Exquisite knowledge and problem-solving methods for each type of Chinese language test in the high school entrance examination

In-depth knowledge and problem-solving methods for each type of Chinese language test in the high school entrance examination

The high school entrance examination is getting closer and closer. How are the students reviewing the Chinese subjects? Next I will We have searched and compiled the in-depth knowledge and problem-solving methods about various types of Chinese language questions for everyone. Welcome to refer to and study. I hope it will be helpful to everyone in preparing for the exam! If you want to know more relevant information, please continue to pay attention to our training website for fresh graduates!

1. Speech and writing.

Question-solving method

1. Reminder: The Chinese characters tested in the segment are the most commonly used basic Chinese characters, and test students’ most basic ability to write Chinese characters. Recite it silently in the examination room - no typos or typos!

2. Fill in the blanks with word selection: This is a question that tests the use of words. Students and teachers will think it is a scoring question and should be answered according to the context. The right choice. If you choose the wrong one, at least 2 points will be deducted. These words can only be used once, so be sure to read the question clearly, whether it is "fill in the word" or "fill in the sequence number"!

　3. Analyze and modify incorrect sentences

★Remember Six major types:

Improper word order (improper word order; inappropriate position of function words), mixed sentence patterns (two sentences spliced ??together, two formats applied), incomplete or redundant components (no subject, no object) , multiple components], unclear meaning [the statement object is changeable and ambiguous], improper combination, and illogical.

★When doing grammatical questions in the examination room, be sure to read the sentence silently!

★Pay attention to the question requirements. If you want to correct the original sentence, use the symbol correction method. If you write on the horizontal line, Just use language to amend the law.

★Problem-solving method:

● The error types of incorrect sentences are generally not repeated, this is where you can take advantage!

● Modifications of common incorrect sentences and Identification

First, read the sentence and see if there are any inconsistencies based on your sense of language. If it doesn't make sense but you still can't figure out where the problem is, you can first compress the additional components by extracting the main trunks, so that it will be clear at a glance whether the matching between the main trunks is inappropriate.

Secondly, pay attention to the parallel phrases as sentence components. When a sentence component is served by a conjunction phrase, improper collocation is often caused by focusing on one at the expense of the other. (For example: Internet novels have increasingly aroused the interest and excitement of the younger generation.)

Third, pay attention to the prepositional phrases. Using a preposition at the beginning of a sentence sometimes causes the sentence to lack a subject. Because of, through, through..., so that... (for example: in the current situation of "the law does not care and readers do not discern", the publishers and dealers of counterfeit books are emboldened.)

Fourth, pay attention to negative words . Using multiple negative words in a sentence often confuses the meaning of the sentence.

Fifth, be careful when encountering long sentences. Sentences that are too long often lead to incomplete elements, inappropriate collocations and other language problems due to poor care before and after.

Sixth, be more careful with words such as "can" and "is it" in sentences, as there may be two-sided problems.

Seventh, pay attention to the juxtaposition of several words. It may be due to improper classification and enumeration (large concepts and small concepts are mixed), or improper sorting and improper matching of parts! Newspapers, magazines, TV and All publications discuss, discover, and solve problems

Eighth, pay attention to "not only (not only)" and "but also" in the progressive sentence, and whether the order of the two clauses is consistent with the progressive relationship!

For example: The weather in Australia is warm in November. Not only are groups of parrots not afraid of strangers, but they also like to jump and play on the hands of tourists. They are also colorful.

Ninth, when numbers appear, there may be repetitions, contradictions and other language problems. There are about 6,000 people, the maximum speed can reach 100 kilometers per hour, and at least 50 people have doubled.

4. Recite dictation

Questions must be answered if the format requires it. Among them, there are "mechanical questions" that write sentences according to the context. It only requires memorizing the content and not making typos. Moreover, they are the most commonly used famous sentences, which are basically not difficult; there are also comprehension test questions; in addition, as for the optional questions, the difficulty Slightly older, it tests students’ ability to understand, apply and accumulate.

The content can be found in the text content of famous classic poems and "New Curriculum Standards for Junior High School Students to Memorize 50 Ancient Poems", etc.

★Suggestion: Before the exam, be sure to read the words in the test paper that you often make mistakes in such questions.

5. Language expression

★ Sentence imitation questions

Points to note when answering questions: To achieve the "four unifications": (1) The topic must be unified, (2) The sentence structure must be unified, (3) the rhetoric must be unified, and (4) the tone must be unified. It is worth explaining that this requirement has a certain degree of flexibility compared with the first three requirements. As long as the tone is unified and the content is flexible, it It can better reflect students' creativity and aesthetic taste.

★Proposed couplets

Problem-solving ideas:

1. Pay attention to the contrast (people versus people, things versus things, place names versus place names. Parts of speech should be relative), Most of them are strict pairs.

2. Generally, the upper and lower lines have the same tendency, mostly in direct pairs.

★Examination of famous works

Generally speaking, the focus of this part is to examine the content of the 10 literary classics recommended for extracurricular reading in the new curriculum standards. There are roughly two types of requirements: one is to tell the title of the book, the name of the person and the relevant plot. The second is to talk about your reading experience and reading gains. The former type of questions is about memorizing and mastering the content of famous works. The latter type of questions requires you to talk about your own experience based on the content of the classics. You can praise or criticize the characters in the classics, or you can have a personalized understanding of the phenomena reflected in the classics.

2. Training of other language expression questions

★Comprehensive learning and oral communication questions.

Strong flexibility, high ability requirements, and a wide range of question types. Topics that may be involved include: chart analysis, summary, content summary, one-sentence news, advertising slogan creation, hosting speech, and appropriate language ( dialogue), interdisciplinary synthesis, etc. Students are required to pay attention to real life; pay attention to history, culture and local characteristics; pay attention to grammar and rhetoric. Be sure to use scratch paper when doing this type of question.

Example 1 (4 points) On August 24, 2007, Tencent launched an advertisement, which caused an uproar. The discussion originated from a casual clothing advertisement of Semir Group Co., Ltd. with the slogan: "I can't control it." Global warming, but at least I look good!" Countless netizens strongly criticized the negative effects of this advertisement, but the person in charge of Semir shouted that it was wrong and believed that the advertisement had a more positive connotation.

Please stand on both sides and analyze the meaning of this slogan concisely and accurately in one sentence. (Each sentence should not exceed 30 words)

(1) Semir Group: (2) Netizens:

Tips: (1) Semir Group: highlight the personality of young people and advocate good Mentality and optimistic and positive attitude towards life. (2 points)

(2) Netizens: Mislead young people and lack public welfare, social responsibility and basic professional ethics. (2 points)

Example 2 The following is a scene that happened during the 2008 Beijing Olympics Torch Relay. As a TV host or on-site reporter, please add a descriptive text to the following paragraph. Critical commentary. Requirements: Pay attention to emotional color, the language is concise, vivid, and contagious, about 80 words. (3 points)

Jin Jing was responsible for the third leg of the Olympic flame relay in Paris on April 7. During the relay at this site, when the Chinese disabled fencer Jin Jing, who was the third torchbearer, got off the car and waited for the handover, a burly "criminal" took the opportunity to pounce on Jin Jing and try to snatch the torch from her hand. But despite the disruptor pulling on her arm, she still held the torch tightly. Completed the torch relay mission. On the wheelchair, she held the torch high in her right hand, clenched her left hand into a fist and shouted to the crowd watching on the street, "Come on, China!"

Answer: Example: On the banks of the Seine River, Jin Jing, with her weak body, did not hesitate. The scene of guarding the Olympic torch moved everyone. This beautiful and brave disabled girl has become the most beautiful girl in the hearts of countless people. She is the "Venus of the Torch" and the "Smiling Angel in a Wheelchair".

3. Poetry Appreciation

★ It is possible not to directly test terms (such as artistic techniques, expression skills), but to hide them in general questions, some involving the whole poem. Exam questions.

★When doing subjective appreciation questions, you should pay attention to the "three precautions":

First, pay attention to the question.

Some titles are suggestive in themselves: like Li Bai's "I heard that Wang Changling moved to the left and Long Biaoyuan sent this message" and so on.

Second, pay attention to the author. Generally, the poems selected for examination questions are poems that represent the author's main creative style, such as Xin Qiji's bold lyrics, Li Bai's romantic poems, etc. Noting this is helpful for overall appreciation.

Third, pay attention to comments. The annotation is the most noteworthy content in appreciation. Although it is only a few words, it is a hint given to you by the person who wrote the question. Sometimes the writing background is introduced, which hints at the ideological content of the poem; sometimes related verses are introduced, which hints at the poem's usage or artistic conception; sometimes the author is introduced, which hints at the poem's writing style. Therefore, be sure to read the notes carefully!

★Super reminder

●When doing subjective appreciation questions, you must always combine the poems and make specific analysis. For example: Comparing the two poems, what expression techniques were used? Those who simply answered "the blending of scenes" will not be scored because there is no specific analysis based on specific poems.

●Don’t simply pile up appreciation terms when expressing, and don’t simply label it. Some students have low appreciation levels and have no choice but to break away from reality and write some empty appreciation language. We can start from the examination objects, such as content, language, techniques, etc. Content question direction: What kind of artistic atmosphere is created, what thoughts and feelings are expressed (pictures, scenery, thoughts, feelings). The answering process can be: describe the picture (do not translate the original sentence) - grasp the characteristics of the scenery (quiet, bleak) , desolate, lonely, full of vitality, etc.) - identify the situation according to the scene, grasp the thoughts and feelings (pay attention to the consistency or relativeness of the scene); language aspect: if the question direction is language characteristics, language style, language art, the answer direction is: fresh and elegant , plain and natural, bright and simple, gorgeous words, euphemistic and implicit, concise and concise, melancholy, vigorous and majestic, mostly spoken, clear as words. It can also be analyzed from the perspective of rhetorical techniques; in terms of expression techniques: assuming the direction of the question is: how to express feelings and how to describe it, the answer process is: expressing one's feelings directly, using scenes to express feelings, and using things to express feelings (breaking willows, climbing high, leaning on railings, using allusions) , support things to express aspirations, symbolize, set off, set off, accentuate, contrast and echo, combine virtual (imagination) with reality (actual writing), write from the other side, compare Xing; end chapter to express ambition or exaggerate, contrast between static and dynamic, personification, exaggeration, positive and side, Virtual reality (description method).

●The test questions generally consist of two questions. The first question may be about finding keywords or describing the scene; the second question may involve expression techniques or emotional themes.

4. Reading of Classical Chinese

●How to read passages of classical Chinese?

※The format is “1 classical Chinese text + 1 extracurricular classical Chinese text” or “ Comparative reading of classical Chinese that combines in-class and extra-curricular activities. ”

※ Pay attention to the notes after the paragraphs, which often serve as reminders. Words and sentences that play a key role in understanding the passage should be deduced in conjunction with the context.

※When you can’t read anymore, take the time to read the test questions - questions about content analysis are likely to be hidden!!!

Important tips:

The word explanations and sentence translations tested in the classical Chinese essay are the most basic classical Chinese knowledge points. Sometimes, the understanding of the meaning of the text is also tested. These questions are not difficult. The key is daily accumulation. When doing these questions, be careful to make sure you score.

Extra-curricular examination of classical Chinese essays: They are generally short essays in classical Chinese, with multiple annotations to help candidates understand, which greatly reduces the difficulty of understanding classical Chinese essays. This type of classical Chinese writing involves a test on the context transfer of classical Chinese words in the class and a test on preliminary understanding of the meaning of the text. As long as you pay attention to the annotations, combine it with your accumulated knowledge of classical Chinese, and then based on the context, I believe you will be able to answer word explanations, sentence translation questions, and semantic comprehension questions.

1. Classical Chinese content words questions

★Content words: Basically, the test is based on the notes in the book, many of which are common word meanings.

★Don’t forget some of the methods mentioned by the teacher: using the classical Chinese or context you have learned in class, using parts of speech, using corresponding structures, using idioms to support etc.

★Words that cannot be explained can often be considered to make sense or be used conjugatedly.

2. Classical Chinese function word questions

★Answering skills: Use the sentences you have learned to infer the usage of function words in the sentences in the article. As long as you know the usage and meaning of a word, you can It's almost the same. If you bring another word in according to this meaning and see if it makes sense, you can judge whether the two words are the same.

3. Content induction questions

★Answering skills: Find the sentences in the passage that correspond to the explanation of the options, and correspond them one to one. Find the center and main theme of the argument and analyze the sentences. Overall grasp the meaning of the text. The errors in the narrative or analysis are only in a certain small point, mainly the reversal of the order, making something out of nothing, making things appear false, whether the time of the event is accurate, whether the likes and dislikes of the characters are appropriate, etc. Sometimes there is even a problem in the understanding of a certain content word.

5. Translation of classical Chinese

★ Literal translation is required, free translation is generally not allowed, and must be implemented word for word and be faithful to the original text.

Answering skills:

1. To have the awareness of "scoring points", some obviously important words (especially verbs) in some sentences must be accurately implemented.

2. Pay attention to some special sentence patterns:

●Attributive postposition - sentence pattern characteristics: ... person (thing) + (the) + ... such as: "horse "Thousand-mile person"

●The preposition structure is postpositioned - especially "yu". Remember, prepositional structures such as "yu + object" are generally prepositioned when translated

● Passive sentence - ① see ② see... in ③ for... ④ in ⑤ Passive sentence without marker words. For example, "The emperor feels his sincerity."

●Object preposition - such as: Why is it so bad?

●Omitted sentences - sentences are often taken from the text during exams, so The selected sentences often have no subjects and are omitted sentences, which require us to fill them in.

In addition, the pronoun "zhi" appears in the middle of the sentence and is often omitted, so it should be added during translation.

●Judgmental sentences - "...,... is also", "is", "this is", etc.

6. Key Reading

Key points for examination in novel reading: 1. Storyline 2. Characters 3. Environment 4. Theme 5. Concept, technique, and language features.

Specific answer ideas:

1. The function of a certain plot - plot (to revive the plot, lead to another plot, create suspense, make the plot more prominent, and reflect the previous plot) →Character (enriching the character image and expressing the character's personality)→Theme (deepening a certain theme and highlighting a certain theme).

2. Write about the role of a certain character - character (its own personality characteristics, setting off, setting off, and contrasting with another character) → plot (promoting the development of a certain plot) → theme (highlighting a certain theme).

3. The role of environmental description - the environment itself (accounting for time, providing a platform for character activities, creating... atmosphere, rendering... atmosphere) → plot (promotion, hint, foreshadowing) → characters (contrast, set off) → theme (sustenance, hint, revelation).

It can be seen that the three elements of the novel - plot, environment, and characters are closely interdependent. When examining one of them, we must also consider the other two. Of course, in the end, we must also consider the soul of the novel - the theme. .

4. Theme

How to grasp the theme of the novel? First, look at the ending of the protagonist. If the ending is good, it must praise the protagonist's certain spirit. If the ending is bad, it may be to criticize the protagonist's bad thoughts, or to sympathize with the protagonist's experience, or to reveal some social problems. Secondly, specifically based on the words and actions of the protagonist in the article, analyze what kind of ideological and emotional tendencies the author shows in the article.

The answer pattern is generally: through...(someone's experience, something), reveal (praise, satire)..., explain (embodied)...

5. Conception, Techniques and language features

(1) Concept and structure

Common question types: What are the conceptual (or structural) characteristics of this article?

Ideas: ① Is there a double-line structure? ② Are there clear clues? ③ Are there flashbacks or suspense? ④ Are two contrasting characters written in a contrasting way? ⑤ Is there an unexpected appearance based on sufficient foreshadowing? , a reasonable ending.

(2) Techniques

Ideas: ① Techniques for describing characters - portrait description, psychological description, action description, language description, profile description (indirect description), and detailed description.

Function - to reveal the character's personality, show the character's spiritual world, and serve the theme of the novel.

② From the overall perspective of the novel, commonly used techniques: a. Seeing the big from the small b. Contrast (contrast) c. Desire to rise first suppress (desire to suppress first to rise) d. Symbol e. Side description f . Detailed description

(3) The role of using something as the title

Ideas: First, the object can promote the development of the plot and serve as a clue throughout the text to string together the protagonist's life. ; The second is that the object symbolizes a certain philosophy and expresses a certain emotion.

　(4) Language characteristics

Ideas: ① The language is simple and refined ② The language is gorgeous, the sentences are neat and rhythmic ③ Humor, wit, irony ④ Concise and meaningful, euphemistic and implicit ⑤ The wording is accurate and vivid, and the words are rich and diverse

Key points for examination of expository reading (scientific and technological works) - A clear understanding of the mind

① Examine the understanding of a certain concept or phenomenon Explain, point out the object of explanation and the characteristics of the object of explanation.

② The analysis of explanation methods is divided into three levels: a. What explanation method is used? b. What content is explained? c. What is the function? (When answering the question, you must answer the *** You should also answer personal questions.)

③Test the mastery of the order of explanation. (Temporal order, spatial order, logical order)

　④Test of expository language. It is generally divided into four steps: explain the meaning of the word; explain its meaning and function in the text; the consequences of deleting the word; and reflect the accuracy of the expository language.

⑤Screen information, comprehensively explore, related links, and infer answers. You may also be asked for analysis or suggestions.

●Master the key points of answering questions

★1. How to achieve quick interpretation and grasp the gist of the selected text.

A. Don’t rush to do the questions. You must read the article carefully before entering the questions. Extract the main idea of ??each paragraph, establish an overall understanding of the article, and focus on solving one question - what is the selected article about? At the same time, carefully read some important sentences and paragraphs to develop a certain understanding of the main idea of ??the article.

B. Pay attention to the words, sentences, and paragraphs that play a transitional and connecting role in the structure of the article, and draw the central sentences in each paragraph. Pay special attention to the beginning and end of the paragraph. These words and sentences are often used to answer questions. When you need to focus on reading, you can further understand the ideas and structural levels of the article by looking for important words and sentences.

C. When reading, you must be good at grasping the argumentative and lyrical sentences to grasp the meaning of the text. Pay special attention to the argumentative and lyrical sentences at the end of the article, which are often the main theme of the full text.

Steps to answer the question:

A. Carefully read the question stem and make good use of the information tips contained in the question stem.

B. Check the context. Put the content involved in the proposition back into the original text → Locate the relevant information area, and then carefully search the before and after of the relevant information area to see if there are any sentences or paragraphs that are parallel to, continuous or progressive with it.

C. Look at the assignments and assign answers. Generally speaking, the points assigned to each question in modern reading are more than 4 points, which also determines that the answer key to each question cannot be just one point. Generally speaking, the answer to a 4-point question must be at least two points, and the answer to a 6-point question must be at least three points. If the questioner has marked the answers with serial numbers such as (1) and (2), then answer the key points according to the serial numbers. If the serial number is not marked, candidates should know it well and cannot just answer a few questions.

If there are hints such as "from different angles", "different aspects", "which" etc. in the question stem, you should grasp it carefully.

7. Expression and communication

1. Question review

The first step in writing a composition is to review the question. The composition of the high school entrance examination is to a large extent a competition of candidates' "ideas". If the examination of the questions goes astray, no matter how brilliant the "ideas" are, it will only become a skill to slay the dragon. Special emphasis is placed on finding the right “topic.”

(1) Don’t “scan” the test questions in a hurry, but read the test questions silently in your mind word by word. In this way, you can force yourself to calm down and read every word in the proposition clearly. For example: The title of the article is "This is also a classroom". What I wrote is not what happened in the classroom. Another example is that the title of the article "Walking with You" should write the singular number of people, things, and things, rather than the numerous "they" (them).

　(2)Super reminder:

●If the topic is just some ordinary words without temporary "metaphor" or "symbol" meaning, then there is no need to pay too much attention to the introduction material, or even It doesn’t matter if it’s not mentioned in the article.

For example: Hill Silverstein recorded such a story in "Lost Parts": A ring lost a part, and it rotated to find this part. Because it is missing parts, it rolls very slowly, which gives it the opportunity to appreciate the flowers along the way, talk to the sun, sing with butterflies, and chat with the bugs on the ground...which it cannot do when it is intact and rolling quickly. Note that I was not able to enjoy it. But when it found the part, because it rolled too fast, it lost all its friends, could not enjoy the flowers calmly, and had no chance to chat. Everything became fleeting...

Please use Write an essay on the topic "Loss". There is no restriction on the style of writing, and the title should be drafted by yourself, no less than 600 words.

You only need to grasp the "loss" to conceive, and there is no need to talk about the "circle". If the article is too attracted by the rings and forgets the more important "loss", that is a big mistake!

●If there are some words in the title or topic that are temporarily generated " To understand the meaning of "metaphor" or "symbol", you must first understand the meaning of the word with metaphorical meaning.

For example, "Close the door behind you" and "Wash your windows"

Once you understand it, you can follow the traditional way to grasp this clear topic and write .

●Correctly determine the emotional color of the proposer contained in the topic, analyze whether it has a positive or derogatory meaning, and clarify the intention of the proposer.

●If the proposition or topic is a relational topic composed of two or more words juxtaposed, clearly understand the requirements of the proposition writer, whether it is enough to write one of them, or whether several must be considered. If the proposer didn’t mention it, then we’ll mention all of them. Of course, one of them will be the focus. But don’t miss any of them.

2. How to open up your own ideas in the examination room

●For single-concept propositions or topics, you can combine words and sentences to narrow the scope. Such as "independence", "crazy", "purification", etc.

●For relational propositions or topics, pay attention to the dialectical relationship between the two, focusing on one while taking into account the other.

●Judgment-type propositions or topics, such as "Are the colors in life consistent with the colors in paintings?" This ambiguous question can be turned into one based on personal preferences or the amount of materials available. Write with a clear proposition. There is no need to be at both ends.

●Another technique is to use the list method to open up ideas. It’s about the relationship between different people, different objects and topics. For example, "gains and losses" can be listed on the draft paper: "gains and losses" of students, "gains and losses" of athletes, "gains and losses" of public servants, "gains and losses" of teachers, "super" The "gains and losses" of "Female Voice"...you can think freely, so you can always find inspiration for writing!

●Also pay attention to the question of whether the title is true or false: the title is very false, you have to write it realistically; It's very real, you have to write fictitiously.

3. Stylistic guidance:

(1) Narrative

●Standard requirements:

① There should be some storyline, at least Fragments, especially detailed descriptions. There should be a few argumentative or lyrical sentences in the article to add the finishing touch.

There should be a character, preferably a main character, either your father, your mother, or simply "me." Don't write too many characters.

②Don’t always write foreign stories like Tom and Jack, and try not to write compositions with science fiction themes.

③ Narratives must not contain sentences like this - "Recently, I read such a story in "Reader". It was very touching. The story goes like this." It is equivalent to admitting that you are referring to other people's works. Therefore, the protagonist should be "I" as much as possible.

④ You can write a new story, but don’t make it up randomly, and don’t ruin the four masters and apprentices of "Tang Monk" at every turn. Never make up new stories just for fun or to be funny. In fact, it is difficult to write a new story. First of all, you have to be familiar with the story, and secondly, you have to explore the complexity of the characters from the "heart". In short, we should not just be satisfied with the bizarre plot, but also analyze the complex inner world of the characters in the story.

(2) Argumentative essay (most teachers recommend writing less, if you want to write, please refer to this section)

●Standard requirements:

①Should Clearly state your point of view in the first two paragraphs at the beginning!

②Examples must not contain descriptive language, and an example cannot exceed 250 words.

③Don’t start giving examples one after another after the beginning of the article.

④ Mention as many topics as possible. Write two paragraphs and click on the topic and your opinions.

⑤ Try to be as close to reality as possible. If you don’t know some living examples today, you can talk in general terms, such as the living conditions of modern people, their moral status, etc.

Key points for upgrading in the argumentative essay examination room:

●(1) On the draft paper, first think of a few argumentative sentences related to the topic. The structure can be similar, and finally Well, there are some progressive relationships, and then we use them as sub-points. In this way, the structure of the article will be clear, and it can avoid that the entire article is just examples without discussion.

●(2) After giving examples, give a positive example and a counterexample or a counterexample to increase the content of the discussion.

●(3) When giving examples, try to combine both points and aspects.

4. High score skills:

(1) Be passionate from beginning to end. (2) The article is rich in content and philosophical.

(3) Pay attention to narrative skills. (4) The language is humorous and witty.

(5) Clever arrangement in structure. (6) Delicate description. (Detailed description of actions, expressions, etc.)

(7) Be a little critical. (8) A little cultural. ;