How to do junior high school when talking about politics and understanding

Short answer questions mainly examine students' cognition, understanding and application of basic knowledge such as basic concepts, basic principles, basic viewpoints and basic conclusions. How to answer short answer questions, let's talk about the general skills of answering short answer questions first.

first, grasp the central word in the question and make it concrete.

second, accurately grasp whether the answer required in the question belongs to "what", "why" or "how to do it".

Third, link the teaching materials for comparison.

fourth, control the number of answering questions according to the score.

finally, pay attention to being concise and not dragging your feet.

In the open-book form, with the in-depth development of the new curriculum, there are more and more types of short-answer questions. Different types of short-answer questions should also pay attention to different answering skills. Next, we will talk about some special problem-solving skills on several common types of short-answer questions.

1. Material type: give the materials and answer the questions according to them. When doing this kind of problem, we should pay attention to: read the material and make clear its center or theme; Use your head to find out the knowledge points related to this material in the textbook; Fasten the meaning of the question, grasp the combination of materials and textbook knowledge, and integrate the answers.

2. Chart type: This kind of questions has the characteristics of concrete image, conciseness, various forms and large amount of information. Candidates are required to compare the relevant data and materials in the chart, find out the rules and connections, and then give a brief answer by using the knowledge they have learned and the social reality. When doing the problem, we should pay attention to: compare the data or materials to find out what changes have been made; Predict the trend of data or material change, that is, how it will change further with time; When observing, we should consider the vertical and horizontal contrast and changes in the chart, and don't just pay attention to a certain direction; Pay special attention to the explanatory words and suggestive words in the chart in order to find the direction or main points of the answer.

3. Cartoon type: This kind of questions is to create a certain situation through cartoons that are intuitive, vivid, interesting and humorous, so as to guide students to reveal the meaning, analyze the phenomenon, talk about inspiration, make suggestions and talk about practices. When answering, we should pay attention to: carefully observe the cartoon, not just the superficial phenomenon, but also reveal the true or main meaning of the cartoon, and pay more attention to the explanatory text and suggestive text or voice-over in the picture and the "title" of the cartoon when observing; Use your head to find out which ideas or principles in the textbook are consistent with or related to the moral of comics; Look at the question and make clear the answer range.

4. Behavior evaluation type: This type of question is a kind of case analysis question, which shows that a specific case is given, and it is required to use the learned legal knowledge to briefly evaluate the behavior of the relevant characters in the case. When answering, you should pay attention to: read the case, find out what behaviors the protagonist in the case has done, and judge whether his behavior is legal; Go back to the textbook and find the knowledge points or legal provisions related to this behavior; Use legal terms or legal terms to explain the behavior of the protagonist in the case concisely, and point out what to do if necessary.

Analysis and explanation questions of senior high school entrance examination and coping strategies

Analysis and explanation questions are important questions of senior high school entrance examination, and candidates are generally required to combine background materials and use what they have learned to answer questions. This kind of questions has the characteristics of rich materials, open answers and comprehensive knowledge. Generally, it can be done according to the following steps: summarizing the theme, indicating the attitude, writing the meaning, telling the principle, combining with the actual concrete analysis, summarizing and understanding. The following categories are explained:

1. Inductive type: It mainly requires candidates to draw a conclusion through the analysis of background materials, that is, to judge the question of "what is it", and to focus on examining the candidates' ability of induction and generalization. The questions of this kind are generally "what problems are explained or reflected by the above materials" and "analyze and explain the above materials with relevant knowledge". For the answers to this kind of questions, we can borrow the method of summarizing the general idea and central idea of paragraphs in Chinese discipline, summarize the surface meaning of materials in concise language, analyze and summarize them layer by layer, and return to the teaching materials, so as to make a more comprehensive answer.

2. Deductive: It mainly requires candidates to use the basic ideas or principles they have learned to make a reasonable explanation and explanation of the background materials, usually in the form of "How to understand …", "Talk about your understanding of …" and "Talk about your views on …". This kind of questions has a large span and strong comprehensiveness, and focuses on examining the ability of candidates to comprehensively analyze problems. When answering, we must first read the material carefully and repeatedly, divide the layers of the material and summarize the meaning of each layer; Then add "interrogative words", such as "what", "why" and "how", and finally return to the textbook to correctly explain the textbook in connection with what you have learned.

3. evaluation: it mainly requires candidates to comment on characters or phenomena in the materials, focusing on examining candidates' judgment ability. When solving this kind of problem, the first step is to make an overall evaluation of this matter or behavior, and then point out the basis of it according to the knowledge learned.

4. self-participation: this kind of questions focuses on examining the practical ability and ideological consciousness of candidates. The main ways to ask questions are "talk about your plans" and "talk about your suggestions". Pay attention to starting from your own reality and according to the requirements of the topic, be free to play, be bold in innovation and participate.

5. Ask yourself and answer yourself: This kind of questions only have background materials, and no specific questions are set. It gives candidates the initiative to ask questions, analyze problems and solve problems, and focuses on examining candidates' questioning ability and problem-solving ability. The key to solving such problems is to ask questions. The questions asked should not be too difficult or too simple. Generally speaking, we can ask such questions as "What did the above problems explain", "What caused the above problems" and "How should we solve these problems". We can also grasp the details in the background materials and ask some small questions about the details.

In short, we can adopt different methods to answer different types of analysis and explanation questions, but no matter what type of analysis and explanation questions, we should do the following when answering them:

Step 1: Carefully examine the questions and make clear the meaning of the questions. Examining questions includes examining "materials" and "problems". The purpose is to find out the intention of the proposer. Review the material, read it roughly first and then carefully, and grasp its key words, main points and central ideas as soon as possible. Examining questions is to find out the center of the question and the special requirements of the question, so as to find out the theoretical knowledge of textbooks that should be used in answering questions. There is no fixed order for reviewing materials and questions. For topics with many materials, review the questions first and then review the materials (with questions); For topics with less materials, the materials should be reviewed first and then the problems should be reviewed (contact materials should be reviewed), and the two must cooperate and read repeatedly.

Step 2: Return to the textbook and implement the content. This is the key to answering questions. Generally speaking, the analysis of the senior high school entrance examination shows that the topic is "the problem lies outside the book, and the reason lies in the book". Returning to the textbook is to accurately return the effective information obtained from the materials and questions to the textbook. The regression textbook should be considered comprehensively, and the textbook content involved in the test analysis may be cross-grade and cross-chapter. Therefore, when returning to the textbook, we should divergent thinking and integrate the answers from multiple angles and levels.

Step 3: Clear your mind and organize your answers. The answer should be targeted, and it should not be inferior to the rest. It should involve multiple knowledge points, consider their priority and sequence, and indicate them with serial numbers, so as to be clear-cut, hierarchical and standardized in language. Never answer irrelevant questions and deviate from the meaning of the question.

practice and inquiry questions

1. characteristics of questions

practice and inquiry questions are a new type of questions in the senior high school entrance examination in recent years. The emergence of this question type is to meet the needs of the reform and development of the senior high school entrance examination and the requirements of the new curriculum standard "to cultivate students' innovative spirit and practical ability and encourage students to have their own opinions". This kind of test questions are mainly in the form of investigation report, activity design, theme class meeting, speech draft, speech outline, writing small papers, etc., which have the characteristics of strong divergence, close contact with students and social life, and advocating and encouraging diversification of answers.

The general requirements for answering such questions are as follows: (1) First, students are required to actively participate in activities and practice, and be familiar with and master the methods and procedures of various practical activities. ⑵ Have strong innovative spirit and practical ability, and be able to think and solve problems independently. (3) to examine the meaning of the question and answer it as required. (4) To return to textbooks to find the foothold of knowledge. (5) The designed activity plan or steps should be practical, practical, creative, perfect and highly operable. (6) Pay attention to the orderliness, openness and logicality of the answers.

2. Questions and answering methods

(1) Investigation report. Investigation report is a written material written by people after in-depth investigation and research on a certain situation, event, experience or problem. It reflects some regular things found by people through investigation and research, and puts forward corresponding measures and suggestions, which is the result of social investigation practice. Learning to write investigation reports will help us to further understand and participate in society, combine what we have learned with social practice and improve our quality in an all-round way.

The writing of investigation report generally includes the following four parts in format and content:

Part I: Title. According to the purpose of the survey, there are two kinds of titles: single title and double title. No matter which title form is adopted, it must conform to the theme of the survey.

part ii: introduction. The introduction should generally explain the purpose, object, content and method of the investigation. The survey methods can be questionnaire, interview, observation, forum, etc.

part iii: subject. The main body is the backbone of the full text, which describes the basic situation of the investigation, lists typical cases and data, discusses and analyzes them properly, and summarizes the experience or laws, which is the key part to express the main idea of the investigation report. The writing of the main part should pay attention to three points: first, list the detailed steps of the investigation, including the time, place and personnel arrangement of the investigation, the outline of the investigation questions, the problems that should be paid attention to in the investigation, the feedback and evaluation methods of the investigation, etc. Second, we should write clearly about the investigation. This requires classifying and sorting out the materials obtained from the investigation. Third, in order to have a discussion, we should use the knowledge we have learned to analyze, discuss and clarify our own understanding and views. Fourth, we should find out the regularity through analysis.

part iv: conclusions and suggestions. This is the last part of the investigation report. Generally, it is necessary to summarize the main points of the whole article, draw conclusions and put forward specific suggestions for the existing problems.

[ example]: China has a large number of rivers and lakes, but it is a country that is seriously short of water. Make a survey of residents' domestic water consumption according to the water consumption in your area.

(1) list the survey topics

(2) list the survey plan (purpose, object, content or information, ways or methods)

(3) make suggestions according to the analysis of the survey results.

[ Reference Answer ]

(1) Topic: Water consumption status of residents in our city (county) and its countermeasures

(2) A. Objective: Through the investigation of residents' domestic water consumption, to understand the water supply situation and the waste degree of water, analyze the reasons, understand the urgency of water saving and enhance the awareness of water saving of the whole people.

b, target: residents around the country and residence, waterworks, sewage treatment plants, environmental protection bureaus, rivers and reservoirs

c, content or information: water source status, use and water consumption, and factors affecting reservoirs.

d, methods and approaches: on-the-spot investigation; Questionnaire survey; Visit; Sample for laboratory analysis.

(3) Suggestions: ① Control the pollution of production and domestic water; (2) provide water saving, rationally optimize water use and improve the reuse rate of water; ③ Reform the water price mechanism to restrict water consumption; ④ Improve vegetation coverage, do a good job in soil and water conservation and reduce soil erosion.

(2) activity design: designing a reasonable activity plan is an indispensable link to do a good job in activities. To design an activity plan reasonably, we must do the following four things:

First, the theme of the activity. This is the core of designing a reasonable activity plan, and the design of the theme should closely focus on the requirements of the topic.

second, the purpose of the activity. This is the premise of designing a reasonable scheme. It is determined according to the theme. Because the theme is the center of the activity and the soul of the whole activity.

third, activity preparation. Is to do a good job in ideological mobilization and organizational work, so that all activities are implemented. First of all, determine the content, form, division of labor, activity arrangement and other matters. Secondly, according to the needs of the activity and each student's hobbies and specialties, assign appropriate work, some can collect materials, some can write programs, some can draw pictures, some can go out for investigation, etc., and try to mobilize most students to participate in the activity. Finally, do a good job of inspection on the eve of the event, solve the new contradictions and problems encountered in the preparation process in time, and make all activities well arranged.

fourth, activity steps. It is the main body of the theme activity plan. When designing activity steps, we should be in the right direction, pragmatic and clear-cut.

[ Example] In order to cooperate with the "creation mode" activity in our city, the students of Class 1, Grade 3 of a school are going to carry out a social investigation around the theme of "the pollution situation of Jinjiang River in Quanzhou" during the "May Day" this year. Please make an activity plan for the students in this class.

[ reference answer ]

① Activity time: a certain day of a certain year

② Activity theme: Investigating the pollution status of the Jinjiang River

③ Activity reason: We can answer from the directions of people's weak awareness of environmental protection, environmental problems and hazards of water pollution.

④ Activity purpose: Through investigation, students can personally feel the current situation of water shortage and water pollution in their hometown, enhance their awareness of saving water and protecting resources and environment, and deepen their feelings of loving their hometown.

⑤ activity mode: go to the residents along the river and the water management department in small groups for interview and investigation.

⑥ activity steps: Step 1, draw up the survey outline and make it clear; Step 2, field investigation and observation along the river, and extraction of water samples for laboratory analysis; The third step is to exchange and discuss the survey results and analyze the causes of the problems; The fourth step is to write an investigation report and offer suggestions to government departments.

⑦ activity preparation: prepare legal knowledge and publicity slogans about environmental protection.

8 precautions: pay attention to traffic safety along the way; Everyone prepares a packaging bag. Put the movable waste away. (Other words are reasonable)

(3) Thematic class meeting: Thematic class meeting is an important form of practical activities for us to analyze and explore practical problems by using textbook knowledge and improve our cognitive ability and ideological consciousness. This paper gives a detailed introduction to the steps of holding the theme class meeting and the problems that should be paid attention to in the implementation of each step.

① Activity theme —— The design of the theme should be closely related to the content of materials and textbooks, with clear central idea and to the point, which can be single sentence or couplet (even) style, but it should not be too lengthy.

② the purpose of the activity-define the purpose of the class meeting. The purpose of class meeting is determined according to the theme, and the purpose of class meeting activities should closely focus on the theme.

③ activity preparation-we should do the preparation work in detail, think about the work to be done comprehensively and implement it one by one. For example, arrange the venue in advance, determine the host, prepare the speech materials, collect materials related to the theme of the class meeting, and notify the special guests in advance.

④ Activity steps are the main body of the class meeting. When designing activity steps, we should be correct in direction, clear in purpose, pragmatic and clear in organization (1)