What diseases and insect pests need to be prevented in wheat production?

In 2021, the main targets of wheat diseases and insect pests are scab, powdery mildew, sheath blight and aphids and malignant weeds, with wheat stripe rust also being taken into consideration. Seize the critical opportunity for prevention and control, improve prevention efficiency, reduce the damage of diseases to wheat, and minimize the losses of farmers.

01 Wheat scab

Adhere to the prevention and control strategy of "prevention first, proactive attack", and effectively achieve "use the right time, use the right kind of medicine, use sufficient dosage, Defend enough times."

First, take the medicine at the right time. The first application of pesticides must be at the early stage of wheat flowering, so as to achieve "flowering, prevention and control". Generally, one application of pesticides will fully cover the areas where wheat blooms. However, two applications of pesticides are not required for highly susceptible varieties, extremely irregular growth periods, and areas with frequent rainy weather during the flowering period. Shake; if the wheat flowering period encounters continuous rainy weather, you can choose the rain gap or apply the pesticide before the rain. If it rains within 6 hours after the spray, timely treatment should be carried out.

The second is rational drug selection. Actively select cyanostrobin, prothioconazole, triflufenac, tebuconazole and their compound preparations to replace highly resistant pharmaceutical varieties such as carbendazim and polyketone, and promote the upgrading of scab prevention and control pharmaceuticals Replacement; it is necessary to rotate the use of pharmaceutical varieties with different mechanisms of action, and use single doses such as pyraclostrobin and azoxystrobin with caution.

The third is scientific application of pesticides. Promote the use of self-propelled boom sprayers, autonomous flying plant protection drones and other high-efficiency plant protection machinery. Sufficient amounts of medicine and water must be used to ensure the control effect. Boom sprayers consume 20~30kg of water per acre, and motorized mist and static electricity The water consumption per acre of spraying is 15~20kg.

The fourth is drying and storage. Harvest at the right time, remove diseased seeds, dry them and store them in storage to prevent wet seeds from being stored and increasing the risk of toxin contamination.

02 Wheat powdery mildew

It is necessary to take the initiative to prevent and control wheat powdery mildew in the early stages of the disease. That is, during the jointing and booting stage of wheat, for early-onset and re-infected fields, the diseased plant rate reaches 5-10 or the diseased leaf rate reaches 1-5 fields individually to reduce the incidence of the disease; at the heading and flowering stage, the diseased plant rate reaches 15 or the upper part The disease rate of three functional leaves reaches 20%. Combined with the prevention and control of scab, pesticides should be used for prevention and treatment. The second prevention and treatment should be carried out 7-10 days after the first prevention and treatment in areas with heavy outbreaks.

Use sufficient amount of medicine and water, and spray evenly and thoroughly. The types of medicines include pyraclostrobin, mesostrobin, tebuconazole, propiconazole, myclobutanil, epoxiconazole, etc. . When combined with the control of wheat scab, methoxyacrylates such as pyraclostrobin and acetostrobin should be used with caution.

03 Wheat sheath blight

From the end of February to early to mid-March, when wheat is turning green and jointing, before the sheath blight invades the stems and the diseased plant rate reaches 5-10, carry out control; For re-infested fields, the second control should be carried out 7-10 days after the first control.

Prevention and control agents can be single or compound agents such as thifuramide, tebuconazole, hexaconazole, and Jinggangmycin. To use sufficient amounts of pesticides and water, you can choose self-propelled boom sprayers or efficient autonomous flying plant protection drones to apply pesticides in the morning when the dew is still wet or in the evening.

04 Wheat stripe rust

On the basis of strengthening field monitoring, in early sporadic occurrence areas, we must "find one point and prevent and control one area", manage the surface, and reduce the base of bacterial sources. , reduce the risk of late epidemic.

At the ear stage, the diseased leaf rate reaches 5. Timely organize unified control and emergency prevention and control to strictly prevent large-scale epidemics and disasters; the control agents can be cycloconazole, tebuconazole, epoconazole, and propylene glycol. Azoles, mesostrobin, etc.

05 Wheat aphids

Focus on the prevention and control of ear aphids. When the number of aphids reaches 500 or the aphid rate reaches 5-10, timely organization and prevention will be carried out. Control agents can be dinotefuran, acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, sulfoxaflor, pymetrozine, etc.

06 Wheat field weeds

Accurately grasp the prevention and control period. In early spring, the control of grass weeds should be carried out after all seedlings have emerged. The control of broadleaf weeds should be strictly controlled before the wheat jointing stage. Herbicides are prohibited to be used after wheat jointing. Herbicides should be used on sunny days with an average daily temperature above 5℃, and avoid using herbicides on sunny days. Use medication before and after low temperatures and cold waves, and use medication with caution in low-lying paddy fields to avoid phytotoxicity.

Scientific selection of pharmaceutical varieties. The right medicinal species should be selected based on the grass phase and resistance to pesticides.

For grassy weeds mainly composed of grass weeds and genus Skeleton, you can use pesticides such as pinoxaden, isopropuron, and trimetrione to control; for broadleaf weeds mainly composed of pigweed and chickweed, etc. Leaf weeds can be controlled with fluroxypyr, sodium 2-methyl-4-chloride, flusufen, flufenacet and other chemicals; for fields with mixed grasses and broadleaf weeds, a combination of the above two types of chemicals can be selected Medication; It is strictly forbidden to use long-residue period herbicides to avoid affecting subsequent crops.