How do China people get rid of the poor oil hat?

China is one of the first countries to discover and utilize oil and gas. However, it was not until the birth of New China that modern oil and gas geological exploration really began. It can be said that there was neither a unified plan, nor funds and advanced equipment. Only a few experts have carried out different degrees of ground geological survey and a small amount of drilling in local areas (such as northern Shaanxi, Gansu, Xinjiang, Sichuan, Taiwan Province and other regions). By the end of 1949, 5 oil fields and 7 mines were discovered, including Yanchang in northern Shaanxi, Yumen and laojunmiao in Gansu, Dushanzi in Xinjiang and Taiwan Province Province. Before liberation, the annual output of crude oil was only 6.5438+200,000 tons.

Since 1950s, the course of oil and gas exploration in China has roughly gone through four stages.

(1) Preliminary exploration stage (1950s).

According to the deployment of the first five-year plan, oil exploration is still mainly carried out in the northwest region. 1955 10 the first well in Karamay-ke1blowout oil. Since 1956, exploration has mainly concentrated in the northwest margin of Junggar basin, and Karamay oilfield was discovered that year. This is the first breakthrough in oil exploration in New China.

1958 A high-yield well with a daily output of 500 tons was drilled in Lenghu No.5 structure in Qinghai, and Lenghu No.5, No.4 and No.3 oilfields were discovered one after another. The Ministry of Petroleum organized the Battle of Central Sichuan in Sichuan and discovered seven oil fields, including Nanchong and Guihua. Yaerxia Oilfield was discovered in Yumen.

At the end of 1950s, China formed four major oil and gas bases, namely Xinjiang, Qinghai, Yumen and Sichuan. 1959 The national oil output reached 3.733 million tons.

(2) Strategically move eastward and break through Songliao Basin (late 1950s-1963).

Since 1955, the Ministry of Geology and the Ministry of Petroleum have successively carried out comprehensive geological surveys in North China Plain and Songliao Basin.

In September, 1959, the third parameter well drilled by the Ministry of Petroleum in Songliao Basin-Well Songji 3 likes to inject industrial oil flow. 1February, 960, the Central Committee issued instructions to launch the Songliao Petroleum Congress. In May, tens of thousands of oil troops gathered in the northern part of Daqing placanticline, and obtained industrial oil flows in seven structures successively, including Lamadian, Sarthou, Xingshugang, Taipingtun, Gaotaizi, Putaohua and Aobaota, revealing the overall oil-bearing characteristics of Daqing placanticline structural belt. 1963 The oil reserves reported in May reached 2.263 billion tons, with an oil-bearing area of 865 square kilometers. This major breakthrough has changed the oil distribution pattern in China in one fell swoop and created a new situation of oil and gas exploration in eastern China.

From June of the first train to 1963, the annual output of crude oil in China reached 6.48 million tons. In February of the same year, Premier Zhou solemnly declared at the fourth session of the Second National People's Congress that "China can basically meet its own needs for oil now, and the era when China people used foreign oil will soon be gone forever".

(3) March into Bohai Bay and build the second largest oil base (1964 to the mid-1980s).

Taking advantage of the east wind of the victory of Daqing oil battle, in order to continue to strengthen the exploration in the eastern region, with the approval of the central government, the oil army entered Guannan on 1964, advanced into the Bohai Bay area, and began the oil battle in North China. From the north of Tianjin Beidagang to the vast coastal areas north of Dongying, Shandong, a new oil exploration battlefield has been opened up.

1965, Shengtuo Oilfield was discovered in Dongying, Shandong Province. Well Tuo 9 and Well Tuo 1 1 produce thousands of tons of oil a day and 839,000 tons of crude oil a year. Tianjin captured Dagang Oilfield. Since then, the oil man has overcome the difficulties brought about by the turmoil of the Cultural Revolution, and exploration results have emerged continuously. By 1978, a number of large oil and gas fields have been discovered one after another, such as 100 million tons of oil fields such as Dongxin, Binnan, Gudao, Pan Lin in Shengli Oilfield, and Beidagang, Zaoyuan and Wuguantun in Dagang Oilfield. The crude oil output of these two oil regions reached 20 million tons and 310.5 million tons respectively, making them the second largest oil production base in China after Daqing.

Oil exploration in Liaohe basin began from 65438 to 0967. The State Council approved the Liaohe Petroleum Battle in March 1970, and successively discovered Xinglongtai, Shuguang and Huanxiling oilfields. Liaohe Oilfield 1978 crude oil output reached 3.55 million tons.

1In July, 975, the exploration in Jizhong Plain of North China played another triumphant song. The high oil production in Ren-4 well initiated a new era of buried hill oil and gas exploration in China. By 1978, the crude oil output reached12.24 million tons.

In June, the State Council approved the organization of Jianghan Petroleum Battle 1969 while exploring the Bohai Bay. In Jianghan Plain in the hinterland of China, a number of small and medium-sized oil fields have been discovered in recent three years, with a built-up capacity of several million tons.

1970 The central government approved the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia oil exploration battle, discovered Maling and Hongjingzi oil fields, and built the production capacity 1 10,000 tons.

1In May, 977, the Ministry of Petroleum organized a petroleum battle in Henan Province and discovered oil fields such as Weigang, Shuanghe and Xiaermen. It only took 1 year to build a capacity of 2 million tons.

During the campaign in the 1970s, 19 gas field was discovered in Niuba, northwest Sichuan, southwest Sichuan and southeast Sichuan successively, and 1978 produced 6.08 billion cubic meters of natural gas.

From 65438 to 0978, China's annual crude oil output exceeded 65438+ billion tons for the first time, and entered the ranks of major oil producers in the world.

Since then, in the mid-1980s, with the new situation of China's reform and opening up, oil exploration and development began to open to the outside world, and cooperation agreements were signed at sea. 1983, China Offshore Oil Corporation made a breakthrough in oil and gas fields in Bohai Sea and Yinggehai Sea. In addition, a number of new oil fields have been discovered on land, focusing on Songliao and Bohai Bay basins, which has made China's oil reserves grow steadily.

1in March, 983, the State Council approved the Ministry of Petroleum to organize a campaign to tackle key technical problems in the production and construction of Zhongyuan Oilfield. After the industrial blowout was discovered in Pushen 1 well in September, 1975, Liuwen, Pucheng and other large oil fields were discovered one after another. 1979 produces 300,000 tons of crude oil. 1985 crude oil output reached 5.5 million tons.

1September, 1984, the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources discovered high-yield oil and gas flow (well Shashen 2) in Tabei Uplift of Tarim Basin. At the end of the year, there were new discoveries in Erlian Basin of Inner Mongolia.

(4) Stabilize the east, develop the west, develop oil and gas simultaneously, vigorously develop offshore exploration and strengthen regional exploration nationwide (since the mid-1980s).

Focusing on the exploration and development of "three new fields" in the west and east, rolling exploration has continuously increased reserves. By 1988, the key areas of oil and gas exploration in China are Xinjiang, Jilin, Dagang, Jidong, Inner Mongolia and Qinghai. The Ordovician system in Lunnan structure of Tabei uplift, the oil department drilled Lunnan 1 blowout oil, with a daily oil production of 90.7 cubic meters, and found Lunnan oilfield. From 65438 to 0989, the Ministry of Petroleum established the Tarim Petroleum Exploration and Development Headquarters, and the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources also strengthened exploration in the west. Up to now, important progress has been made in western exploration. A number of large and medium-sized oilfields such as Lunnan-Tahe Oilfield have been discovered in Tarim, and some oilfields have also been discovered in Junggar, Turpan-Hami, Qinghai and Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia basins.

In recent years, Kela 2 gas field (with a reserve of over 200 billion cubic meters) and Ordos gas field, represented by Changqing and Sulige, have been discovered in western China, with emphasis on Tarim Basin. A large number of natural gas reserves have been discovered in Sichuan and Qinghai. In recent years, the cumulative increase in natural gas reserves has reached 1.0 trillion cubic meters, laying a reliable foundation for the West-to-East Gas Transmission Project.

New progress has been made in offshore oil and gas exploration in the fields of self-management and foreign cooperation. From the Bohai Sea in the north to the Beibu Gulf in the South China Sea, a number of large and medium-sized oil and gas fields have been discovered, such as Suizhong 36- 1, Penglai 19-3, Liu Hua 1 1, Nanhai Yacheng 13, etc. The accumulated proven offshore oil reserves (200 1 year-end)10.40 billion tons and natural gas reserves of 299.5 billion cubic meters have become an important field of oil and gas development in the tenth five-year plan and beyond.

With the spirit of "revolution plus despair", the industrious and brave people of China aim at the forefront of international petroleum science and technology, and it takes 50 years to complete the development path that western countries have completed in 100 years, making China the fifth largest oil and gas producer in the world.