Are there many versions of the US dollar like RMB?

The dollar, commonly known as the dollar, is the currency of the United States, and the currency symbol is USD. At present, the US dollar bills in circulation are various versions of bills issued since 1929, mainly Federal Reserve bonds. Its paper currency denomination is 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 yuan, and its coinage denomination is 1, 5, 10, 25, 50 cents, 1.

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The dollar, also known as the dollar, is the official currency of the United States. Its appearance is due to the passage of 1792 American Coin Act. It is also widely used as a reserve currency outside the United States. At present, the issuance of US dollars is controlled by the Federal Reserve system. The most commonly used symbol for the dollar is "$", while the symbol for the cent is ";" . The ISO 42 17 standard adopted by the International Organization for Standardization is USD.

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summary

One dollar 100. At the beginning, the finer division was mill, and the unitary division was 1000 Mill. This device is no longer used. The right to issue US dollars belongs to the US Treasury Department, the competent department is the US Treasury Department, and the specific issuance business is the US Federal Reserve Bank. Since 1929, the printing of US dollar bills has been carried out by the Federal Reserve system. At present, there are seven kinds of banknotes in circulation, namely 100, 50, 20, 10, 5, 2, 1 yuan, and also 1 yuan and 50, 25, 10, 5,/kloc. In history, 500, 1000 or even 10000 US dollar bills have been issued. Among them, 10000 USD is not circulated among the public, but used for financial transactions between the Federal Reserve Bank and the US Treasury.

banknote

Dollar notes are made of cotton fibers and hemp. Long cotton fiber makes paper not easy to break, good ink absorption and not easy to fade. Hemp fiber is tough, which makes the paper stiff for a long time and has certain resistance to water, oil and some chemicals. One-dollar paper is white without whitening agent and does not reflect light under purple light. Since 1880, there have been red and blue fibers in the paper of dollar bills, which are mixed with pulp when making paper. So some fibers are sandwiched in the paper and some float on the surface, and the fibers can be picked out with the needle tip. Before 1928, red and blue fibers were distributed in the middle of banknotes, and they were long and narrow up and down. 1928 and later versions, full-page transmission of fiber silk. Starting from 1990, a safety thread made of polyester polymer called Myra was added to the dollar paper (as shown in the left). The security line has dollar symbols and denomination figures, which can be seen clearly through perspective. The ink on the front of the dollar is black, slightly dark and slightly gray, and the back is green. In the version after 1934, magnetic substances were added to the ink, and the magnetic real US dollar bills were specially made with special inks such as fluorescent ink and magnetic ink. Therefore, the green emblem and green numbers on the right side of the front of the US dollar bill can leave "green marks" on the paper after hard wiping. Some US dollars issued after 1996 will show black and green at different light angles. The main pattern of the dollar is engraved intaglio printing, and the library printing and serial number are embossed printing. After version 1990, there are micro characters around the portrait window below.

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Layout mark

On the US dollar bills, we can often see various marks composed of letters, numbers or patterns, some of which are used to identify the authenticity of the US dollar bills, and some are even used to publicize religious beliefs.

Generally, there will be a slogan "In God We Trust" in a prominent position of the US dollar (coins are just below the heads of characters, and those on paper money are usually above the negative center line). This inscription first appeared on the two-cent coin of 1864. Since 1955, Congress has adopted it as a statutory national slogan. Today's law stipulates that this slogan must be used on all American coins and banknotes. Paper money first appeared in the 1 957 series of1yuan "silver notes" and began to appear in the 1963 series of "Federal Reserve notes".

Navy SEALs, Treasury. The US Treasury seal is printed on the bottom of the bill, and the Treasury seal with the Federal Reserve certificate is printed on the right. Other coupons will be printed in the library, with 1928 on the left and 1934 on the right.

The early library seal was round, with 40 teeth on the periphery, and the thickness and size of each tooth were uniform. There is a Latin word "THESAUR AMER SEPTENT SIGIL" in a circle, and the center of the circle is a shield. The shield is divided into upper and lower parts by an inverted V. The upper part is a balance with 32 dots around it. There are 13 five-pointed stars in the inverted V, and the lower part is a key. Since the 1969 edition, the library seal has been further simplified, and the text has been changed to English "The Department of the Treasury, 1789" (Ministry of Finance, 1789), and the outer pattern of the shield has been cancelled, with 22 points in the upper part and 17 points in the lower part, * * 39. 1928 and 1934 are large library prints with a diameter of 20mm, and 1935 and later versions are changed to small library prints with a diameter of 16mm, and the patterns and characters remain unchanged. The library is printed with five colors: green, blue, yellow, red and brown, which vary according to the types of coupons. Above Kuyin is the place name of the capital "Washington, D.C."

Please refer to the Federal Bank and its corresponding cities, codes and letters:

Boston a1; New york B2; ; Philadelphia C3; ; Cleveland D4; ; Richmond E 5；; ; Atlanta F6; ; Chicago G7; St Louis H8; Minneapolis I 9；; ; Kansas j10; Dallas k11; San Francisco L 12

Navy seal bank. In addition to library printing, the US dollar printed by the Federal Reserve Bank also bears the bank seals of different federal banks, but there are no other types of bonds. The bank seal indicates the bank that issued the coupon. The bank seal is a black circle with a diameter of 16 mm and 30 teeth on the circumference. There are two circles in the circle. The outer circle is the name of the Federal Reserve Bank and the inner circle is the name of the city. The center of the line printing is the code letter of the bank (the same as the letter at the beginning of the serial number). Version 1934 and previous versions are printed with toothless lines on the periphery, with a diameter of 19mm. 1950 and later versions are small line prints with a diameter of16 mm.

Quadrant number. 1963 and later versions, 32 banknotes were printed on a large piece of paper, but only 26 letters were enough. Therefore, a large piece of paper is divided into four quartiles, and eight check letters (A-H) are used to indicate that each banknote is in an open position. The quarto number is 1-4, which is called quarto number. It is printed in small print in the upper left corner and lower right corner of the check letter. For example, C2 indicates that the bill is in the second and third position when printing.

License plate number. A small number is printed on the right side of the check letter in the lower right corner of the front of the US dollar bill, or under the check letter. This is the previous version number. The number in the lower right corner of the back, or the number in the middle right, is the post version number.

Consists of one or two initials plus eight numbers and a tail letter. According to the law, each number can only appear once, so the Federal Reserve Bank of the United States sometimes prints dollars with the ending of the serial number changed to an asterisk (called Start Nots) to make up for the temporary shortage of money. There is no difference between dollar bills marked with stars and other similar dollar bills.

The banknote type is printed on the top of the front of the banknote. Please look at the following different versions of US dollar bills in history.

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Different versions of US dollar bills in history

Paper money was used in the United States before the Declaration of Independence was published. The history of American currency can be traced back to 1690. The Massachusetts colony issued the first currency to cover the cost of military expeditions. This practice quickly spread to other colonies. However, because the hand-carved copper plate is easy to wear, it is impossible to maintain the consistency of the finished product. In this way, criminals have an opportunity, and eventually counterfeit banknotes are everywhere, so these tickets are quickly abandoned.

1764, after years of restrictions on North American colonial currency, the British authorities finally issued a ban on the issuance of colonial currency. Later, due to the war of independence against Britain, North American colonies consumed a lot of money, and a large amount of gold and silver were collected by Britain as taxes, which led to the lack of domestic funds in the United States. In order to raise funds, the Continental Congress of 13 Colonial Allied Forces held talks in Massachusetts on May 1775, and on June 22nd, it approved the issuance of a banknote with a total value of US$ 2 million, which was called Continental Congress. However, due to the short appearance of counterfeit money, its value is very small, and it is called "not as good as a mainland coin" in the saying. 178 1 year, which was replaced by bank notes (that is, banknotes issued by banks and freely convertible into metal currency within banks).

178 1 year1February 3 1 day, the Bank of North America in Philadelphia became the first national bank, and obtained the concession to issue banknotes. 1789 After the publication of the US Constitution, the Bank of new york and the Bank of Providence were also allowed to issue currency (until 1836). 1July 6, 785, the National Assembly officially adopted the US dollar as the legal tender unit. 179 1 year, Congress chartered "Bank of America" as the Acting Treasury Secretary of the US Treasury for 20 years. This is the first bank to perform the function of central bank for the government, and it has been in operation until 18 1 1 year, and Congress refused to renew its articles of association. Congress knew that the central banking system must meet the needs of national finance, so in 18 16, it chartered the second "Bank of America" to have another agent for 20 years. 1877, the Bureau of Plate Making and Printing of the Ministry of Finance began to print all American currencies.

186 1 year, in order to raise the cost of the civil war, Congress legislated to authorize the Ministry of Finance to directly issue 450 million yuan of "spot bills" without coins and gold guarantees. For the purpose of preventing forgery, it uses green ink that is difficult to copy in photography (silver halide sensitizer is the least sensitive to green light). For technical reasons, the back of the paper money is darker than the front, so it is called "greenback" (today, we still call the dollar by this name). Strictly speaking, this is the first popular American currency. It is called federal bonds, also known as American paper money. Its library number and serial number are all red. Each "sight draft" is signed by the agent of the registrar of the Ministry of Finance and the federal treasurer. This unrealistic measure has spawned new laws and regulations, allowing registration agencies and finance ministers to print their signatures on currency. This measure was implemented in the first batch of government bonds issued in 1862.

According to American legislation 186 1, treasury bills are issued by the Ministry of Finance. At that time, only 1890 and 189 1 were available to buy silver and gold.

During the period from 1862 to 1864, the national banking law allows banks designated by each state to issue paper money with US Treasury bonds as reserves, which is called national currency, and the serial number is brown, which is also called national currency or national currency. There are many kinds of these banknotes, about 1600 state-owned and private banks issue currency, and there are more than 7,000 legal tender with different faces. All private banks and national banks licensed to issue paper money are required to join the national banking system or pay the paper money issuance tax of 10% in 1863. 1908 added a supplementary bill to allow the national bank to issue paper money with bonds other than US Treasury bonds as reserves. Later, the Federal Reserve Bank and the National Bank formed two major versions of national bonds: the serial number of the version issued by the National Bank is 6 digits, with two to four large black numbers printed on the front, left and right, and the other serial number is 8 digits; The name of the Federal Reserve Bank is printed on the left side of the front of the banknote, and four letters representing black areas are printed on the left and right sides, which are issued by the Federal Reserve Bank. The treasury bonds issued earlier were signed by four responsible persons, the two upper corners were signed by the Minister of Finance and the Director of the Treasury, and the two lower corners were signed by the cashier and the president. The coupon will be withdrawn and will not be issued in July 1935. After 1928, another version of 1929 was issued, which was a $660 million banknote issued by the U.S. Treasury in the form of national vouchers to raise military expenses during World War II.

In order to redeem gold, the US government began to issue gold coupons in 1870. The number of the golden coupon is yellow, also known as the golden coupon. The face of the coupon is printed with the words "the holder can exchange it for gold coins". It is a currency prepared by 100% gold issued by the US Treasury. From the end of the civil war to 1933, gold coin coupons can be freely converted into gold coins and circulated in the market as part of the US money supply. 193 1 year, with the collapse of the gold standard, 1933 gold coin coupons stopped being exchanged for gold.

In order to prevent silver from being smuggled abroad, the United States began to issue silver certificates in 1878. The seal and serial number of the library are blue, also known as silver dollar coupons. It is issued in accordance with the laws passed in 1878 and 1886, and can be converted into equivalent silver coins. Later, due to the increase in the price of silver, from June 24th, 1968, silver dollar coupons could not be exchanged for silver. In addition, there is a silver coin coupon with a blue serial number in the yellow library, which is a military ticket used by the US military in North Africa during World War II. The yellow seal is different from the blue seal in case it falls into the enemy's hands. After the war, many yellow printed tickets were widely circulated and used as other types of tickets.

During the Korean War, the United States issued military tickets in South Korea with the words "Military Theater Reimbursement Certificate" printed on the ticket face, which was only used in the theater and was not used for general currency circulation. This ticket was declared invalid on May 25th 1954. There are also Hawaiian vouchers, not independent vouchers. Instead, the words "HAWAll" are printed in black on the existing coupons (Federal Reserve coupons and silver coin coupons), and the hollow "HAWAll" in large font is horizontally printed in the middle of the banknotes on the back. The seal and serial number of the library are brown. Originally used in the Hawaiian islands, it was later spread everywhere.

All kinds of banknotes issued by 186 1 to 1928 mentioned above have a large amount of 178mmx73mm regardless of the type and denomination of banknotes. The U.S. Treasury Department has ordered withdrawals from 1922, but they are still legal tender in the United States and can be exchanged with American banks. 19 13 12.23 The US Congress passed the Federal Reserve Act and established the Federal Reserve System. According to the provisions of the Act, the whole country has divided 12 federal reserve zones, and each zone has a federal reserve bank in a designated central city (federal reserve city). There are 12 federal reserve banks in China that exercise the functions of central banks, so there are 12 federal reserve banks in the United States. In Washington, D.C., the Federal Reserve Board was established as the highest leading body. On June19 165438+1016, 2006, the Federal Reserve Bank began to issue federal reserve bank notes as legal tender in exchange for national bank notes. From June 1945, such bills will no longer be issued. At the same time, a federal reserve note is issued as a large number of common currency in daily life. According to the regulations, the Federal Reserve bonds should have sufficient guarantees, and the collateral is gold or government bonds, senior or short-term commercial securities. Its serial number and library seal are green. At present, 99% of the bonds we have access to are Federal Reserve bonds, and the rest are a small amount of national debt and silver coins.

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coin

There are six denominations of coins in circulation in the United States: 1, 5, 10, 25, half a dollar, 1 yuan. In American history, the heads of six famous presidents appeared on these six denominations respectively. The design of 1 cent is a profile portrait of the famous President Lincoln in American history, which was released on the occasion of Lincoln's birthday100th anniversary (1909). The design of 5 cents is to commemorate the 30th anniversary of Jefferson 1938, the drafter of the American Declaration of Independence. 10 cent was released on the first anniversary of the death of President Roosevelt, who implemented the "Roosevelt New Deal" (1946); Twenty-five cents is the most common token in the United States, which was issued on the bicentennial of the birth of the founding president of the United States (1932). Half-dollar coins were originally the Statue of Liberty in America. At present, the head of Kennedy, the youngest president in American history, is very common. 1963 Kennedy was unfortunately assassinated. In order to commemorate him, the United States changed Kennedy's head from 1964 to a half-dollar pattern. 1 dollar coin has two patterns. One is the portrait of President Eisenhower released by 196 1. Because the external diameter of this coin is too large (the diameter is 38. 1mm, commonly known as "big dollar 1 yuan"), it is very inconvenient to circulate and use, so 19865438+ is adopted. 1 999165438+1October 18 and gold dollar1yuan coin (nicknamed Jinyuan) were first issued in Philadelphia Mint. The picture shows an Indian woman "sacagawea" holding her youngest son "batiste" {Jean

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Secret mark

In a less conspicuous place on the one-dollar coin, there are some secret notes indicating identity. At the bottom of the cover, there will be a capital letter indicating which mint it was made by. Its meaning is as follows:

Philadelphia mint.

Denver Foundry (Denver Mint)

San Francisco mint

West Point Foundry (West Point Mint)

The so-called P version and D version of the US dollar are versions of different mints, and there may be slight differences in details.

Chinese full name: USD

currency conversion

1 USD = 100 point

Currency: 1, 5, 10, 25,50 cents, 1 yuan.

Text introduction

National flag:

For the stars and stripes. It consists of 7 red and 6 white *** 13 wide stripes, and 50 white five-pointed stars in the blue rectangle near the flagpole are arranged in 9 rows. The 13 wide stripe symbolizes the first 13 states in the United States. The number of five-pointed stars is consistent with the number of States in the United States. Red symbolizes strength and courage, white symbolizes purity and innocence, and blue symbolizes vigilance, perseverance and justice. June 14 is "American flag day" every year.

National character:

The colors and stripes on the shield have the same meaning as the national flag. Vultures are symbols of strength, courage, freedom and immortality. The crown is inlaid with 13 five-pointed stars, which symbolizes the first 13 states in the United States. Eagle claws hold olive branches and arrows, symbolizing peace and strength. E pluribus unum is written in Latin on the ribbon of a bird's beak.

Sub-currency name: Sub-country name

Country name: United States of America

Country Chinese abbreviation: United States

English name of the country: United States of America.

Mainland: America

Area: 93726 14 km2.

capital

Capital: Washington D.C.

English name of the capital: Washington, D.C.

Introduction and history

Located in the middle of North America, the territory also includes Alaska in the northwest of North America and Hawaii in the central Pacific Ocean.

It was originally a settlement of Indians. /kloc-At the end of 0/5, Spain, the Netherlands, France, Britain and other countries began to immigrate to North America. By 1773, Britain had established 13 colonies. 1775 The War of Independence broke out. 1776 On July 4th, the Declaration of Independence was adopted and the United States of America was formally proclaimed.

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model

1 USD bears George Washington, the father of the United States, 1 and the second president of the United States;

2 dollars is the third American president Jefferson;

$5 is the16th president of abraham lincoln who abolished American slavery;

10 dollars, Hamilton was the first US Treasury Secretary.

On $20, it is the seventh American President andrew jackson.

On the $50 is 18 President hiram grant Glenn.

The head on the hundred-dollar bill is not the president, but the famous scientist, financier and politician Franklin, because he drafted the famous Declaration of Independence during the American Revolutionary War.

Words. "