Why is Liu Xiu the judo emperor?

Resilience and flexibility and overcoming rigidity are the firm beliefs of China people, while flexibility and flexibility and overcoming rigidity are the ideal realm of China people. However, in the history of China, how many people can do this? The authenticity of China people's life lies in the combination of rigidity and softness and impartiality. This idealized lifestyle is best represented by a small Taiji diagram. In a circle, there is a white male fish and a black female fish. The male fish head holds the female fish tail, and the female fish head holds the male fish tail, which are intertwined and harmonious, just forming a circle, with no beginning and no end, no head and no tail, no front and no back and no height. The best thing is that the female fish has positive eyes and the male fish has negative eyes. They are mutually inclusive, mutually inclusive, mutually inspiring, mutually transforming and promoting. We strongly criticized this way of life, but when we look at this little Taiji diagram today, we have to admit that it contains the wisdom in the universe and is also the highest criterion of our life.

It must be pointed out that both in history and in reality, there are many people who combine rigidity with softness. If we can give priority to softness and combine rigidity with softness, its manifestation is often "judo". However, although Judo is the best way to govern the country and people, people generally don't use it or do it badly because of human weaknesses such as greed, irritability, quick success and short-sightedness. In the history of China, many successful cases of dealing with the world and governing the country with judo have already proved that judo is more effective than rigid Taoism, and its characteristics of getting twice the result with half the effort and long-term benefit are far behind rigid Taoism. Liu Xiu is an emperor who founded the country with softness and ruled the country with softness. He gave priority to "softness" and showed this spirit politically and militarily. It should be said that he brought China's "Judo" to a very high level.

Liu Xiusheng was born on February 6th, 65438 BC, and is the ninth grandson of Liu Bang, the ancestor of Emperor Gaozu. His father Liu Qin is a county magistrate in Southampton. Liu Xiu died at the age of nine. Since then, Liu and his brother have been adopted by their uncle. It is said that Liu Xiu is 7 feet 3 inches long, with beautiful eyes, big mouth and long eyes, and looks like an emperor. Liu Xiu is good at farming, and his brother often laughs at him. When I visited my relatives' house, the guests were full and the distinguished guests gathered. Cai Shaogong is proficient in divination. He said, "Liu Xiu will be the son of heaven in the future." It turned out that Liu Xin, the minister of Wang Mang, was proficient in divination, so he changed his name to Liu Xiu, and everyone thought it was Liu Xiu. Who knows, the seat suddenly burst into laughter: "Why are you not a servant?" Everyone looked back and laughed at Liu's younger brother Liu Xiu.

At the age of 28, Wang Mang's "New Deal" was very unpopular. Coupled with natural and man-made disasters, farmers all over the country have revolted, especially the two insurgents, Greenwood and Chi Mei, which are powerful enough to compete with Wang Mang's army. In this turbulent situation, Liu Xiu took advantage of the poor harvest in Nanyang area to plan an uprising with his brother Liu Ji, and the number of insurgents reached seven or eight thousand.

After Liu Xiu's uprising, he gradually merged with the insurgents in other places, and once merged into the outlaw hero. In February of AD 23, the outlaw named Liu Xiu's younger brother Liu Xuan as emperor, and his influence expanded rapidly, so that Wang Mang was "surprised three times a day". Wang Mang gathered about 420,000 people as the main force of the new dynasty, claiming to be a million, and sent general Wang Yi and great Stuart Wang Xun to the outlaws.

Liu Xiu and others gave up Yangguan and led his troops to Kunyang. There are only eight or nine thousand defenders in Kunyang, and the enemy is even hundreds of miles away, so the strength difference is too great. Some people advocate decentralized withdrawal, but Liu Xiu firmly opposes it. He thinks that if we unite against the enemy, there is still hope of preservation. If we break through in a scattered way, we will be surrounded and destroyed. He personally led thirteen riders to highlight the south gate for help at night. He persuaded the rebels in Dingling and Yancheng, and personally led thousands of elite soldiers to sneak into Kunshui to attack the enemy, making the enemy hasty and unstable, and finally defeated.

The Battle of Kunyang is a glorious example in China's military history, which also laid the foundation for the rebels to overthrow the Xin Mang regime. Since the defeat of Wang Yi and Wang Xun's army, Liu Xiu's two brothers have gained increasing fame, which has aroused the jealousy of another rebel general. In addition, Liu Zeng opposed the establishment of emperor, so he just took this opportunity to say that Liu Ji would not be removed from office and would eventually become a future trouble. Liu Xuan was weak and indecisive, so he listened to people and prepared to attack. But soon there was a split within the rebel army, and his younger brother Liu was killed.

Liu Xiu was in his father's city at that time. He was very sad when he heard that his brother had been killed. He had a good cry and immediately set off for Wancheng. When he met Liu Xuan, he didn't say much, just talking about his own mistakes. When Liu Xuan asked about the guarding of Wancheng, Liu Xiu thought it was the contribution of the generals and did not brag about himself. When I got back to my apartment, I asked everyone. I never mentioned my brother's murder. Neither filial piety nor eating as usual, as usual, nothing has changed. Liu Xuan felt a little ashamed to see him like this. From then on, he trusted Liu Xiu more, worshipped him as General Lu and named him Hou Wu Xin. In fact, Liu Xiu was very sad because his brother was killed. In the following years, he often cried and sighed when thinking about it. But he knew that when fashion could not compete with the two rebel forces, Lin Ping and Xinshi, he put up with it. Liu Xiu's forbearance not only saved himself, but also won the sympathy and trust of the uprising army, creating certain conditions for him to stand on his own feet in the future.

When the rebels killed Wang Mang and welcomed Liu Xuan to Beijing, other officials in Liu Xuan wore hats made of cloth with interesting shapes. People along Luoyang laughed to themselves. Only Liu Xiu's entourage is Li Siren, dressed in the clothes of the Han Dynasty. When people saw it, they all said happily, "I don't want to see the official dignity of the Han Dynasty again today." Therefore, everyone's heart belongs to Liu Xiu.

After Liu Xuan made Luoyang its capital, he wanted to send a close and capable minister to appease Hebei. Liu Xiu saw that this was a good opportunity to develop his personal strength, so he asked someone to talk about Liu Xuan. Agreed to this request, and went to Hebei with him as a separatist fu who started a new stove, and began to expand his personal power and establish the Eastern Han regime.

At that time, there were three forces in Hebei: the biggest one was Wang Lang, who claimed to be a descendant of Liu Bang and had great appeal; Secondly, the remnants of follwed; Thirdly, peasant rebels such as Tongma and Du Qing. Wherever Liu Xiu went in Hebei, he would meet officials, rehabilitate unjust imprisonment, abolish Wang Mang's tyranny, restore the Han Dynasty system, release prisoners and sympathize with the hungry. Everything we have done is in line with people's hearts, so officials and people are very happy.

At that time, a man named Liu Ling offered him a plan: "Now the Red Eyebrow Army is east of the Yellow River. If the river is flooded with red eyebrows, millions of people will become fish and turtles. " Liu Xiu thought it was cruel and would lose people's hearts, so he didn't do it. When Liu Xiuchu first arrived in Hebei, there were very few main generals, and no one listened to his command. Although he can "recruit talents, please people's hearts and build a high-impedance business", after all, there are not many troops. He was chased by Wang Lang, and was in a dilemma for many times. Later, he recruited talents from Deng Yu, Feng Yi, Kou Xun, Yao Qi and Geng Chun. Under the cover of the local rebel army, he assembled the army, strengthened its momentum, and joined hands with the bureaucratic groups in Xindu, Shanggu and Yuyang to establish political power. Because of his "Judo" policy, serving people with virtue instead of power, once they return to their original heart, they will be more stable.

Liu Xiu believes that "softness can control rigidity and weakness can control strength". He mostly uses "moral politics" to win the morale of the army, and rarely uses punishment to kill Li Wei. This is the most prominent point when recruiting soldiers from Tongma Rebel Army. At that time, the Tongma Uprising Army surrendered to Liu Xiu and "sealed its canal as a Liehou", but some Han soldiers were very uneasy about the Uprising Army, thinking that they were locals and were attacked and killed, so it was probably not easy to return to China. The soldiers of Tongma Uprising Army are also very uneasy, and I'm afraid they won't be trusted by the Han army and will be killed. In this case, Liu ordered the Han army to return to their respective barracks and rode alone to Tongma barracks to help them practice the sergeant together. "Xiao Wang (Liu Xiu) trusts us so much, how can we not work for him?" Liu Xiu assigned the soldiers to the camp after drilling them well. Tongma Yijun was deeply trusted by Liu Xiu, and everyone affectionately called him "Tongma Emperor".

After Wang Lang was destroyed, the sergeant received a large number of letters from Wang Lang about Liu Xiu. If these letters were investigated, a large number of people would flee or rebel. Without even looking at it, Liu Xiu ordered it to be burned in public, which really played the role of "making the rebels feel safe" and made those who were nervous determined to follow Liu Xiu to the end.

In 25 ad. Liu Xiu's influence is very strong. Some students came to see him from Guanzhong with red blessings, saying that Liu Xiu's throne is "destiny's return". After Liu Xiu ascended the throne at the repeated request of the generals, he competed with the original peasant rebels for the world. At this time, he still carried out the idea of ruling the world with judo, which played a great role in his rapid victory.

Liu Xiu's Taking Luoyang Easily is a successful example of applying this idea. At that time, Luoyang City was very strong, and Li Yi and Zhu Bi supported 300,000 troops. Liu Xiuxian used a deviant tactic to get Zhu Bi to assassinate Li Yi, and then sent someone to persuade Zhu Bi to surrender. But Zhu Bi was involved in the murder of the Liu Xiu brothers. Afraid of Liu Xiu's revenge, hesitant. After Liu Xiu knew it, he immediately sent someone to tell him: "Those who raise big things should not be jealous of small grievances. If Zhu Bi can surrender, he will not only never punish him, but also protect his current title and swear to the river that he will never break his word. " After Zhu Bi surrendered, Liu Xiu really relaxed himself and treated him with courtesy.

In 27 AD, Fan Chong and Liu Pengzi of the Red Eyebrow Army surrendered, and Liu Xiu said to them, "You had no road before. Wherever you go, the old and the weak are slaughtered, the country is destroyed, and wells and stoves are filled. However, you also did three good things: you broke through the city and traveled all over the country, but you didn't abandon your wife in your hometown; The second thing is that Liu's imperial clan is a monarch; The third thing is particularly commendable. Although other thieves also established a monarch, they all surrendered at the critical moment with the monarch's head. Only you saved Liu Penzi's life and gave it to me. " So Liu Xiu ordered them to live in Luoyang with their wives and children, and gave them each a house and two hectares of land. In this way, Liu Xiu is always good at discovering the advantages of others and praising them.

Liu Xiuji is good at mediating disharmony among generals, and never lets them fight with each other, let alone take sides. Jia Fu and Kouran have been enemies, and it is a general trend not to become sworn friends. Liu Xiu called them together to mediate and persuade them to make friends. He never forgot the hero, but treated him as before. General Lu died of illness and mourned for you Qin. Even when his hearse arrived in Henan, he still "cried and mourned". The commander of the Corps was stabbed to death when he visited Sichuan. He took a white cloth by car to pay his respects. Liu Xiu's heartfelt sincerity really won the hearts of the people.

Liu Xiu was given a lighter sentence of probation and a lighter punishment to win the hearts of the people. He rebelled against the ancient system that the hero's fief did not exceed a hundred miles, and thought that "the ancient country had no way to perish, and many martyrs had never heard of heroes." At most, he divided the food cities into six counties. As for punishment, it should be punished only when it is not enough. Even if you are punished, you should be as light as possible and never kill soldiers easily. Deng Yu praised Liu Xiu's "strict military and political discipline, strict rewards and punishments", which is no exaggeration.

In the history of China, people often say that "birds are exhausted and good bows are hidden; A sly rabbit dies, and a running dog cooks; The enemy country dies, the adviser dies ",but only the founding heroes of the Eastern Han Dynasty die well. This is enough to show the desirability of Liu Xiu's "judo" in governing the country. Before Liu Xiu proclaimed himself emperor, he warned his ministers to be "neither arrogant nor impetuous", to be serious and responsible, to tread on thin ice, to be cautious every day, and so on. In the following years, Liu Xiu continued to abstain. Although this kind of well-intentioned warning can't fundamentally reverse the bad habits of feudal officialdom, it has played a certain role after all. It is a good proof that the generals at that time were so good at Confucian classics.

Liu Xiu is good at using judo. There has been a classic exposition on flexibility in Laozi for a long time, and the dialogue between Han Pingzi and Shu Xiang recorded in Shuoyuan by Liu Xiang in Han Dynasty is also very meaningful. Han asked Uncle Xiang, "Which is stronger?" Uncle Xiang replied: "I am eighty years old, my teeth have completely fallen off, and my tongue is still there." Lao Tzu once said,' The weakest person in the world can be the strongest.' He also said:' People are weak when they are alive and become hard after death. Everything is tender when it is alive, but it dries up after it is dead. "From this perspective, the weak belong to the living category, while the strong belong to the dead category. If the living are destroyed, they will be able to recover; if the dead are destroyed, they will tend to be destroyed. From this perspective, weaknesses are stronger than advantages. " Ping Zi said, "Well said! Then what do you obey? " Uncle Xiang said, "I am alive. Why must we be obedient and strong? " Ping Zi said, "Isn't weakness very fragile? "Uncle Xiang said:" Weak things can't be broken when they are tied, and they can't be touched when they have horns. How can it be considered fragile? God's will is to let the weak win. Therefore, when the two armies meet, the weak one will definitely defeat the other; Two enemies compete for profits, and the weak one can get it. The Book of Changes said: "The law of heaven is to gain humility by damaging the surplus, the law of the earth is to gain humility by changing the surplus, and the ghosts and gods bless the humility by harming the surplus. The law of the world is to hate pride and rejoice in humility." As long as you can be humble and dissatisfied. Although weak, it will also get the help of heaven and earth ghosts and gods. Where can it be unsatisfactory? "Ping Zi said," well said. "

Liu Xiu's "Judo" prospered the Han Dynasty, killing less and being more benevolent, and performed well in military, political and diplomatic aspects. Cao Cao won by treachery, and Liu Xiu won the world by judo. It seems that Confucianism and Taoism are not pedantic, but if used properly, they can be more effective than other methods. Much better. Only for thousands of years, the brilliance of Confucianism and Taoism in this respect has been concealed and usurped by cruel and cunning human nature!