Political answer method

"Use what you have learned to explain why ..." This is a common question in political science. The direction of answering such questions is clear, just answer "why", but the normative thinking of answering questions must be clear in two aspects: first, the theoretical basis for doing so, that is, "applying what you have learned" according to the requirements of the questions (it is also necessary to determine whether it is economic common sense, political common sense or philosophical common sense); The second is to explain the actual reason for doing so (if it is a correct approach, it must explain its practical significance, if it is a wrong behavior or view, it must explain the nature and harm of its mistakes).

For example: 200165438+February 1 1, China officially became a member of the WTO. With the opportunities and challenges brought by China's entry into the WTO, many enterprises in China attach great importance to creating brand-name products, updating technology, reducing production costs and changing operating mechanisms in order to adapt to the market and win in the competition. Explain why enterprises should take the above measures with the knowledge of commodity economy.

Analysis: To answer this question, we must first find out what measures the enterprise has taken and what knowledge these measures are related to economic common sense, and then use the learned knowledge to analyze and explain the behavior of the enterprise. Through the analysis of materials, we can see that the measures taken by enterprises mainly include the following aspects: first, creating famous brands; The second is to improve technology and reduce costs; The third is to change the management mechanism and strengthen management to meet the requirements of the market. According to what we have learned, we can know that the first point is from the perspective of commodity use value, the second point is from the perspective of commodity value, and the third point is from the requirements of the market. Grasping the above three angles will clarify the direction of answering questions, and then analyze them layer by layer according to the standardized answering ideas.

Answer: (1) Commodity is the unity of use value and value, use value is the material undertaker of value, and things without use value are worthless. (Theoretical Basis) If commodity producers want to realize the value of commodities, they must attach importance to the quality of commodities and create their own famous products, so as to take the initiative in the competition. (Practical significance) (2) The value of commodities is determined by the socially necessary labor time for producing commodities. (Theoretical basis) Only by constantly improving technology and increasing labor productivity can commodity producers be in an invincible position in the competition. (Significance) (3) The essence of commodity production is to produce for consumers, and commodity production must be market-oriented. (Theoretical Basis) Only by changing the management mechanism, facing the market and producing marketable and famous products can enterprises achieve the production goal, otherwise they will be eliminated by the market. (meaning)

Note: When answering this question, don't list the knowledge you have learned as one point, but also list the enterprise behavior analysis as one point. Such an answer is not targeted. Blindly listing is regarded as a lack of understanding of knowledge, and generally no points are given. Therefore, this kind of multi-level topic must be expanded layer by layer and explained one by one. Of course, if the materials given are simple and only contain one level of problems, that is another matter. In short, the specific analysis of specific problems is.

In the non-multiple choice questions of political science, there is a common topic: ask students to talk about their understanding of some social hot issues and practical problems. Similar questions include "try to analyze with what you have learned", "discuss", "talk about your opinion" and "talk about your understanding of this problem" and so on.

This kind of questions seems to have no specific direction from the answer requirements, but the answer requirements are comprehensive, requiring students to have an accurate grasp of knowledge and a comprehensive and profound understanding of this social problem. Generally speaking, the way to answer this kind of question needs to start from three aspects: first, start with the given materials and find out what the question is; Second, explain why on the basis of clarifying the right and wrong questions raised in the materials with what you have learned; And third, explain how to do it for the above problems (this sometimes varies from topic to topic, for example, what is said in the question is the right way, so just explain why. In a word, we should not stick to dogma.

For example, in the summer of 2000, some domestic appliance manufacturers formed the "price alliance" and reached a sales agreement to limit the sharp price reduction. Then, before the ink of the agreement was dry, the manufacturers participating in the agreement "dived" to reduce the price, and the price-limited sales failed. How to correctly understand this phenomenon?

Analysis: This topic is a comprehensive survey of economic common sense knowledge, mainly focusing on the law of value, market economy, the relationship between price and value, and fair competition. The correct way to solve this problem is: First of all, we have a clear understanding of the phenomenon described in the materials, that is, "price alliance ended in failure" (what is it? ); Thirdly, on the basis of making a correct judgment on the right or wrong of this phenomenon (price alliance's failure is inevitable), analyze and explain "why" (the standardized thinking of answering questions is in two aspects, one is the theoretical basis, and the other is the practical reason for doing so, which has been explained in the second point above), which is also the focus of answering questions; Finally, since this practice is wrong, how should enterprises "do" to point out the way out for the development of enterprises and prescribe a good way for enterprises to get rid of difficulties. This is the ability of this topic, and it is also the finishing touch and indispensable.

Answer: (1) The price of goods is determined by the value of goods, and the improvement of social labor productivity will inevitably reduce the value of unit goods; At the same time, the price of commodities is affected by the relationship between supply and demand. If supply exceeds demand, commodity prices will inevitably fall. (Theoretical basis of why it failed) (2) Enterprises artificially set prices in the way of "price alliance", which violates the principle of market competition and belongs to unfair competition. This practice is not conducive to normal market competition and the effective use of social resources. (The essence and harm of mistakes) (3) Enterprises should follow market rules and compete fairly; Enterprises should follow the requirements of the law of value, improve labor productivity and reduce success? [6] See κ harmonic ⌒? A man? What's your problem? Hey? /p & gt；

Note: As far as how enterprises should do this problem, it has the characteristics of divergent thinking, and there are no restrictive requirements in terms of materials and answering requirements. Therefore, we can also answer from the aspects of "relying on science and technology to improve the technical level of enterprises and the quality of workers" and "adopting scientific management methods to reduce costs and improve efficiency". As long as it makes sense, you can also score points.

In order to test students' understanding of knowledge, there is also a common question, which is generally in the form of: How do the above materials reflect … knowledge? To answer this kind of questions well, we must first have a correct understanding and understanding of the knowledge required by the topic, and then analyze in detail how this knowledge is embodied in the materials. Generally speaking, the knowledge points involved in this kind of questions will not be simple content level, so it is necessary to expand the knowledge points layer by layer and compare them with the materials one by one. If there is something, analyze it, and if there is nothing, discard it. There is no need to cover everything.

For example, the Nansha Islands have always belonged to China. In view of the different territorial demands of neighboring countries in this field, the China government has put forward the principle of "shelving disputes and jointly developing" on the premise of respecting reality and not giving up sovereignty. On June 5438+065438+1October1,2003, China Offshore Oil Corporation and South China Sea National Petroleum Exploration Company signed a cooperation intention to develop oil resources in the Philippines, which is regarded as a good start to implement the above principles. How does "sovereignty belongs to me, disputes are shelved and * * * jointly developed" reflect China's foreign policy?

Analysis: To answer this question, we must first know exactly what is the basic point of China's foreign policy, and then analyze in detail what this principle embodies.

A: (1) Adhering to an independent foreign policy and resolutely safeguarding national independence and sovereignty are the basic positions of China's foreign policy. "Sovereignty lies with me" is the embodiment of this position. (One of the basic points) (2) China pursues peaceful diplomacy, persists in solving international disputes by peaceful means, and promotes world peace and security, which is one of the basic goals of China's foreign policy. "shelving disputes" embodies this point. (Basic point 2) (3) Persisting in opening to the outside world and developing foreign economic relations is a long-term basic national policy of our country. "* * * Promoting * * through development embodies the spirit of strengthening foreign cooperation and promoting * * * through development in China. (basic point 5)

Note: From the answers to the above questions, we can see that only three of the five basic points of China's foreign policy are included in this principle, and the other two aspects cannot be reflected, so we only need to explain these three points one by one. A wrong way to answer this question is to list all five basic points of China's foreign policy first, then copy the materials, and finally come to the conclusion that "this reflects the basic points of China's foreign policy". This kind of answer is a kind of common mistake that students make in this kind of questions. According to the marking rules of the college entrance examination, this kind of answering logic is inseparable.

There is another problem similar to this one. The general question is this: According to the above materials, analyze what we should do ... (A certain knowledge point, such as doing things according to the law, proceeding from reality, integrating theory with practice, insisting on looking at problems from a development perspective, etc. ). The idea of answering this kind of question is similar to "how to reflect", but the difference is that the key to answering this kind of question is to explain "how to do it", which requires deducing its methodological approach from the learned theory (knowledge points required in the question) and analyzing and explaining it with materials.

There is also a relatively simple question in the subjective question of political science, which generally requires: What economic truth (or philosophical truth or political truth) does the above materials reflect? To answer such questions, firstly, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the materials, including several levels of content; The second is to start from every level, analyze the main reasons, and remember to pay attention to the main and give up the secondary. In short, according to the given score, we should not only fully reflect the materials, but also grasp the key points and not repeat them at the end.

Generally speaking, you must pay attention to the following aspects when answering subjective questions:

First, carefully read the materials and find out the central idea: read through the materials at different levels and read them carefully. The analysis should be comprehensive and grasp the central idea. Don't take words out of context, and draw conclusions from individual words. If you write one thousand words like this, it is Wan Li.

Second, carefully examine the questions and clarify the requirements for answering questions: first, clarify the restrictive requirements for answering questions. For example, from the perspective of economics, politics and philosophical common sense (philosophy can be divided into four parts: dialectical materialism, materialist dialectics, dialectical materialist epistemology, outlook on life and values), it is forbidden to be arrogant and irrelevant. The second is to examine the direction of answering questions, ask the reasons without asking the measures, ask the measures without saying the reasons, and avoid self-justification regardless of the requirements.

Third, integrate theory with practice: when answering questions, you must closely link theory (what you have learned) with materials to explain. Never leave the materials behind and cast a net all over the sky. Theory and materials form two skins, which is time-consuming and laborious.

Fourth, standardize thinking and use accurate language: before starting to answer questions, standardize thinking and clarify the direction of answering questions, and then use standardized political written language to make accurate, concise and scientific statements.