures meet the relevant national requirements and pass the acceptance of relevant departments.

The person in charge of the leased enterprise bears the direct leadership responsibility for the safe production of rented and stored grain, and the full-time or part-time security officer stationed by the leased enterprise performs the duties of safe production. The leased enterprise shall guarantee and implement the safety production facilities and funds necessary for renting and storing grain. If a production safety accident occurs due to failure to guarantee and implement, the person in charge of the leasing enterprise and the person in charge of the safety production department shall bear corresponding responsibilities.

The person in charge of the security department of the leasing enterprise shall conduct a safety production inspection every two weeks, the person in charge of the enterprise every month and the person in charge of the enterprise every quarter, timely discover and investigate the hidden dangers of safety production, and order rectification within a time limit. For those who refuse to rectify, the responsibility of the person in charge and the safety officer of the rental and storage point should be investigated.

The superior unit and the competent department of the leased enterprise shall supervise and inspect the safety production of the rented grain storage station, and immediately instruct the leased enterprise to take effective measures to ensure safety production when problems and hidden dangers in production are found. If a production safety accident is caused, the responsibility of the relevant personnel of the leasing enterprise shall be investigated according to the law and regulations.

19. Outsourcing business

The examination and approval system for outsourcing operators must be strictly implemented, and outsourcing operators are strictly prohibited from operating without authorization; Grain depot (oil depot) should establish the management files of outsourcing operation units and laborers.

The outsourcing operation unit shall have the corresponding business qualification or employment certificate, and shall handle industrial injury insurance or accidental injury insurance for all the workers involved. The person in charge of the outsourcing operation unit is the first person in charge of the safety management of the outsourcing workers. When a grain depot (oil depot) signs an outsourcing operation contract with an outsourcing operation unit, it shall also sign an outsourcing operation safety management agreement; The laborers shall submit the health certificate, and the grain depot shall sign the Notice of Occupational Health and Safety of Outsourcing Workers with the laborers.

Before outsourcing operation, the grain depot (oil depot) shall organize safety disclosure for the outsourced workers, urge and cooperate with the outsourcing operation unit to conduct pre-operation training for the outsourced workers, and make training records and assessment. Outsourcing workers should sign safety disclosure or safety production commitment letter.

The grain depot (oil depot) shall conduct pre-operation inspection on the outsourcing operation unit and its personnel, mainly including whether the safety qualification and performance meet the requirements, whether the safety agreement is signed, whether the occupational health and safety requirements are fully informed, whether the qualifications of special operators meet the requirements, whether the outsourcing operation personnel master the safety production requirements, whether the safety technical measures are feasible, and whether the safety resource allocation is reasonable. After inspection, outsourcing is allowed.

Grain depot (oil depot) should communicate with the on-site person in charge of the outsourcing operation unit on a regular basis, grasp the safety situation, emphasize the safety requirements and make records. Regularly check the safety situation of outsourcing operations, and immediately order rectification when finding hidden dangers, and form records. Only after the rectification is qualified can the operation continue. Major hidden dangers should be reported to the local safety supervision department. When a production safety accident occurs, the outsourcing operation unit shall immediately inform the grain depot (oil depot).

Before the acceptance of outsourcing operation, the job site should be cleaned up, and the person in charge of the relevant department of grain depot (oil depot) is responsible for the acceptance; If potential safety hazards are found during acceptance, records shall be made and rectification shall be implemented.