Pollution of aquaculture on water environment

In China's economic structure, aquaculture accounts for a very important proportion, which not only promotes the growth of China's national economy, but also increases people's income. However, unreasonable breeding will lead to the destruction of the whole breeding environment and bring great trouble to breeding production. In the new period, people's awareness of environmental protection is gradually strengthened, and aquaculture must establish the concept of environmental protection to promote the harmonious and unified development of aquaculture and the environment. By analyzing the causes of environmental pollution caused by aquaculture in China, the specific prevention measures are put forward.

1 Causes of environmental pollution caused by aquaculture

1. 1 internal factors

At present, in aquaculture, the influence of internal factors of aquaculture on environmental pollution can not be ignored. The internal factors of aquaculture are mainly reflected in the diversification of aquaculture models, and the main reason for environmental pollution is that different models have different effects on environmental pollution. 1) In the freshwater pond culture mode, the internal water resources are generally strong, which leads to the weak purification ability of the water body itself, while the culture density is high, which will produce a lot of organic matter and feces, leading to eutrophication of the whole water body. The growth of algae leads to the destruction of aquaculture environment.

2) The industrialized aquaculture of aquaculture mainly uses fish feed for feeding, and the water body cannot be replaced in time. Moreover, the wastewater is directly discharged into the surrounding pond after replacement, and some organic substances in fish feed will randomly enter the pond, causing the destruction of the pond environment. 3) The cage culture method of aquaculture is to set cages in a certain area and connect the culture area with the surrounding waters for aquaculture. Chemicals produced by disinfection and cage feeding will lead to the destruction of the whole water area, eutrophication of water body, serious red tide and intensified environmental pollution.

1.2 external factors

In aquaculture, external factors are often the main cause of environmental pollution. In aquaculture, in order to maximize the benefits, people ignore the impact of aquaculture on environmental pollution, over-breed, unreasonably increase the aquaculture area, and discharge aquaculture wastewater out of order, which seriously pollutes and destroys the surrounding air environment, water environment and soil environment, resulting in increased environmental pressure in the whole aquaculture area. In addition, in aquaculture, aquaculture personnel do not have the concept of environmental protection and do not realize the important requirements of environmental protection in the new period, which leads to serious damage to the environment during aquaculture. For example, the state has strict regulations on the proportion of feed for aquaculture, but many farmers do not mix feed within this regulation, and even use a lot of illegal drugs, which has caused serious damage to the environment. In the aquaculture work in China, the management department did not strengthen the monitoring and management of aquaculture, and the division of aquaculture areas was unreasonable, which led to the spread and growth of environmental pollution caused by aquaculture and triggered a major environmental crisis, which was not conducive to the development of aquaculture in China.

2. Specific measures to prevent and control environmental pollution caused by aquaculture

Before putting forward specific prevention and control measures, we must make clear the causes of environmental pollution caused by aquaculture, understand the causes of environmental pollution caused by internal and external factors of aquaculture, and start from these reasons, so as to carry out more targeted prevention and control countermeasures for environmental pollution, improve the level of aquaculture in China, promote the sustainable development of aquaculture in China, and protect the natural ecological environment in China.

2. 1 Strengthen management and establish a reasonable system

In the process of preventing and controlling environmental pollution caused by aquaculture, the relevant environmental departments should strengthen the management of aquaculture and set up a reasonable aquaculture system to ensure that aquaculture is carried out within the controllable range. Do a good job in breeding area planning, deeply understand the carrying capacity of the ecological environment area where breeding is located, and set a reasonable breeding scale. 2) In the process of aquaculture management, it is necessary to establish a perfect aquaculture system, establish a responsibility system and assessment mechanism for aquaculture technicians, and strictly review the aquaculture qualifications to ensure the environmental protection of aquaculture areas.

3) Monitor the relevant culture areas to avoid the phenomenon of secretly breeding, and regularly monitor the water resources, soil and air environment of the culture areas to check whether the environment of the culture areas meets the standards. Those who do not meet the standards shall be ordered to suspend business for rectification, and the environmental pollution caused by aquaculture shall be rectified. If serious environmental pollution is caused, it shall be punished or the qualification for aquaculture production shall be revoked. Only by fundamentally establishing the responsibility of aquaculture for environmental pollution can we carry out targeted prevention and control countermeasures and promote the green and healthy development of aquaculture in China.

2.2 Improve the professional level and comprehensive quality of aquaculture technicians.

In the process of aquaculture, we must pay attention to improving the professional level and comprehensive quality of technicians in order to better carry out aquaculture work. At present, the professional level of aquaculture technicians in China is uneven, and many farmers still stay in the traditional extensive farming mode, which has a great impact on the environment. Therefore, it is necessary for aquaculture technicians to establish environmental awareness, strengthen the training and study of aquaculture technicians, and carry out different skills training according to different aquaculture models, so as to achieve the purpose of environmental protection through advanced aquaculture technology.

In addition, it is necessary to strengthen the assessment management of aquaculture personnel, issue technical personnel certificates to those who have passed the assessment of aquaculture technicians, and ensure that the assessment mechanism is based on environmental protection and aquaculture is carried out in reasonable aquaculture areas. Establish an early warning system for aquaculture environment. If there is too much use of chemicals or too much residual organic matter, it will automatically call the police and inform the aquaculture technicians to take effective measures to deal with environmental pollution in time. Therefore, in the process of aquaculture, it is necessary to avoid the excessive use of chemical substances, clean up the organic substances in the aquaculture area in time and effectively, better improve the environment in the aquaculture area and enhance the aquaculture level in China.

3 Conclusion

In the process of China's economic development, aquaculture has brought huge economic benefits, but it also has a great impact on the environment and ecology. Therefore, when developing aquaculture, we must establish the concept of green ecology, strengthen the awareness of environmental protection in the economic development of aquaculture, and the environmental protection department should strengthen the guidance and supervision of aquaculture to promote the green and sustainable development of aquaculture.