Seeking new usage of punctuation marks in high school Chinese

Special guidance on the correct use of punctuation marks

Interpretation of test sites

This test site requires students to be familiar with the types of punctuation marks, master the usage, functions and writing positions of various punctuation marks, and focus on the usage of colons, semicolons, dashes, quotation marks and question marks, and the use of labels and periods; Can punctuate modern and classical Chinese; Right or wrong, missing punctuation can be corrected or supplemented, so that the writing is standardized and used correctly.

The ability to use punctuation marks is one of the basic skills in Chinese learning. Generally, the test on the use of punctuation marks in the college entrance examination has a high degree of comprehensiveness and skill, and the score is between 2 and 5. In recent years, the knowledge points with the highest examination frequency are: ① the use of question marks. ② The positional relationship between quotation marks and relevant dot numbers. ③ Use periods, colons, semicolons, commas and pause signs to show the level of the article. Since 1987, there have been two forms of proposition in this test center, one is multiple-choice questions, and the other is error-correcting questions in comprehensive pragmatic questions.

sorting out the main points of knowledge

1. types and usage of punctuation marks

there are 16 kinds of punctuation marks, which are the latest figures in the usage of punctuation marks re-promulgated by the state language Committee and the press and publication administration in 199. Including period, question mark, exclamation point, comma, pause, semicolon, stomach number, quotation mark, bracket, dash, ellipsis, bullet, hyphen, indirect number, book name and proper name.

punctuation marks are divided into two categories: dot and label. The following describes the function of

[dot ]

dot, which mainly indicates the pause of the sentence and the tone of the structural relationship. According to the different positions used, the dot can be divided into two types: the dot at the end of the sentence and the dot in the sentence.

1. The dot

at the end of a sentence includes three types: period, question mark and exclamation point, indicating a big pause after a sentence is finished.

(1) period (. )

a period is used at the end of a statement to indicate a pause after the statement is finished.

For example,

① People all over the country, especially young people, should seriously study and understand the history of the motherland, especially the history since modern times.

② Please close the door.

we must go back today.

④ class is over.

No matter how long the sentence is, as long as the structure is complete and the meaning is independent, a period should be used after the sentence. An analytical sentence with a soothing tone (for example, ②), a declarative sentence with an emphasis (for example, ③), and sometimes a period is used when the main sentence of a single sentence (for example, ④) expresses the declarative mood.

(2) question mark (? )

a question mark is used at the end of a sentence to indicate a questioning tone.

For example,

Why did you come back so late today?

who is he? Where did you come from?

When using question marks, we should pay attention to the following points:

① Both rhetorical questions and rhetorical questions are asked without doubt. The former only asks without answering, and the definite meaning to be expressed is contained in the question; The latter asks himself and answers himself in order to attract the reader's attention, but both of them are interrogative, so they all use question marks at the end of the sentence.

For example,

When the war was fierce, didn't we walk back and forth in the fields looking for weeds?

who created the human world? It is our working people

② Although the choice question contains two or more options, it is still a complete sentence, expressing complete meaning, so only a question mark is not used in the sentence, and commas are used between the items in the sentence; But sometimes in order to emphasize the independence of each option, you can also use a question mark after each item.

For example,

Did she become a beggar when she went out from her fourth uncle's house, or did she go to grandma Wei's house first and then become a beggar?

are you going to invigilate tomorrow, or should I?

standing in front of them and leading them? Or stand behind them and criticize them? Or stand on the opposite side of people and oppose them?

(3) Some analytic sentences that express euphemistic mood can also be ended with question marks.

For example,

Would you please move the stool a little?

will you come here?

④ In some questions, the subject and predicate are inverted, so we should pay attention to putting the question mark at the end of the sentence.

For example:

What's the matter with you?

⑤ Although some sentences contain interrogative words (who, what, how, etc.), they don't really ask questions, but express a declarative tone, so a period should be applied.

For example,

I don't know who he will meet at the station.

I'm fine, but I don't know what people think.

(3) exclamation point (! )

The exclamation point indicates the pause at the end of a sentence with strong feelings.

① indicates the pause at the end of the exclamatory sentence.

For example,

Once rooted, you are not afraid of being trampled and trampled, but you can get up again and again and blossom a dandelion with small flowers!

Sing for the return of Hong Kong!

② The tone is very heavy, and the strong analytical sentences also use exclamation marks.

For example:

Sister Xianglin, just leave it!

③ A rhetorical question with strong tone is followed by an exclamation point.

For example,

There is nothing in the world that does not contain contradictions!

④ Exclamation marks can be used for single sentences with strong tone, non-subject predicate sentences and exclamations with strong feelings.

for example:

long distance!

the plane!

ouch! You're going the wrong way.

⑤ After address forms, response words and onomatopoeia, and at the end of slogans, if there is strong feeling, exclamation marks are also used.

2. The dot

in a sentence includes four kinds: comma, semicolon, pause and colon, indicating the pause and structural relationship in the sentence.

(1) A comma (,)

indicates a pause in the middle of a sentence.

① In complex sentences, commas are often used inside clauses or between clauses.

For example,

Although the so-called reminiscers can make people happy, sometimes they can't help but make people lonely. What's the point of making the spiritual thread still hold on to the lonely time that has passed? But I can't forget it all. This part that I can't forget completely has become the source of Scream.

② When the subject of the sentence (complex phrase as the subject) is long, or the subject is short but needs to be emphasized, or there are modal particles after the subject, a comma should be used after the subject.

For example,

This great blow and unspeakable grief almost knocked Wu Jichang down.

He is our head teacher, Miss Liu.

you are really disappointing.

③ The sentence predicate is a subject-predicate phrase, and the subject sometimes pauses, so use commas.

For example,

This stereotyped foreign writing has long been opposed by Lu Xun.

④ When the sentence object is long, use a comma before it.

For example,

I remember that she was a little girl who was not sensible at that time.

⑤ The adverbial is at the beginning of the sentence, and a comma is used after the adverbial.

For example,

In the blink of an eye, four piles of firewood are ready on the hilltop!

⑥ used between inversion sentence elements.

For example:

Come out, you!

around the lotus pond, there are many trees, and the mushrooms are full of vigor and gloom.

Our motherland is leaping forward at a high speed, along the road of victory. (adverbial postposition)

⑦ used between coordinate phrases.

For example,

Tongmuling, Huang Yangjie, Zhushachong, Bamian Mountain and Shuangmashi are the five outposts of Jinggangshan.

Pencils, erasers, electronic calculators, compasses, and plastic triangular rulers of all sizes occupy half a desk. (Because some of the juxtaposed components are long, there is a big pause)

Rice, wheat, cotton, chemical fertilizer, oil and coal are all materials that are purchased and sold by the state. (Because there are different levels among the items, commas are used to distinguish different parallel levels, and pause marks are used to indicate the juxtaposition of various components in the same level)

Correct use of punctuation marks

The correct use of punctuation marks in the following sentences is:

A. This economic cooperation zone has a large amount of scientific and technological information, a strong industrial base and a huge market for means of subsistence and production.

B. When the sun is completely hidden by the moon, compared with the looming "Haier-Popper" comet like a goddess, the clear mercury is shining next to the dark sun, and Venus and Jupiter are also in the sky.

C. In the first quarter of 1997, the publishing house reminded mail-order recipients that their names and detailed addresses must be clearly written on the money order (the title and number of books purchased are indicated in the postscript column of the money order).

D. This spring, the coastal areas of this province will complete 37 million cubic meters of river embankment heightening and river mouth closure and diversion projects, which are heavy, difficult and large-scale.

(College Entrance Examination in 1997)

[Test Site Analysis]

The use of punctuation requires familiarity with the standard usage and standard writing of various labels and dots, and correct use of punctuation according to semantics. Although punctuation is not a compulsory test point in the college entrance examination, it can be reflected in writing questions and is the basic ability of writing, and we should not underestimate it.

[topic type]

First, judge whether punctuation marks are used correctly in sentences

Example ① The correct one is the use of punctuation marks in the following sentences

A. After reading Byron's poems, I want to go to Spain to see if Spanish girls have black hair or blond hair.

B. In China, I will go to more places, because I think the mountains, rivers, pavilions, flowers and trees in China are all the most beautiful in the world.

C. In order to regulate the performance market and actors, the Ministry of Culture recently issued the Interim Measures for the Administration of Individual Performances of Actors.

D. She said, "There are so many enthusiastic policemen and so many good neighborhoods, me! I have to live for a lifetime! "

Second, add punctuation marks to the sentence

Example ② Fill in the horizontal lines in the following paragraph in turn. The appropriate set of punctuation marks is

About the shape of the fortress, the author only uses three sets of overlapping words to describe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

A.， 、 、 。 、 。

B.： 、 、 。 （ ， 。 ）

C.， ， ， 。 （ ， 。 ）

D.： ， ， 。 、 。

[college entrance examination forecast]

The use of punctuation marks focuses on distinguishing the right and wrong use of punctuation marks in sentences and adding punctuation marks to paragraphs. For example, in the analysis of college entrance examination model questions, we tested the use of quotation marks ("comet hale-bopp" is a proper name), the use of a period with brackets, the position of a period (brackets in a sentence are off-sentence comments, and a period should be at the end of the previous sentence), and the difference between commas and pause ("heavy task, difficult project and large scale" is an independent clause, and commas should be used in the middle. ) Example 1 is also a test of discrimination, including the misuse of question marks (item A is a declarative sentence, and question marks cannot be used), the misuse of quotation marks (item C "Interim Measures for the Management of Actors' Personal Business Performance Activities" is a document, and the application of book titles), and the misuse of exclamation marks (item D "Me! I have to live for a lifetime! " It's a sentence, and you can't use an exclamation point in the middle. Example 2 requires punctuation in the statement, and item D is correct.

Example ③ The correct sentence for the use of punctuation marks in the following sentences is

A. Four famous universities in Shanghai have studied abroad for more than 5 people in the past 1 years, and only 29% of them have returned to China after completing their studies; Among them, 36 self-funded overseas students, only 1 returned to China after their studies.

B. Excellent films attending the National Day gifts, such as The Storm, Song of Youth and Lin Zexu, will also be shown in major cities.

C. People also remember that michurin was attacked by the priest for "dare to turn God's orchard into a brothel."

D. This is the most proud work of the old man, and it is the sweat of the old man for more than ten years-no, it is his specific effort!

[Review Suggestions]

The use of punctuation plays an important role in the expression of the meaning of the text. For example, item 3A of the example, the words after the semicolon are the concretization of the content before the semicolon, which belongs to the same level. Use the semicolon to change the idea of the sentence, and use commas. The colon in item B can only control the movies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and the words "etc." and "will also be shown in major cities" do not belong to the previous level, but belong to another level, so the colon should be removed. If the quotation in item C is not complete, the period should be put outside quotation marks. The punctuation marks in the college entrance examination cover a wide range, focusing on punctuation marks that are easy to use wrongly, and are often combined with the ideological level of sentences to conduct a comprehensive examination.

In order to use punctuation correctly, we must master the basic usage of various punctuation marks, which can be obtained by studying the national standard of Usage of Punctuation Marks (the appendix of the third volume of the new textbook). Some punctuation marks are easy to make mistakes, for example, you can't use question marks between clauses in complex sentences, but only at the end of sentences. Sometimes it is easy to make mistakes when two punctuation marks are used at the same time. These common situations should be summarized and compared to get a clear understanding. Punctuation marks have great flexibility in use, and must be considered in combination with the ideological level of paragraphs in order to be used accurately.

[Compilation of College Entrance Examination Questions]

1. Fill in the following paragraph in turn. The correct punctuation marks at the five labels are (College Entrance Examination Questions in 1991)

Engels said: "A concise sentence, once understood, can be firmly remembered and become a slogan; This is absolutely impossible for a lengthy discussion. Comrade Mao Zedong also emphasized that speeches and articles should be concise. Chinese writers of past dynasties often take "meaning is more than time, words are less than words" as the criterion for writing articles, and strive to "have no words in each sentence, and there is no long language in the article." (Jiang Kui's Poems on Baishi)

a ". 。” ”，”。

B。 ” ”。 ”” 。

C ”。 . ””，”。

D。 ” ”。 ”。

the correct answer is B .. This question examines the application of quotation marks and brackets. When using a quotation, the punctuation at the end of the quotation