Six viewpoints gradually understood about the Three Gorges Project?

Abstract: During the 10 years of practice of the Three Gorges Project, people have gradually deepened their understanding of the Three Gorges Project and gained a deeper understanding of six aspects of the project: Yangtze River flood control cannot be "completed in one battle". It is necessary to build a complete Flood control system; the Three Gorges Project is an ecological and environmental protection project to improve the water environment of the Yangtze River; the immigration project is a problem of the century and a poverty alleviation project; power distribution: from the need for "Three Gorges power" to the need for "Three Gorges high-quality power"; project investment: from national power Whether it can be afforded depends on choosing the appropriate financing channel; in the millennium plan, quality is the life of the Three Gorges Project

Keywords: Flood control system, environmental protection and immigration

November 6, 2002 AD, Another memorable day in the construction milestone of the Three Gorges Project. At 9:50 a.m., the diversion channel was successfully closed. This marks that the construction of the Three Gorges Project has passed the most arduous and critical second phase of the project and has successfully transitioned to the third phase of project construction.

From this day on, the historical mission of the diversion channel was declared completed, and it officially bid farewell to the Yangtze River and gave way to the upcoming Three Gorges Right Bank Dam. This was another great change in the construction process of the Three Gorges Project.

In fact, great changes in the Three Gorges Project occur from time to time, but some changes are grand and eye-catching with the help of rituals; while more changes are like spring rain moistening things, growing and growing unknowingly. When was the former Zhongbao Island moved? When will the former Tanziling be split into the "Fourth Gorge" of the Yangtze River? When did it become the world's largest ship lock that can be opened freely? When did the majestic Three Gorges Dam on the main riverbed of the Yangtze River stand before us? …

There is another change that is even more difficult to detect, and that is the change in people’s understanding of the Three Gorges Project. In the 10 years of practice of the Three Gorges Project, people's understanding of the project is gradually deepening

1 Yangtze River flood control cannot be "completed in one battle", and a complete flood control system must be built

In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, The Yangtze River Basin has been hit by frequent floods, and the construction of a reservoir in the Three Gorges was once said to be a project that could "complete all the work in one battle." After nearly half a century of scientific research and demonstration, people have fully realized that the Three Gorges Project is a key project in the development and management of the Yangtze River and plays an irreplaceable role in the Yangtze River flood control system.

In 1998, the fifth year since the construction of the Three Gorges Project started, a rare catastrophic flood occurred in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. At the critical moment of the Yangtze River's flood fight, the Gezhouba Water Conservancy Project, a run-of-river hydropower station that had been built, implemented extraordinary water storage and staggered peaks with the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, reducing the downflow by 2,000m3/s, making a special contribution to the rescue of the Jingjiang levee. Faced with severe flood conditions, people feel the importance of the Three Gorges Project. At the same time, people also realize that our country's disaster prevention capabilities are still very weak, and there are many tributaries of the Yangtze River. It is impossible to completely eliminate Yangtze River floods by relying on the Three Gorges Project alone. We must rationally plan the flood diversion areas of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and strengthen the embankments of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. After the 1998 flood, the State Council increased investment in the construction of the Yangtze River flood control system.

In the practice of the Three Gorges Project, water conservancy experts have continued to deepen their understanding of the Yangtze River and the Three Gorges Project. Lu Youmei, general manager of China Three Gorges Corporation, believes that the Yangtze River basin must form a relatively complete flood control system. More reservoirs must be built in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and vegetation protection measures must be taken to conserve soil and water to reduce sedimentation. Developing hydropower resources in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River can not only solve the power problem and better realize the power development strategy of "transmitting power from west to east", but also expand the capacity to retain floods and reduce sedimentation in the Three Gorges Reservoir. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, it is necessary to strengthen the Yangtze River embankments, rationally plan flood diversion areas, return farmland to lakes, and increase flood discharge capacity. In addition, the Three Gorges Project, a key project for flood control in the Yangtze River, will be built to increase the reliability and flexibility of flood control dispatch in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. , to avoid or mitigate serious social problems caused by the collapse of river embankments and dams. In this way, a relatively complete Yangtze River flood control system can be formed.

Relying on the Three Gorges Project to establish a complete Yangtze River flood control system, China's water control undertaking has a long way to go, and it is impossible to "pacify the world with one reservoir". This has become the common sense of more and more water conservancy people.

2 The Three Gorges Project is an ecological and environmental protection project that improves the water environment of the Yangtze River

Just as the impact of water conservancy project construction on the ecological environment will have both pros and cons, the construction of the Three Gorges Project will also bring about some environmental problems .

Floods have always been a serious concern for China. According to historical records, for more than two thousand years before 1949, a major flood occurred in China every two years on average.

In the decades after the founding of the People's Republic of China, the frequent catastrophic floods in the Yangtze River Basin alone were alarming. "Floods themselves are caused by ecological imbalance." More and more people realize that the Three Gorges Project, with flood control as its first priority, is generally an environmental protection project to improve the ecological environment of the Yangtze River. ?

The Three Gorges Project is a key project in the Yangtze River flood control system. When the project is fully completed, the flood control standard of the Jingjiang River section can be raised from the current one that occurs less than once in ten years to one that occurs once in a century, making the Jianghan Plain and Dongting 23 million acres of fertile farmland and a large number of towns in the lake area will be protected, and 15 million residents will have a safer living and development environment. It will also extend the life of Dongting Lake, create conditions for the fundamental management of the Dongting Lake area, and be conducive to the prevention and control of schistosomiasis. It is the biggest environmental benefit of the Three Gorges Project. The huge clean energy that the Three Gorges Hydropower Station will provide can reduce the emission of hundreds of millions of tons of harmful gases, wastewater, and waste residues every year compared with coal-fired power stations with equivalent power generation. This will help improve the environment in East and Central China and prevent the harm of acid rain. and greenhouse effect, will play a major positive role.

The decision-makers and builders of the Three Gorges Project have a clear understanding of the possible adverse environmental impacts caused by project construction. With the advancement of the Three Gorges Project, ecological and environmental protection has become increasingly important.

Since the construction of the Three Gorges Project began, it has always adhered to the principle of simultaneous construction and environmental protection, and attached great importance to ecological and environmental protection. The environmental monitoring results in the nine years since the construction began show that: due to the effective measures taken during the construction, the environment has been harmed. Adverse environmental impacts have been controlled to a minimum.

Before the start of the Three Gorges Project, many environmentalists expressed concerns about the environmental problems that may arise during the relocation of immigrants in the reservoir area. During the resettlement and relocation of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, environmental protection has received great attention from the Party Central Committee, the State Council and governments at all levels in the reservoir area. In order to avoid the destruction of forest vegetation caused by the limited environmental capacity of rural resettlement on-site, and to prevent the relocation of enterprises with serious pollution, backward productivity and uncompetitiveness from forming new sources of pollution, in 1999 the State Council made two immigration policies Important adjustments: Some immigrants will no longer live in the reservoir area, but will move to places outside the reservoir area. All factories with serious pollution will be closed.

In order to ensure the fundamental improvement of the environment in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, the "Water Pollution Prevention and Control Plan for the Three Gorges Reservoir Area and Its Upstream" approved by the State Council has begun to be implemented. The plan clarifies: By 2005, the water quality of the main control sections in the Three Gorges Reservoir area and its upstream will meet the national environmental quality standards for surface water pollution Category III, and man-made destruction of the ecological environment will be basically curbed; by 2010, the water quality of the Three Gorges Reservoir area and its upstream main The water quality of the control section basically meets the national second-class surface water environment standards, and the ecological environment of the reservoir area has been significantly improved. We will see that the water quality of the Yangtze River after impoundment will be “cleaner”.

In order to control geological disasters in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, the State Council has stipulated that starting from 2002, 4 billion yuan will be allocated from the Three Gorges Project Construction Fund to control geological disasters such as landslides in the Three Gorges Reservoir area.

In order to track and monitor the ecological and environmental problems that may be caused by the Three Gorges Project throughout the process, identify problems in a timely manner, propose measures to mitigate adverse impacts, and accumulate data for future retrospective environmental impact assessments of the Three Gorges Project, the Ministries and commissions such as environmental protection, water conservancy, agriculture, forestry, meteorology, health, geology and mining, earthquake, and transportation, as well as the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Three Gorges Corporation, and the people's governments of Hubei and Chongqing provinces, also jointly established the "Yangtze Three Gorges Project Ecological and Environmental Monitoring system". This system will provide authoritative decision-making basis for environmental protection of the Three Gorges Project.

The "Yangtze Three Gorges Project Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Network" jointly established by relevant national ministries and academic institutions has tracked and monitored data for five consecutive years. It shows that the construction of the Three Gorges Project not only did not cause certain rumors from the outside world, The "ecological disaster in the reservoir area" has also caused some ecological indicators to improve.

3 The resettlement project is a problem of the century and a poverty alleviation project

The Three Gorges Project flooded 22 districts and counties in Hubei Province and Chongqing City, with a total resettlement population of more than 1.1 million people. There is no precedent in the history of reservoir resettlement at home and abroad, and the resettlement task is very arduous. Therefore, the Three Gorges resettlement is called the "problem of the century."

In the process of solving this "problem of the century", tens of thousands of immigration cadres and people made great efforts and sacrifices, so that the immigration work could proceed smoothly. By July 2002, In September, 646,000 immigrants had been completed, and the task of immigrating one million people was more than half.

Ten years of immigration experience tell people: It is the construction of the Three Gorges Project that has brought historic opportunities to the development of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area and driven the economic development and overall social progress of the reservoir area. When the Three Gorges immigrants tearfully bid farewell to their homeland, it is also the beginning of a beautiful new life for them. The relocation process became a process of getting rich for immigrants. Statistics show that the 10 years after the start of the Three Gorges Project were the fastest period of economic development in the history of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. As of May 2002, all provinces and cities across the country, relevant departments of the State Council, and industries have provided counterpart support to the Three Gorges Project reservoir area. 11.23 billion yuan of funds have been introduced to the Three Gorges Reservoir area, 2,191 economic cooperation projects have been implemented, and funds for social welfare projects have been in place. 1.25 billion yuan. In 2000, the gross national product of the 21 districts and counties in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area increased by 2.21 times compared with 1993, fiscal revenue increased by 1.83 times, and the per capita net income of farmers increased by 2.2 times. In 2001 and 2002, the economy of the reservoir area continued to improve. Keep growing fast.

For those immigrants who have long lived in the reservoir area with inconvenient transportation and poor land, relocation not only brings economic growth, but also improves the living environment.

Gao Cunzhong, a 71-year-old immigrant who now lives in Lianchuan Village, Nantuo Town, Fuling, said with emotion: His ancestors have lived by the Yangtze River for generations, carrying them on their shoulders when going to the market, and on rainy days, they inevitably fall a few times. Now the highway leads to your doorstep, and it only takes half an hour to get to the city.

You Zhisheng, a 48-year-old immigrant who moved from Yunyang to Beixin Village, Huating Town, Jiading District, Shanghai, thinks: Shanghai is a place with many opportunities, and what we are considering now is not "survival" but "development" question.

In order to promote and maintain the sustainable and healthy development of the economy in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, based on the resource advantages, market demand and industrial foundation of the Three Gorges area, the Three Gorges Office of the State Council has determined citrus for the development of the reservoir area after more than a year of research. Industries such as citrus industry, grass-feeding and animal husbandry, and tourism are the pillar industries and advantageous industries in the Three Gorges region. Two plans for the citrus industry and the grass-fed animal husbandry and animal husbandry have been compiled. This will promote the economic restructuring of the reservoir area, increase farmers' income and become rich, and provide A good foundation has been laid for the long-term development of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area.

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