Construction improvement measures in a green environment?

"Green building" is an inevitable requirement to achieve sustainable development. Continuous improvement of construction organization and construction technology in the construction field is a necessary measure to achieve "green building". Based on the current development status of green buildings, this article focuses on construction improvement measures in a green environment, which can serve as a reference for relevant managers.

Green building refers to maximizing resource conservation (energy saving, land saving, water saving, material saving), protecting the environment and reducing pollution during the whole life cycle of the building, so as to provide people with healthy, suitable and Efficient use of space and a building that is in harmony with nature (excerpted from the "Green Building Evaluation Standard" GB 50378). Relevant data shows that the construction industry accounts for 30 to 40% of the entire society in terms of total resource consumption, total energy consumption, and total waste generation. The comprehensive implementation of green construction is a basic requirement for achieving sustainable development in the construction field. Building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society is of great significance.

1. Basic requirements for green construction

In 2007, my country promulgated the "Green Construction Guidelines", which clearly defined green construction: During the construction process, construction safety must be ensured On the premise of ensuring quality, scientific management techniques are used to minimize the impact on the environment, and achieve water saving, land saving, material saving, energy saving and environmental protection (four sections and one environmental protection).

According to the above requirements, green construction is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

First, organization and management. Including organizational design, promotion of new technologies and processes, personnel safety and health management, etc.

Second, environmental protection. Including underground facilities and cultural relics protection, soil protection, noise and dust control, water pollution control, construction waste treatment, etc.

Third, material management. Including construction material selection, material conservation measures, etc.

2. The current situation and misunderstandings of green construction

On the whole, "green construction" is still in its infancy on China's construction sites. Some model projects have begun to lead the way, but it is far from causing widespread concern. Attention, the current situation and existing misunderstandings are:

First, passive adaptation. The "Green Construction Guidelines" have been promulgated for many years, but they have not been widely used as a necessary content in construction organization documents. They lack top-level on-site design. For on-site organizers, green construction is not a planned and conscious behavior, but is a last resort. . For example, construction noise management, although most sites have regulations on night operations, they are often not implemented during peak periods. Green environmental awareness is not established from sources such as construction equipment selection, high-noise equipment is eliminated, and the living environment requirements of surrounding residents are ignored until complaints appear. However, it was a perfunctory matter. Under the strong demands of residents and the government, the construction unit only took certain improvement measures as a last resort.

Second, poor coordination. The construction of construction projects is divided into stages. The major stages are divided into foundation treatment and pile foundation, main construction, installation professional construction and decoration, etc. Usually these projects belong to different units. Due to the lack of unified green management principles across all units at the construction site, the construction organization is uncoordinated between stages. For example, temporary office facilities on site occupy the largest area, and different units enter and exit the site many times. They work independently, repeat erection and dismantling, which not only causes A lot of garbage and a lot of waste.

Third, there is insufficient research. There are a large number of comprehensive issues at the construction site. Our green construction often stays at the shallow level of meeting upper-level requirements and meeting acceptance conditions. It lacks the motivation and ability to dig deep into practical issues, let alone gain benefits from on-site synthesis. For example, there is a lot of content on the integration of temporary shelters and permanent buildings. The author personally participated in the construction of sliding formwork for a high-rise structure. The integration of the construction platform with the roof of the structure was considered in the early design stage, and the support of the design unit was obtained. In the sliding formwork After reaching the roof, it is fixed in place, and the sliding form structure is converted into a permanent structure of the roof. It achieves multiple goals with one stone, which not only saves the cost, speeds up the construction period, but also reduces waste. In fact, to achieve this, it not only requires the cooperation of all participating units, but also requires a lot of technical support.

Fourth, narrow field of vision.

Although many sites have begun to try green construction, they are basically partial measures that do not take into account the entire life cycle of the building and lack system integration; some sites symbolize green construction by putting up slogans and shouting The slogan, on-site beautification and greening, is green construction, which distorts the meaning of green construction. Various phenomena indicate that on-site green construction has a long way to go.

Fifth, insufficient investment. Green construction often requires increased local investment. Compared with traditional construction, green construction requires the maximum integration of resources and the selection of environmentally friendly construction materials and technologies. This will inevitably lead to an increase in construction costs. Sometimes this investment will also extend to the building In design, this often conflicts with the construction unit and the principle of maximizing economic interests of the construction unit. Therefore, during the actual construction process, there is a lack of motivation for implementation. After all, due to the constraints of real interests, to achieve a comprehensive balance and take into account social interests, we need the backing of strength. Without the necessary investment, it is difficult to support the upgrade of traditional construction organizations.

3. Construction improvement measures in a green environment

In a green environment, there are many things that need to be improved on site. Here are just some of the author’s experiences in on-site management:

3.1 Incorporate green construction requirements into bidding and contract management

The "Green Construction Guidelines" are non-mandatory requirements. Only when their status is clarified in the bidding process and contract formulation can they be incorporated into all aspects of the site. Party’s conscious actions. Proposing green construction requirements during the bidding stage and giving green construction a certain bid evaluation score will also help create an atmosphere and increase the initiative of construction companies to implement green construction guidelines; as a bidding factor, when the improvement of construction organization becomes the company's commitment, It can also promote the innovation enthusiasm of construction units, broaden green construction approaches, and achieve a balance between green construction and cost. If the bidding requirements for green construction are principled, then in contract negotiations, it is necessary to set specific terms based on the characteristics of the project and strive to create highlights.

3.2 Overall planning, one-time construction, and simultaneous use of large temporary facilities

Strengthen construction plane management to achieve consistency and healthy docking to meet the maximum requirements. On the basis of investigation and research, the owner unit can build temporary office buildings, staff housing and other temporary production buildings (such as steel sheds) at one time based on the characteristics of the project and site characteristics, and rent them to different construction units to reduce the number of installations and demolitions. , to achieve the purpose of overall savings. This part of the investment can be compensated in the bidding stage by reducing the cost of construction measures.

In addition, to meet the high-quality, one-time layout requirements for temporary water and electricity use, we can also try to implement market-oriented management of on-site canteens, with the owner unit or the introduction of social units to build unified canteens to change the on-site self-built canteens Situations such as small scale and large quantity, no guarantee of sanitation, sewage flowing everywhere, and random installation of pipelines

To obtain the greatest common denominator of the construction housing requirements of different units, the owner must make overall plans and take into account temporary The facility should be of general use and should not occupy a permanent building location. To this end, it is necessary to fully investigate and study, demonstrate in advance, and put forward plans for various possibilities.

3.3 Comprehensive coordination between different units

The first is the use of scaffolding. Reasonably configure the pipe racks of the scaffolding to match the length. They should be rust-proofed and painted with anti-rust paint before use. Paint, etc., these are the basic requirements. In addition to meeting its own construction requirements, the main contractor should also take into account the construction requirements of subcontractors in terms of scaffolding form and erection and dismantling time to reduce repeated erection of scaffolding. To this end, construction organization and management should be strengthened according to the actual project and subcontracting characteristics, and the versatility of the scaffolding should be improved. When necessary, the owner can appropriately invest and compensate the main contractor based on the principle of value engineering, and at the same time significantly reduce the scaffolding expenses of the subcontractors to achieve value-added purposes.

The second is reservations. Different majors often fight over reservations. A line on the map is a large area on the scene. Through sand table deduction, timely discovery of problems in pipeline arrangement and reduction of actual construction repetitions are not only the basic requirements of engineering technology, but also the in-depth management measures of green construction.

Each major also has some special requirements, which are often not considered in advance drawing design. However, completion acceptance is essential, such as remote monitoring of water tanks and automatic natural gas alarms. It is inevitable to have to deal with it over and over again. Others, such as kitchen waterproofing, drilling holes for natural gas, and some even damaging underground pipes, require early and in-depth communication with professional design units to ensure the completeness of the design and the systematicity of the construction process.

The third is the management of project joints. Handling the project joints well is an important aspect of realizing green construction. The author encountered a case in actual work. A certain window cover was part of the curtain wall. Since the curtain wall was in-depth designed by a professional design institute, the civil engineering openings were based on the structural drawings, and the window ordering was based on the architectural drawings. As a result, the window cover structure and openings were formed. The dimensions of doors and windows are not correct. Changing the structure of the curtain wall means a change in costs; openings in civil engineering, small gaps can be plugged, and large gaps need to be poured with concrete to form a structure, which is also very troublesome; changing the size of doors and windows means changing the original purchased goods. Small window covers, if not handled properly, mean big mistakes. The joint is an important part of green construction management.

3.4 Reasonably determine the delivery standards and reduce the content of demolition and construction by users.

The conflict between the construction process and the user's personalized decoration, in turn, puts forward very practical requirements for the connotation of green construction. Common ones include demolishing non-load-bearing walls, resulting in a large amount of construction waste; radiators are dismantled and reinstalled; wires and sockets are re-arranged; water pipes and pipelines are re-arranged; bay windows and balcony railings that meet the requirements for strong strips but not beautification requirements are dismantled and rebuilt, and the door leaves are replaced. , scrape off the approved walls and repaint them, etc. There is a lot of content. The construction process meets the unified requirements of the country, but cannot meet the personalized decoration requirements. Reasonable formulation of delivery standards has become an inevitable option; while reducing waste, guarantee measures must be formulated to ensure that the user's transformation results do not break through the mandatory standards for engineering construction. If this condition is met, the delivery standard items can cover the user's demolition and construction parts to the greatest extent.

It is imperative to promote green construction in my country. In addition to policy guidance, good on-site system guarantees, as well as effective organizational and technical management measures are indispensable. Under the general trend of building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society, construction activities will inevitably need to make corresponding adjustments to the traditional interest model. This will also be one of the issues that need to be considered in the construction field in the future. Only by realizing green construction can we ensure Sustainable development of construction activities.

The above is collected and compiled by Zhongda Consulting

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