An introduction to the characteristics of Bai costumes

Brief introduction of Bai costumes These Bai people, who live at the foot of Diancang Mountain and on the shore of Erhai Lake, have always maintained distinctive traditional characteristics in their living customs and costumes. Bai men and women generally advocate white, and white clothes are the most important. Bai men in Dali like to wrap their heads in white or blue, wear white double-breasted jackets, black collar jackets, wide trousers and tow straps, and some people also like to wear hanging bags embroidered with beautiful patterns. In other areas, Bai men prefer to wear a melon hat, a big-breasted coat, a sheepskin collar or several leather and silk collars, which is called "three drops of water" and looks handsome and free and easy. Bai women's clothing, which has always enjoyed the reputation of "Golden Flower", is full of color, fragrance and taste. Most women in Dali wear white coats, red vests or light blue vests with velvet black vests. The right button is hung with "three whiskers" and "five whiskers" silver ornaments, and the waist is embroidered with banners. It is embroidered with patterns of butterflies, bees, etc. with black cord, and it is wearing blue wide pants and embroidered white shoes. Most of them are wearing new silver bracelets and rings. Married women put their hair in a bun, unmarried girls hang braids or braids on the top, and some people wrap flower headscarves under braids with red ropes, revealing white tassels fluttering on the side, which dyed the unique charm of Bai girls' headdresses and hairstyles. Young women in Jianchuan also like to wear small hats or "fishtail hats". Bai women in Xishan and Baoshan areas of Eryuan often tie their hair at the top, insert silver tubes on it, then wrap their heads with black cloth, wear right lapels and round neck dresses, and wear embroidered belts. Sleeves and trouser legs like to be embroidered with lace of different colors and widths, and some even like to tie leggings, which are very symmetrical, harmonious and handsome. In a word, although there are some regional differences in the costumes of Bai people all over the country, they are characterized by bright colors, harmonious backgrounds, exquisite embroidery and simplicity and solemnity. The costumes of Bai nationality are slightly different due to different settlements, but the overall characteristics are: bold color, light color, deep color contrast, strong contrast, bright and harmonious; Exquisite embroidery, usually with tassels, is complicated but not miscellaneous. By investigating the relationship between the regional characteristics and the characteristics of Bai costumes, we can generally find such a changing trend: the more gorgeous the Bai costumes are, the more elegant the Bai costumes are; Compared with the dam area, the Bai people in the mountainous area are more brightly dressed, while the Bai people in the dam area are relatively simple.

In the long history of mankind, the Bai people have formed their own unique cultural model, and as an important part of Bai culture, Bai traditional costumes. Its clothing art culture also has a social function that can not be ignored, that is, its cohesion to the people, that is, its "national standard" function. This cohesion enables the Bai people to survive and develop. Mr. Fei Xiaotong said: "In order to strengthen national unity, a nation always tries to consolidate its empathy. It always emphasizes some customs and lifestyle characteristics different from other ethnic groups, endows it with strong feelings and sublimates it into symbols representing this nation. " It is not difficult to imagine that without this cohesion, the ancestors of the Bai nationality could not have gone through that long journey and survived tenaciously under such a powerful national condition as the forest and became a modern nation. Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture is a multi-ethnic autonomous prefecture with Bai as the main ethnic group. For a long time, the pattern of "ethnic minorities live in small communities, but brother ethnic groups live in large communities" has been formed. Their traditional costumes look similar, but they are not. No matter how similar they are, Bai people can still identify their ethnic groups from the special symbol "national symbol" on their costumes. Bai women's wear mainly uses underwear and crotch or knee buttons without small lapels or with small lapels; Young people are mostly white, light blue and yabu. With the increase of age, the color tone gradually deepens; Inclined to blue, black, etc. The outer cover is corduroy collar, which young people wear to the abdomen; Older people are a little longer. There is an embroidered belt at the waist, a streamer at the heavy hem and waist, light-colored wide-leg pants and twisted crotch, embroidered shoes with cowhide soles or embroidered cool shoes. Baotou is mostly made of patterned square towels or colored towels. Braids on it, the old man behind his head. Adults often have decorations on their ears and hands, and silver whiskers and beards are often hung on their chests. The bride's dress is quite special, wearing a hat composed of hundreds of colorful fluffy balls and clothes with red, big red and green as the main colors. I think people borrowed the meaning of Geely. Bai men's clothing: mostly white double-breasted shirts with nine to ten buttons, black collar or sheepskin collar, twisted wide trousers and oxhide shoes with scissors in the lower body; Wearing a white or light blue round head hat. What can't be ignored is the function of ethnic symbols. Not only in different traditional costumes, but also in the same Bai branch, the costumes of its branches often show strong branch characteristics. Due to the different geographical environment or social economy at that time, there were differences in the production and use of clothing, which have been passed down to this day. The same is true of the traditional costumes of the Bai nationality. The Bai costume in Heqing County of Dali Prefecture is nicknamed "Marine Corps", and women wear a generous hat, while unmarried people in Jianchuan wear a flower drum hat and a fishtail hat inlaid with silver bubble nails. Bai people on the east bank of Erhai Lake in Dali wear double-tassel fishtail caps and drum nail caps. Fishermen in Erhai Lake wear melon caps. Wear more navel-exposed shirts, the more layers, the better, also known as "thousand-layer lotus leaf"; Wearing three layers, the inside is long and the outside is short, which is called "three stacks of water" and is regarded as a symbol of beauty and wealth. The Lemo people, another branch of the Bai nationality, wear a long coat of huoxiabu, a hat made of round beads in series, and agate beads on their chests to show their dignity according to the number of beads. However, the biggest feature of Bai costumes is that no matter how they are decorated, they can't be decorated in the middle of the waist, because the middle part of the waist is covered on the stomach, and there is no embroidery on it, which means that people can't have a "flower intestines" heart. Yes, the industrious and kind Bai people, like other brothers, hope to strengthen the cohesion within the nation, make the Bai people more United and intimate, and overcome all kinds of difficulties and hardships, so that the Bai people can keep moving forward. The ancestors of the Bai nationality will use various means and opportunities to achieve this goal. Every member must insist on wearing the traditional costumes handed down by their ancestors, which is one of the effective means to strengthen this national sentiment. This traditional costume handed down is the materialization of the struggle of the Bai people for the survival and development of their own nation in the historical process of thousands of years. This is indeed a symbol of national group consciousness and a manifestation of national spirit.

What are the main fabrics of Bai costumes? General national costumes are handed down from generation to generation, and the raw materials are basically natural fibers, such as cotton and silk.

The characteristics of Bai clothes Bai people advocate white and think white clothes are the noblest. Men often wear white double-breasted jackets, short double-breasted jackets and white trousers.

Bai costumes have a long history. 1800 years ago, the Bai people wove the famous Tonghua cloth. As early as "Nanzhao" and "Dali" periods, Bai costumes had unique national characteristics.

Dali is known as "an ancient cultural city, a wonderful and fragrant Buddhist country". Bai people love life and have a tradition of loving flowers and beauty. Yunnan Camellia ranks first in the world, and Dali Camellia ranks first in Yunnan. Bai people in Dali regard camellia as a symbol of beauty. They plant camellia all over the front and back of their houses and decorate their clothes with camellia. In the choice of clothes color, they also like to wear white coats with red vests, just like camellias in full bloom in Chun Xue. Bai people's clothing is elegant, simple and strong, which fully embodies their aesthetic view and love for life.

What are the characteristics of Bai people's clothing and life? Bai costumes may be related to Bai people's worship of white. White is very popular in dam areas or mountainous areas, regardless of men's and women's clothing. They can be processed with fabrics of other colors according to different gender, age, figure and appearance to produce a beautiful and bright appearance. At first glance, it gives people a feeling of elegance, bright colors and prominent lines, which is rich in local ethnic characteristics and often gives people an unforgettable impression and aesthetic feeling.

Most Bai men in Dali wear white double-breasted shirts, black collars with lace outside, white or blue baggy trousers at the bottom, white bun on their heads and elegant and practical embroidered satchels on their shoulders. Bai men who live in mountainous areas or with other ethnic groups wear a sheepskin jacket or a blue homespun belt over their white double-breasted clothes. Men's wear has now been replaced by Hanfu, and only in national festivals such as Three Gods Festival and Torch Festival can we see some costumes with national characteristics.

The clothes of Bai women vary from place to place, but white is the most important. Therefore, Bai women, old and young, like to wear white shirts, exquisite and delicious bright red, blue or light blue collars, trousers with gray-blue and green fabrics and embroidered trousers corners, embroidered shoes on their feet, and embroidered short aprons with flowers and birds and other patterns on their upper edges. The clothes of Bai women, regardless of age, not only look harmonious, but also give people a beautiful and generous feeling.

What do Bai men's costumes have? Bai men and women all advocate white, and white is noble. Most men in Dali wear white double-breasted clothes, coats with black collars, or several leather and satin collars, commonly known as "three drops of water", a belt or embroidered Chinese-style chest covering around their waist, and blue or black trousers. In Xishan District, Eryuan County, Yunnan Province, every adult Bai man carries a small and exquisite embroidered wallet embroidered with the words "Deng Zhi the Dingque" and "Yuanyang Playing in the Water". Embroidered purse is a symbol of love and the crystallization of the wisdom of Bai girls.

Women's wear varies from place to place. In Dali, most women wear white shirts, red vests or light blue shirts, black velvet collars, embroidered short waists, blue wide pants and embroidered "knotted shoes". The unmarried woman tied a braided hair on her head and wrapped a bright red rope around the white headscarf. Red and white complement each other. The waist is embroidered with a short waist, which is more elegant. Married women change into a bun. On the east bank of Erhai Lake, women wear the hairstyle of "Phoenix nodding", covered with silk screen or hair clips, all of which are covered with embroidered towels or black cloth. Bai women have the custom of wearing earrings and bracelets. A kind of headdress that Bai women living in Eryuan County of Dali like is called "boarding the plane", which is a sign of girls' ingenuity.

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The development of Bai costumes Bai nationality is one of the ethnic minorities with a long history and splendid culture in the southwest border of China, and the costume culture shows colorful and unique charm. It is speculated that the ancestors of the Bai people lived in groups. Make a living by hunting and fishing. Use leaves to shelter from the cold and hide your shame. According to archaeological findings, the ancestors of the Bai nationality had mastered textile technology 3000 years ago. Stone spinning wheels, bones or horny needles have been unearthed from Neolithic sites such as Haimenkou in Jianchuan, Waselu Goose Mountain in Dali, Cangshan Mountain in Dali and Baiyang Village in Binchuan, which proves that textiles began to come out. Bai ancestors also began to have simple costumes. Of course, due to the limitations of social and historical conditions, the initial main function of clothing is undoubtedly to keep warm and keep out the cold. By Nanzhao period, the silk weaving industry in Dali had appeared in large numbers. "Weaving", silk products containing textured flowers have greatly increased. During the period of 1974, the relevant units of Yunnan Province and Dali Prefecture conducted an investigation in Sanying Flame Mountain Tower in Eryuan County, Dali Prefecture, and found silk products from Dali Prefecture in the tower, which were well preserved and identified as one white silk and three silk, which was indeed a rare data for studying silk weaving technology at that time. With the passage of time, historical changes and social changes, the costumes of Bai people have also changed accordingly. However, the formation of Bai costumes is always cut and arranged by specific customs, habits and ways of thinking. The famous American philosopher John? Dewey said: "The role of custom in the formation of personal behavior is more important than any influence that an individual can have on traditional customs ..." Therefore, Nanzhao Dali culture still exists in modern Bai costumes, which are self-contained and unique, and always maintain a unique tradition different from other ethnic groups.

What are the characteristics of Yunnan costumes? 1. Jewelry, robes, belts and boots are the four main parts of Mongolian costumes. Men wear robes and tunics, while women embroider lace patterns on sleeves and turtlenecks, which is still similar to Mongols. Women like to wear three different lengths of clothes. The first one is a close-fitting dress with sleeves up to the wrist, the second one is a coat with sleeves up to the elbow, and the third one is a collarless double-breasted vest with straight rows of flashing buttons, which is particularly eye-catching. The ornaments on women's heads are made of agate, pearls and gold and silver.

2. De 'ang women wear tight shorts and long skirts, the former is also blue or black, and the latter is fashionable and elegant with bright colors. Red De 'ang is red and black, while Hua De 'ang is inlaid with four white ribbons, among which a five-inch wide red cloth is inserted. The black dress worn by Hedeon is woven by several crimson ribbons, which are lined with several small white ribbons.

3. Lahu men wear light-colored right-collared robes and trousers, and like to wear sabre, belt, cloth shoes and baotou. The robes have high slits on both sides, and the neckline and skirt are inlaid with dark cloth strips. The baotou is made of white, red and black cloth strips. Lahu women's dress has the characteristics of women's dress in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. They wear long black cloth robes, knee-length, with slits at both sides and high slits. They stand on the right lapel and are decorated with silver bubbles. They like to use red or white lace to inlay cuffs and lapels, which looks bright and beautiful. Wear pants. Some women in Xishuangbanna shave their heads, wear black headscarves, big earrings and "Ba Pu" (big silver medal) on their chests.

The Bulang people wear simple clothes, and both men and women like to wear blue and black clothes. Women's dress is similar to that of the Dai people, except that they like to use white and pink clothes, tight-fitting and thin-sleeved collarless tops, cloth belts instead of buttons, long patterned dresses and long white towels around their heads. Most of them are black and like to wear big earrings, silver bracelets and other decorations. Men wear collarless jackets and wide-leg trousers, and headscarves are widely used. Brown men are proud of their beautiful tattoos.

Jingpo men like to wear white or black double-breasted round neck shirts, with lace patterns and colored beads on their headscarves, and often wear broadswords and handkerchiefs when they go out. Women wear black double-breasted, black and red woven skirts and leggings. When women dress up, there are many silver bubbles and fragments on the front and back of their coats and shoulders, seven silver collars or a string of silver chains or bells are hung around their necks, tremella tubes longer than their fingers are worn on their ears, one or two pairs of coarse carved silver bracelets are worn on their hands, and rattan rings are tied around their waists, which shows that they are the embodiment of dragon girls. The more silver ornaments women wear, the more capable and wealthy they are. Some women also like to weave rattan rings with rattan, paint them with red and black paint, and wrap them around their waists. They think that the more rattan rings, the more beautiful they are.

6. Naxi unmarried girls like to wear long braids at the back of their waists or headscarves and hats. Young women's clothing colors are often bright and colorful, while middle-aged and elderly women's clothing colors are mostly made of blue and black fabrics, which are solemn and elegant. Women also like to wear earrings, rings, silver or jade bracelets and gold and silver necklaces.

7. Bai costumes are beautiful and unique, with distinctive national characteristics. Bai people advocate white and put white clothes in the first place. Men like to wrap their hair in a white or blue bun and wear a white double-breasted coat and a black collar. Wear wide trousers, drag a beard belt, and some people also carry bags embroidered with beautiful patterns.

8. The people in the aquarium wear blue big-breasted collarless shirts and small hats with melon skins. Old people wear robes, cloth on their heads and leggings on their feet. Women wear blue, black and blue round neck, lapels, wide-sleeved tops, trousers, knotted waist and embroidered blue cloth shoes, which are usually worn by Shui women. Blue coat and trousers with a knot at the waist. Silver ornaments on the chest are only worn on holidays. A married woman carries her baby on her back with a belt. The suspenders are beautifully embroidered, which is also part of her personal decoration.

9. The clothes of Lisu women are simple and colorful. According to the color of clothing, it can be divided into three types: white, black and flower. Married women wear big copper rings on their ears, pearls, shells and corals as ornaments on their heads, and some people wear chestpieces such as agate, shells or silver coins on their chests. Gorgeous clothes are more colorful. The tops and long skirts are inlaid with lace, the heads are wrapped with floral headscarves, and the earrings are big copper rings or silver rings, which are elegant and elegant. Lisu men all over the country like to wear linen tops and wide pants, which are knee-length. Some people wear wool ribbons around their waists, trousers and leggings. All adult men like to pin a machete and an quiver on their right waist. Crossbows are personal treasures, some of which have been handed down from generation to generation.

10. Achang people like black clothes. Married women wear long-sleeved double-breasted clothes, and skirts with black or blue cloth wrapped around their legs. Unmarried women wear wide crotch pants, tie braids on their heads and wrap them in a circle with cloth. Women in Lhasa bazi like to be covered with silver ornaments, while women in Husa like to be covered with silver ornaments ... ";