Tell us about the history of the Sino-British war in Hong Kong during World War II.

194 1 After the Pacific War broke out, the British government had to ask China to send troops to support the British army under the fierce attack of the Japanese army. Chiang Kai-shek then planned to take this opportunity to recover Hong Kong. During the period of 1942, Chiang Kai-shek asked Britain to recover Hong Kong. In order to realize this wish, during his visit to India, he met with Gandhi and Nehru, leaders of Indian independence movement, and expressed his support for India's demand for independence, so as to promote the disintegration of British colonial system in the Far East. This gesture of Chiang Kai-shek set off a wave of opposing imperialism and demanding the abolition of unequal treaties at home, and gained wide sympathy internationally.

For the purpose of needing China to send troops to defend its colonies of Burma and India, Britain proposed to negotiate with China to abolish the unequal treaties and sign the New Testament. At the beginning of the negotiations, Chiang Kai-shek insisted on taking back Hong Kong. However, the British do not want to return Hong Kong from the bottom of their hearts. Negotiations are only a stopgap measure, so that Chiang Kai-shek can persist in resisting Japan and reduce the pressure on the British army in the Pacific battlefield. With the development of the war in favor of the allied forces, Britain has become increasingly tough on the Hong Kong issue. 1943 At the Cairo Conference, China and Britain fought over the Hong Kong issue, but Churchill directly rejected Chiang Kai-shek and arrogantly declared: "You can't take anything from Britain without fighting!" Under the coercion and inducement of the British, Chiang Kai-shek gradually softened his position, and finally gave up writing the content of recovering Hong Kong into the new treaty, only asking Britain to verbally promise to discuss the Kowloon issue with China after the war.

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194 1 65438+On February 7th, Japan attacked the American warship at Pearl Harbor; The next day, the Japanese army attacked Hong Kong via Chinese mainland, and the British army was forced to leave the New Territories and Kowloon and retreat to Hong Kong Island. At 3 pm on February 25th, 65438, Governor Yang announced his surrender and Hong Kong fell. The surrender ceremony was held in Tsim Sha Tsui Peninsula Hotel, Kowloon. The Japanese army was surrendered by Lieutenant General Takashi Sakai. Since then, Hong Kong has changed its name to "Xiangdao", from 194 1 year to "Showa 16 year in Japan", and the streets of Hong Kong have also been renamed as Japanese emperors. In a word, everything is Japanese.

Under the fascist rule of the Japanese invaders, the people of Hong Kong began a miserable life for three years and eight months. People call this period "Japanese rule". After the Japanese army occupied Hong Kong, it immediately dispatched 25,000 people to nine fortresses in Hong Kong, sent a fleet to patrol the waters around Hong Kong Island, and at the same time stepped up the construction of new fortresses and fortifications to prevent the Allied forces from counterattacking. In order to strengthen its rule over Hong Kong, the Japanese military government classified Hong Kong and Kowloon as 1942 10, including Hong Kong Island 12 and Kowloon 6. The "District Office" governs the business, medical care, welfare, food rations, household registration and other affairs within its jurisdiction, and is subordinate to the Japanese "District Office". 1On February 20th, 942, Japan officially declared Hong Kong as the occupied territory of Japan, and officially appointed Lieutenant General Yukiya Yasuke as the Governor of Hong Kong and Mao Ganye as the Deputy Governor, and set up the Governor's Office in the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Building in the central part of Hong Kong Island. The headquarters of the military government headed by Lieutenant General Sakai Takashi was originally located in the Kowloon Peninsula Hotel and was immediately dissolved. On March 10 of the same year, the Japanese Governor's Office established a "local law office" and a "fair court"; On 28th, the Occupied Territories (Hong Kong) Ordinance was amended, stipulating that all personnel entering, leaving, staying or conducting business activities must obtain the approval of the Governor of Hong Kong. Later, the Entry and Exit Law was promulgated, with the purpose of restricting senior Kuomintang officials, anti-Japanese patriots and party member from leaving the country at will. At the same time, in order to further rule Hong Kong and solve the problem of food shortage, the Japanese army set up an expulsion department to expel a large number of Hong Kong residents.

1942, 1 In June, the Japanese army announced that "all people without work residence permit (so-called good citizen certificate) must leave the country". It was ordered that Japanese soldiers arbitrarily arrest people in the street and escort them out of the country. In March of 1943, due to the increasingly serious food shortage, Japanese soldiers frantically arrested citizens and escorted them to the southern coast of China by sailboats. The Japanese also towed some sailboats to the high seas and ordered shelling or burning. According to historical records, it is estimated that the number of Hong Kong residents expelled at that time reached more than 1000 per day. Under the rule of Japanese invaders, all walks of life in Hong Kong are dying, unemployment is serious, citizens are dying, and many people are starving to death. During the Japanese occupation, the people of China never stopped resisting the invaders. Dongjiang Anti-Japanese Guerrilla was active in the New Territories of Hong Kong and became the main force of anti-Japanese. Dongjiang Anti-Japanese Guerrillas, under the leadership of China Production Party, actively rescued patriots. By the first half of 1942, they had helped hundreds of thousands of people leave Hong Kong and protected a large number of patriotic cultural figures and other patriotic forces. At the same time, they also carried out a series of anti-Japanese armed activities, such as smuggling materials, attacking warehouses and attacking Japanese military posts. 1945, Japanese emperor hirohito finally announced to the parliament that he accepted the Potsdam declaration, disarmed and surrendered to the allied forces. On August 15, the Japanese emperor ordered all Japanese troops to surrender to the allied war zone by radio. At this point, after three years and eight months of suffering, the people of Hong Kong finally struggled out of the hands of the Japanese aggressors. 1945 On August 27th, under the command of Major General Xia Yan, the British fleet took the lead in sailing from subic bay to Hongkong. On the 29th, the aircraft carrier "Unyielding" led by Xia Yan arrived near Dangan Island south of Hongkong. On September 1 day, Xia Yan announced the formal establishment of the military government through Radio Television Hong Kong, and immediately sent personnel to post notices and distribute leaflets in Hong Kong and Kowloon.

1On September 2nd, 945, the Japanese government signed the surrender letter on the USS Missouri anchored in Tokyo Bay. On the 5th, Xia Yan entered the government office. On June 5438+00, the British ship "Queen of Australia" brought 2,000 British Marines to assist the Hong Kong police in maintaining urban order and taking over the New Territories. /kloc-in September of 0/6, the Hong Kong military government was ready and the Japanese troops stationed in Hong Kong formally surrendered. The surrender is as follows: "Major General Okada and vice admiral Fujita, who signed the surrender, hereby unconditionally surrender to the Allies according to Article 2 of the surrender signed in Tokyo Bay on September 2, 1945. Therefore, on behalf of the Japanese Emperor and the Japanese Imperial Base Camp, as well as all the troops under our jurisdiction, we surrender unconditionally to Major General Shea, and are responsible for fulfilling all instructions and all necessary orders issued by Major General or his authorized person, and can execute these orders. " At 4 pm, Major General Xia Yan, as the governor of the Hong Kong military government, accepted the formal surrender of the commander of the Japanese troops stationed in Hong Kong and the commander of the Japanese South China Fleet at Government House. In this way, due to the weakness of the Kuomintang government, Hong Kong, which could have returned to the motherland, was transferred from the rule of Japanese invaders to the hands of British colonists with the acquiescence of the Kuomintang government.

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