History of Baoding Red Second Division

Hebei Provincial Second Normal School (hereinafter referred to as Baoding Second Normal School) is located in Xixiaguan Street, Baoding City, Hebei Province. Founded in September of the 30th year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1904), it was originally named Baoding Junior Normal School. 1909 was renamed Zhili No.2 Junior Normal School, 1928 was renamed with the province. After the founding of New China, it was named Baoding Normal School of Hebei Province, 1977, and renamed Baoding Normal School of Hebei Province. 1999, merged into the new Baoding Teachers College. In 2007, it was upgraded to an undergraduate college and renamed Baoding College. But in the local area, people still like to use the title of "Baoding Second Division" and "Red Second Division".

After the May 4th Movement, the New Culture Movement flourished in Baoding. At that time, the young students of Baoding school asked the school to add new courses and hire new culture teachers. Due to the pressure of public opinion and students' demands, the school added vernacular literature courses. 1921March, Deng Zhongxia, a Marxist-Leninist communicator, came to Baoding Normal University to teach. He Mengxiong, a professor from Peking University, and Shi Tianwei, a young progressive teacher, have successively served as Chinese teachers in the Second Division and Yude Middle School. Under the cordial care of Deng Zhongxia, Baoding established the Socialist Youth League. With the help of progressive teachers Cheng Zhensi and Wang Senran, the students of the Second Division organized a "reading club" to learn Marxism-Leninism and comment on the socialist revolution. 1923, the second division established the central party organization, and 1924 established the party branch. Later, China Special Committee and Baoding Municipal Committee were established in the school to lead the people in Baoding and surrounding counties to carry out revolutionary struggles. As a result, Baoding No.2 Division is known as "Small Soviet Area in the North". From 1923 to 1932, party member and members of the Second Division of Baoding went deep into 53 counties in Hebei Province to establish grass-roots party organizations, of which 29 counties established the first party branch.

1923165438+10, a "hair-cutting struggle" broke out in the second division. Female students rebelled against feudal ethics by cutting "bun", keeping short hair, taking off robes and wearing short skirts. Although it was banned by the school, it finally won. Later, under the leadership of the party organization, a wave of students from the Second Division broke out. The struggle of students to make trouble lasted for more than a month, which attracted great attention from all walks of life in Baoding, Beijing and Tianjin. Under the strong pressure of public opinion, in order to quell the student unrest in the Second Division as soon as possible, the government authorities of Zhili Province dismissed Yan from the post of principal and were forced to agree to all the conditions of the students. The 40-day student movement ended successfully.

193 1 year, the September 18th Incident broke out. The Kuomintang government carried out the policy of non-resistance, and Japanese imperialism invaded the three northeastern provinces of China, which aroused the anger of the people all over the country against Japan and Chiang Kai-shek. Students from Baoding No.2 Division took to the streets, denounced the Japanese imperialist aggression and the Kuomintang government's non-resistance policy in various forms, and extensively carried out anti-Japanese and national salvation activities. The Kuomintang took various measures to suppress patriotic students, such as taking early holidays, expelling progressive students and replacing principals. In view of this situation, the Special Committee of China decided to carry out the struggle to protect the school. The party organization decided to temporarily accept the order of early vacation, and at the same time left six backbones to form a delegation of students staying in school. In mid-June, more than 50 students returned to school voluntarily. According to the instructions of the party organization, the "School Security Committee" was established, and it was put forward: "Oppose the expulsion of students in large numbers! Oppose the recall of President Zhang Tengxiao! Oppose the reorganization of the second division school! " "Defend the Second Division to the death!"

On June 20, the Kuomintang military police and the Northeast Army 14 Brigade surrounded the Second Division. The nursing students of the second division did not flinch. They organized their own armed forces and sought foreign aid. In order to expose the truth and expand the influence, nursing students shouted at people passing by outside the wall with loudspeakers; All kinds of leaflets have been compiled, wrapped in small tiles or tied to small sticks, and thrown into the playground outside the school and opposite Yude Middle School. They also smashed chalk into paste and jumped out of the fence at night to write slogans. Later, the Kuomintang tightly blocked the school and cut off the food source. The school nursing Committee organized students to rush out of school twice to buy flour. When food was extremely difficult, nursing students used leaves to satisfy their hunger.

At 3 o'clock in the morning of July 6, the military and police launched armed forces to enter the second division. Jia Liangtu, Cao, Liu Guangzong, Liu Yulin, Bian Longji, Ma Shanxiu, Lu Qingxin and other patriotic students were killed 13, and 38 others were arrested. The occurrence of the "July 6" tragedy has aroused strong repercussions in the north and the whole country. On July 8, the Hebei Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China issued a Letter to the People of Baoding Massacre, strongly condemning the crime of brutal slaughter of patriotic students by the reactionary Kuomintang authorities and calling on the people of the whole country to further organize and set off a greater climax of the anti-Japanese and anti-Chiang struggle.