Three prevention knowledge in rainy season

1. What are the "three defenses" in rainy season?

Flood control, drainage and lightning protection.

All coal mining enterprises should take effective measures to prevent coal mine water disasters caused by storms and floods:

First, establish and improve the organizational structure and working mechanism. It is necessary to set up a leading group for "Three Preventions" (flood control, waterlogging prevention and lightning protection) in rainy season, formulate a work plan for "Three Preventions" in rainy season, clarify the tasks of "Three Preventions" and implement the responsibilities of "Three Preventions".

Second, take the initiative to contact meteorological, water conservancy, flood control and other departments, establish a disaster weather early warning and prevention mechanism, timely grasp the information of storms and floods that may endanger the safe production of coal mines, and take the initiative to take preventive measures.

The third is to improve the rainy season inspection system. In rainy season, special personnel shall be arranged to patrol and inspect the abandoned old kiln, ground subsidence pit, mining cracks and other key parts around this mine field, and keep abreast of the reservoirs, lakes, rivers, culverts and dike projects that may affect mine safety.

The fourth is to improve the timely evacuation system of major water disasters. It is necessary to establish a system and plan for timely evacuation of underground personnel when floods and other accidents are caused by heavy rains and floods, and clarify the start-up standards, evacuation command departments, evacuation scope and evacuation procedures. When it is found that the mine water disaster may affect the adjacent mine, it shall immediately issue an early warning to the adjacent mine.

Extended data

All coal mining enterprises should carefully find out the hydrogeological conditions of the mine, and strictly implement the comprehensive control measures of prevention, blocking, drainage, drainage and interception in accordance with the principle of "forecasting, first exploring and then digging, first treating and then mining".

First, it is necessary to find out the catchment leakage, drainage capacity and related water conservancy projects of the surface water flow system in the mining area and its vicinity, understand the situation of local reservoirs, hydropower dams, river embankments, rivers and obstacles in the rivers, master the data of extreme weather and rainfall and the highest flood level in the local past years, and improve the drainage, waterproof and drainage systems.

Second, if the hydrogeological conditions in and around the coal mine field are unclear, mining activities are prohibited and supplementary hydrogeological exploration should be carried out. When the hydrogeological conditions cannot be ascertained on the ground, geophysical prospecting, drilling or geochemical exploration should be used to ascertain the hydrogeological conditions of the mining face and its surroundings before mining. Resource integration, merger and reorganization of coal mines should strengthen the general survey of hidden danger factors such as water and gas in coal mines, find historical data and formulate corresponding disaster control measures.

Third, all kinds of waterproof coal (rock) pillars must be designed, and waterproof coal pillars must be designed between adjacent mines. The damaged waterproof coal pillars must be reinforced by grouting and facilities such as sluice walls must be established to ensure waterproof safety; The surface cracks caused by mining should be filled and reinforced in time, the collapse pits formed after coal mining should be thoroughly treated in time, the abandoned coal mine shaft should be filled and filled, and grouting reinforcement should be carried out in time when there is water leakage in the outcrop of coal measures strata.

People's Daily Online-the State Council Safety Committee Office reported that four recent coal mine flooding accidents caused 10 deaths.

2. Less knowledge of three defenses

The so-called "three defenses" refers to the protection of nuclear, biological and chemical weapons (see nuclear, chemical and biological weapons for details).

It is an effective way to destroy the enemy and protect yourself. (1) Protection of personnel by nuclear weapons Nuclear weapons are also called atomic weapons.

It is a weapon that uses the huge energy released instantly by the nuclear melon to kill and destroy. Generally refers to the atomic bomb, hydrogen bomb and neutron bomb.

The lethal effect of nuclear weapons on human beings is caused by four fatal factors: shock wave, optical radiation, early nuclear radiation and radioactive pollution. A person who is injured by one killer is called a single injury, and a person who is injured by more than two killers is called a compound injury.

When the enemy uses nuclear weapons, personnel can take corresponding protective measures according to different situations. 1. Shock wave, optical radiation and early nuclear radiation protection. Because the duration of shock wave, light radiation and early nuclear radiation is very short, it is also called instantaneous killing damage factor.

The protection against the factors of instantaneous killing and destruction is mainly: when people are in the fortifications with closed and toxic ventilation equipment, they should be isolated after discovering the nuclear explosion, and then carry out toxic ventilation or clean ventilation according to the situation. During isolation, keep quiet, do not smoke, and use less or no naked flame to reduce the oxygen consumption in the fortifications.

When people are in a closed defense, after discovering a nuclear explosion, they should block their ear holes with cotton balls to prevent tympanic membrane damage. When people are hiding in the open-air fortifications, they should lie down at the bottom of the fortifications, close their eyes, shut up, slightly retract their abdomen and put their hands on their chests.

Elbows are extended forward, so that two big arms cover some parts to avoid or reduce the damage of light radiation to exposed skin. People in a single bunker can squat down, try to keep a low profile and block their ears with their hands.

When people have no time to enter the fortifications and find flashes, they should quickly use the nearby terrain to lie down (the same as lying down in the open-air fortifications). The direction of lying down depends on the explosion direction and terrain characteristics of nuclear weapons.

People in the open space should lie down with their backs to the explosion center. When the terrain is small, lie down against the explosion center to protect your head.

People who have no time to go out indoors should avoid doors and windows and lie down in the corner or under the bed or under the table against the wall to avoid indirect injury. When a moving vehicle finds a flash, it should stop immediately. The people in the car lie in the car the most. People who can't lie down, try to keep a low profile and fasten the car or handle.

2. Protection of radioactive pollution When people are in a polluted area, in order to reduce the damage caused by radioactive pollution, they should wear protective masks or masks in time, or cover their mouths and noses with towels; Wear protective boots, or tie the trouser legs and cuffs, and cover the exposed skin with raincoats, rags, sheets and other toiletries; Avoid casual contact with contaminated items, avoid sitting and lying down, and take off protective equipment; Try not to eat, drink or smoke in polluted areas; Minimize the stay time in the polluted area. When people pass through polluted areas, they should take corresponding protective measures to avoid areas with high irradiation rate and pass quickly.

When people leave the polluted area, measures should be taken immediately to eliminate pollution. When traveling, use brooms, branches, etc. Brush each other to remove radioactive dust from clothes.

When sweeping the floor, people should stand in the windward direction. Then take off the mask or face mask, rinse your mouth and blow your nose, and scrub the exposed parts of your body with clean water.

When water is scarce, you can wipe it with a towel, handkerchief, etc. Wipe it once and fold it once. If conditions permit, it should be washed by shower or bathed in unpolluted rivers to eliminate the whole body.

It is best to wash the dyed clothes with water and soap. Check whether there is pollution after cleaning, and leave only when it is lower than the allowable value.

When there is no instrument inspection, pay attention to cleaning exposed and dusty parts (such as ears and nose). ) several times. (2) Protection of chemical weapons against personnel Chemical weapons refer to weapons containing some highly toxic chemicals, that is, toxic agents (called poisonous gases), which are released on the battlefield to harm people, livestock and destroy plants.

There are nerve agents, erosive agents, incapacitating agents, sexual agents and asphyxiating agents. Although all kinds of toxic agents do great harm to people, the harm of chemical weapons can be reduced or avoided as long as we learn protective methods and use protective articles correctly.

1. When attacked by enemy chemical weapons, you can use equipment and fortifications for protection. When using equipment for protection, the protection of respiratory tract and eyes is mainly to wear gas masks or simple respiratory tract and eye protection equipment.

When carrying out full-body protection, in addition to protecting respiratory tract and eyes, you should also put on an anti-virus cloak or raincoat, plastic and so on quickly. When using fortifications for protection, if circumstances permit, others should immediately enter the shelter fortifications, close the sealed doors or put down the air curtain except the observation and duty personnel.

When using fortifications with protective facilities for protection, they should enter in an organized manner according to the commander's orders, and they are not allowed to enter or leave at will. When you go in, you should prevent poison from being brought in.

After going in, we should reduce all kinds of activities. People in fortifications without closed facilities should wear masks for protection.

2. When the disinfection personnel of personnel and clothes are poisoned, they can be disinfected according to different situations and different conditions. When the skin is poisoned, the disinfectant in the protective box can be used for disinfection.

When there is no protective box, the obvious poison droplets should be quickly absorbed with cotton, cloth, paper and dry soil, washed with soapy water, washing powder water, plant ash water, alkaline water and clean water, and wiped with gasoline, kerosene and alcohol. In case of eye poisoning, rinse with 2% baking soda water or water; When the wound is ground, the nerve agent is washed with 2% baking soda water, and the ground agent is washed with 1: 1000 potassium permanganate aqueous solution. During disinfection, the infected surface should be prevented from expanding.

Used cotton, cloth, etc. Should be buried or burned. After leaving the polluted area, if conditions permit, rivers, bathhouses and decontamination stations can be used for whole body decontamination.

Thoroughly remove the residual disinfectant and toxic products on the skin. Clean clothes should be washed and changed.

Before the wounded are washed away, wrap the wound with waterproof bandages or plastic sheets. 3. First aid for poisoned personnel When someone is poisoned, first aid should be given to him quickly.

When giving first aid, you should wear a gas mask first, and then take corresponding first aid drugs and methods according to the different poisons in the personnel. When the nerve agent is poisoned, the phosphorus-dissolving needle should be injected immediately for artificial respiration; Cyanic acid

3. What is the focus of three prevention work in rainy season in coal mine?

The focus is on the arrangement of personnel, the establishment of institutions and the preparation of materials.

And organize an emergency drill before the rainy season. The rainy season is coming, in order to do a good job of "three prevention" in the rainy season of 20 1 1 in our mine, ensure the safe production of coal mines and prevent the occurrence of water disasters in coal mines.

First, raise awareness and attach great importance to the "three defenses" work in the rainy season. It is necessary to fully understand the particularity and arduousness of the "three defenses" work in the rainy season of coal mines. It is clear that the situation of "three defenses" in rainy season is grim, so we must keep a clear understanding, sound the alarm bell, persevere, do the specific work in detail and resolutely prevent the occurrence of water disasters.

Second, strengthen leadership, carefully organize, ensure the input of "Three Preventions" in rainy season and the implementation of various measures, personally deploy the work of "Three Preventions" in rainy season, carefully organize and analyze the current situation of "Three Preventions" in rainy season, urge coal mining enterprises to take preventive measures in advance, make good planning arrangements, and take the initiative to carry out the prevention and control of coal mine water disasters. The establishment of the rainy season "three prevention" work leading group and the corresponding rainy season "three prevention" work leading institutions, specifically responsible for urging coal mines to implement the rainy season "three prevention" work.

The mine manager is the first person responsible for the "three defenses" work in the rainy season of coal mines, and he should personally deploy and arrange the "three defenses" work in the rainy season of coal mines. Coal mining enterprises must set up a leading organization for the work of "three defenses" in rainy season, formulate the work plan and implementation plan of "three defenses" in rainy season of coal mines, ensure sufficient capital investment, earnestly do a good job in the investigation of hidden dangers of water disasters, organize rescue teams, and reserve sufficient emergency materials to ensure that emergency rescue and disaster relief can be put in place in time and play a role.

Iii. Key points of "Three Preventions" in rainy season in coal mines 1. Coal mining enterprises must earnestly find out the water disasters in mining areas. Mines must regularly collect, investigate and check the water accumulation in neighboring mines and abandoned old kilns, and at least plot the wellhead position, mining scope and water accumulation in neighboring mines outside 100 meters on the underground comparison map.

2, coal mining enterprises must according to the needs of ventilation system, production system, increase the intensity of on-site inspections, mining, roadway repair working face must formulate "rainy season" roof management special measures, working face drainage equipment should be in good condition, reliable, all kinds of spare materials, equipment should be sufficient, special type of work operation should be standardized, emergency measures should conform to the norms, to lay a solid foundation for a smooth flood season. 3, coal mining enterprises should find out the spatial relationship between all working faces and adjacent roadways within the scope of this mine, and all production mining areas should ensure the engineering quality of working faces, strengthen support, and it is strictly forbidden to lack columns and beams.

Strengthen the roof water control of coal mining face, tunneling face and roadway repair face, strengthen the support of fault fracture zone and loose coal quality area, and prevent roof caving and collapse. Strengthen the maintenance of alleys, stone gates and main inclined lanes within the jurisdiction, clean up and dig ditches and water warehouses to meet the needs of mine drainage.

4, coal mining enterprises should carefully check the main drainage pump, drainage pipeline, starting equipment, waterproof gate, etc. , found to be damaged, aging and other quality problems, should be repaired or replaced immediately; Waterproof gate, water inlet valve, and water warehouse connecting lane valve should be maintained in time to ensure good condition; It is necessary to strengthen the management of drainage pipes to prevent the valves from being opened and closed at will, which will affect the normal drainage of drainage facilities; Do a good job of smooth communication and ensure that communication facilities are sensitive and reliable. 5. Coal mining enterprises should ensure that all kinds of drainage equipment are in good condition and reliable, that is, no explosion and normal operation, and the water pump and power supply are switched to use regularly every day. The drainage capacity of the pump meets the design requirements, with standby drainage equipment and smooth drainage system.

6. Coal mining enterprises should conscientiously do a good job in lightning protection, improve lightning protection and grounding facilities, including lightning protection and grounding of cables, pipelines, tracks and belt racks entering the well, insulating plywood of tracks entering the well, and do electrical preventive tests in strict accordance with the requirements. The test report must be properly kept, and those that fail to pass the test must be handled until they are qualified. Substation and all kinds of relay protection, lightning arrester, etc. Must be sensitive and reliable to prevent lightning damage to various facilities. Staff must standardize the operation of substation and wear necessary protective tools. 7. Coal mining enterprises should establish a daily inspection system of mine power supply lines within the scope of property rights during the rainy season, strengthen the inspection of mine power supply lines, and prune or cut down trees that affect the safety of power supply lines; The pole-Tara line should be overhauled and the observation of the landslide zone around the tower should be strengthened. If any danger is found, measures should be taken immediately to ensure the normal power supply of transmission lines.

8 coal mining enterprises should strengthen the inspection and maintenance of transportation equipment under their jurisdiction to ensure the normal production and timely arrival of waterproof and drainage materials and equipment. 9. Coal mining enterprises should adhere to the 16-character policy of "forecasting, digging, digging before digging, treating before mining".

In places where water may accumulate near the mining face, such as abandoned water silos and mined-out areas of old kilns, there must be special design and measures for water exploration and drainage. If there are signs of water seepage, the operation must be stopped immediately and reported to prevent the occurrence of water seepage accidents. At the same time, we should improve all kinds of drainage facilities to separate coal from water.

10, during the rainy season, coal mining enterprises should strengthen underground hydrogeological work, often observe underground water inflow, and seriously investigate and collect mine hydrogeological data and small coal mines in the mining area. Every time it rains heavily and after, we should regularly observe the hydrological changes in the underground. If abnormal water gushing is found, it is necessary to find out the reason and report to the coal management bureau of the county (city, management area).

1 1. For coal mines located near surface rivers, flash floods, reservoirs, etc. Build dams and ditches at wellhead and industrial square to prevent surface water from flowing back into the mine. When there is water leakage in surface water body, coal mining subsidence area and outcrop of coal measures strata. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out anti-seepage reinforcement treatment for the basement of the leaking water body.

12, coal mining enterprises strengthen the prevention and control management of raw coal piles and gangue piles, dredge ditches and build flood control ditches to prevent the coal piles from being washed by storms and floods and the gangue piles from being destroyed by landslides. 13, coal mining enterprises should do a good job of patrolling the industrial square area after the rain and take effective measures in time; Relocation of dangerous houses to prevent landslides and collapse of dangerous houses from affecting the life and property safety of employees' families.

All drainage ditches, culverts and living service areas in residential areas should be carefully cleaned to ensure smooth flow. To do a good job of culvert cleaning within the scope of responsibility.

For the flood-threatening areas in the industrial square area, the retaining wall should be built in time to clear the ditches. 14, during the rainy season, coal mining enterprises should strengthen the main shaft, auxiliary shaft, air shaft wellhead, main fan room, gas.

4. What should be included in the rainy season three prevention work plan?

Three defenses in rainy season include flood control, lightning protection and drainage.

Flood control: Basic work includes flood control planning, flood control construction, flood control project management and application, flood control dispatching and arrangement, post-disaster recovery and reconstruction, etc. Flood control measures include engineering measures and non-engineering measures.

Lightning protection: Its basic principle is to form an integrated system of intercepting, dredging and finally discharging into the ground to prevent the building itself or its internal equipment from being damaged by direct lightning or lightning electromagnetic pulse.

Extended data

Rainstorm and flood seasons have certain regularity. If it is in the main flood season, heavy rain can directly lead to floods, and it will also cause secondary disasters such as landslides, landslides, E799Ba6E79E98193E7898E69D8331334331366266, mudslides and urban waterlogging.

Precautionary measures before rainstorm

1. When the rainstorm comes, close the doors and windows to prevent rainwater from rushing into the house. Once the water enters, immediately turn off the power supply, gas and other equipment.

2. Cut off dangerous outdoor power supply in low-lying areas.

Don't take the underpass, and don't take the underpass under the viaduct.

4, don't walk in running water, 15 cm deep running water will make people fall.

5. If you find fast-flowing, turbid and mixed with sediment in mountainous areas, it may be a precursor to flash floods, so you should leave streams or rivers.

6. When driving in heavy rain, you should turn on the rain fog lights, slow down, pay attention to prevent flash floods, and avoid water accumulation and landslides.

7. Pay attention to the power facilities in the street. If any wires slip, stay away immediately and report to the power department immediately.

8. If the residence may be seriously flooded, evacuate the residence and take refuge in a safe place.

9. In case of danger, please call 1 10 for help.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Notice of the People's Government of Yunnan Province on Printing and Distributing the Basic Conditions for Safe Production of Small Coal Mines in Yunnan Province (for Trial Implementation)

Baidu encyclopedia-flood control