Who knows how the party in the hundred surnames came from?

Tracing back to the original intention and origin of the word "Party", the word "Party" was a derogatory term in ancient times, referring to a group formed by private interests, from which the meanings of favoritism were derived, such as "Party sharing differences", "Father Party" and "Wife Party". The traditional style of the party is composed of "Shang" and "Black", which shows that it is not aboveboard. "Party member" is synonymous with "villain". Scholars in ancient China divided "people" into three categories: gentlemen, villains and laymen. On the issue of gentlemen and villains, Kong Qiu, Meng Ke, Zhu Xi and other "Zi" generation experts in previous dynasties all had extremely incisive expositions, and Ouyang Xiu, a great writer, once wrote a well-known "On the Party and Friends".

as the ancients said, "a gentleman values righteousness, while a villain values profit". Small people with the same interests form a group driven by interests, and such a group is called a "party". There are still some words with the ancient meaning of "party" in modern Chinese, such as "best friend", "evil party" and "joining a party for personal gain". Because businessmen are profit-oriented and violate the principle of "gentlemen value righteousness", in ancient China, businessmen have always been regarded as villains, and making profits in business is also regarded as villains' behavior. The ancients thought that officials must have a gentleman's demeanor, and businessmen belonged to small human beings, so they had no political status, were not reused in the court, and rarely became big officials. There have been many incidents of "Party members" in the history of China. During the reign of Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty, eunuchs were autocratic, and the literati and bureaucrats were excluded, so they had to get together and complain about the current politics, which was called "Qing Yi" at that time. Eunuchs had no social status, and after they became nouveau riche, they hated the scholar-officials who looked down on them at ordinary times and even called them "the people after the punishment." Eunuchs told Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty that the scholar-officials had colluded with each other, slandered the imperial court, and arrested "Party members" through nationwide orders. Thousands of "Party members" were arrested before and after. Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty issued a letter to return these "Party members" to the official post, imprisoning them for life and not being an official again. Even the party's protege, old friend, father and son, brother and relatives within five clothes are also imprisoned and not allowed to be an official. This is the famous "Party Occlusion Incident" in history.

During the Song Huizong period, Cai Jing, a corrupt official, colluded with eunuchs to specialize in state affairs. In order to control the state affairs, Cai Jing branded Sima Guang, Su Shi and other 39 people who opposed him as "Yuan You traitors" and set up a "Party Monument" outside the Dedian Gate, on which 39 Party notoriety was engraved, which showed the whole country. Officials who have been inscribed with Party steles shall be detained in severe cases, while those who are light shall be demoted to distant places, and they shall not be allowed to serve as disciples without special permission. The relatives and children of these party members have also been subjected to various political persecution.

During the Ming Shenzong period, the eunuch Wei Zhongxian was autocratic, and the scholar-officials were excluded, so they inevitably got together again to "discuss things clearly", satirize state affairs, and comment on people and things. Wei Zhongxian labeled the frustrated old bureaucrats and literati gathered around Wuxi Donglin Academy as "Donglin Party" and searched for crimes. The famous figures of Donglin Party were persecuted to death, and other Donglin Party members were also listed and announced throughout the country. There are as few as 1 people in each list as many as 5 people. Those who are included in the list of party names will be stripped of their books by the living and their reputations will be seized by the dead. The "Party" in the above "Party", "Yuan You Party" and "Donglin Party" are all derogatory terms. In ancient China, the villain group that valued profit over righteousness was called "the party", so no one in the ancient folk group called himself "the party". In ancient times, larger groups were called "societies" and smaller groups were called "societies", such as fellow villagers' associations, elder brothers' associations, guild halls, poetry societies and painting societies. There are also some words in modern Chinese that follow the ancient meanings of "hui" and "she", such as societies, associations, publishing houses, news agencies, calligraphy and painting societies and so on.

Since ancient times, China has always advocated that gentlemen should not form a party. The Analects of Confucius said: "A gentleman does not belong to the Party"; "Mozi" said "neither partiality nor party"; The Book of Classics says: "Without partiality and party, the king is swinging; Nothing is wrong, and the king is upright. " Zhu Xi rated Zhuge Liang, Du Fu, Yan Zhenqing, Han Yu and Fan Zhongyan as models of gentlemen and praised them as "aboveboard, broad-minded and open-minded". Later emperors also hung "fair and square" plaques in the main hall to declare that the emperor was determined to be a gentleman, not a villain. Why did China appreciate "a gentleman is not a party" in ancient times? Because once a person joins a group, he has to consider the interests of the group. In order to protect the reputation and interests of the group, some things that they did not approve of originally had to play dumb, even say and do things against their will. Therefore, once a person joins a political party, it is difficult for him to achieve true ideological independence and integrity, and he is naturally despised by gentlemen who advocate independence and integrity. Therefore, the ancient gentlemen in China were always alone. However, China's tradition of "gentlemen don't belong to the Party" also has a big drawback, that is, isolated individual gentlemen often can't compete with the party organizations of villains. In the history of China, the villain in the world has been in power for far longer than the gentleman in power. One of the important reasons is that the villain forms a clique, while the gentleman does not form a clique, so it is easy for the villain party to divide and conquer.

party member, Party Committee, Party Style, Party Newspaper, Party Organization, Party Discipline and State Law, etc. are all commonly used words in various media and people's daily spoken language. "Party" is undoubtedly a commendatory term in China's modern cultural circle. So when did the word "Party" change from a derogatory term to a commendatory term? This should start with the Revolution of 1911. The earliest revolutionary organizations were called "League Club" and "Xinghua Club", but there were no organizations calling themselves "Party". After the Meiji Restoration in Japan, everything was learned from the West, but at that time, most Japanese people did not know foreign languages, so they had to translate foreign books into Chinese that Japanese people could understand. What bothers translators most is some inherent nouns that are not found in Chinese in foreign books, such as "citizen", "parliament" and "party", so they have to create new words based on their own experience. Japanese translators were not very proficient in Chinese, so they somehow turned "party" into "party", so political groups such as "Liberal Party" and "Constitutional Party" appeared in Japan. At that time, Huang Zunxian, Counsellor of the Qing Government's Embassy in Japan, once wrote an article ridiculing the emergence of a self-proclaimed "party" organization in Japan. However, Huang Zunxian's laughter did not fall, and political organizations calling themselves "the Party" also appeared in China. Revolutionaries of the Revolution of 1911 all came from the environment of Japan's reform and change, and they used whatever words the Japanese used. Revolutionaries not only copied official names such as "President", "Prime Minister", "Secretary" and "Cadres" into China, but also brought "Party" into China. So China had new words such as * * * production party and Kuomintang.

Now China people seem to have fully accepted the Japanese understanding of the word "Party" and forgotten the old meaning of the word "Party" in ancient China. Now we are talking about "party member", which has a completely opposite meaning to "Party member" in ancient times, which can of course be understood as the development process of language. Names like "League" and "Jiu San Society" feel better. Nowadays, it is more appropriate to change the old meaning of "Party" to "Gang". In ancient China, "Gang" was synonymous with black, remorseful and violent gangs, which was quite different from the meaning of "Party" of the villain group. People have changed the old definition of these words, changing "party" into "gang" and "gang-building" into "gang-building", such as the Gang of Four.

China's political tradition is deep-rooted, and those who think they are gentlemen are often unsociable, arrogant and narcissistic, and don't "go along with others". Gentlemen have always respected hermits and modesty, unlike western politicians who compete naked for votes and aggressively for political power. China gentleman's principle of "not forming a clique" and the fashion of "being humble and not contending" naturally make the petty people who form a clique and don't know what humility is everywhere take advantage. Therefore, when a gentleman fights with a villain, it is basically the gentleman who loses, which can be said to be an aspect of China's traditional cultural structure that needs to be transformed.

Second, the origin of surname:

1. It comes from the surname of Yu, a descendant of King Yu of Xia Dynasty, and belongs to the country name.

is a descendant of the whole family of Xia Dynasty, so it is said that the Dang clan came from the descendants of Xia Dynasty in history. Belonging to Xia Yu's descendants, the Dang family lived in the Tangut.

2. It originated from the surname of Ji, came from the fief of the doctors of the Gong clan in the State of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period, and belonged to the famous city of Fengyi.

during the spring and autumn period, the doctor of the state of Jin gave a fief to Shangdang (now Shangdang in Shanxi), so his descendants took the Party as their surname.

3. It originated in Ren Shi and came from the fief of Yuyang, the youngest son of the Yellow Emperor. It belongs to the name of the fief.

According to legend, the doctor Dang's family in the State of Lu is a descendant of the youngest son of the Yellow Emperor, Yuyang. Because he was sealed in the Party, his descendants took the Party as their surname, so he was also called Dang's family.

4. It originated from the change of surnames of all ethnic groups, and it belongs to the sinicization of changing surnames into surnames.

the Tangut Qiang nationality is a minority in northwest China in ancient times. According to the records in the classic Guang Yun, the Dang family was originally the surname of the Qiang nationality in the northwest Tangut, and later it was changed to the Dang family. One of them is a general named Dang Naihu, who is from this Party.

Xianxi people in the north have the Dang clan. According to the book Road History, the Xianxi people are also descendants of the Yellow Emperor, and they got this clan name because they moved to Xianxi Mountain.

The Dang clan in the Hui nationality originated from dangxiang, Xixia, China. In 138 AD, Yuan Hao, a Tangut, established the Xixia Kingdom, which lasted for 19 years. Some Tangut people gradually merged into the Hui nationality, so this surname was extended. The Dang Hui people are mainly distributed in Henan, Shandong and other places.

second, the ancestor of the surname: Xia Yu.

The origin of the Dang clan, according to the historical book "The Words and Actions of the Noble Clan", is the descendant of Ji, a doctor of the State of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period. According to the historical records "A Textual Research on Surnames", Dr. Lu has a Dang surname and is a descendant of Zhou Gongzu. Dang's family is a descendant of Xia Yu, an ancient sage, who lived in the Tangut, hence the surname Dang's family. According to the historical book Jade in Yunfu County, among Xia Yu's descendants, there were Dangfen and Dangjin in the Tang Dynasty. The classic "Guang Yun" records that the Dang family was originally the surname of Xiqiang, and Yao Qin had a general party that resisted tigers.

As early as the Han Dynasty, there was a Western Party located in present-day Qinghai Province. dangxiang was a descendant of the tribe and a descendant of Xia Yu according to historical records. Therefore, the descendants of the Party family named Xia Yu as the ancestor of the Party family.

III. Migration and distribution:

The total population of the Dang clan is not listed in the top 1 of the hundred surnames in mainland China and Taiwan Province Province, but it ranks 291st in the Song version of Hundred Surnames.

In the Spring and Autumn Period, some doctors in the State of Jin were appointed to Shangdang, and some of their descendants took place names as surnames, which is an origin of Dangshi today. Another Dang family also originated in the Spring and Autumn Period. After that, a doctor in the State of Lu was appointed to Dang, and his descendants took the name of the fief as their surname, which became another source of Dang family.

In ancient times, the Qiang nationality in northwest China had a surname of Dangxiang, but later they married the Han nationality, learned the culture of the Han nationality, and accepted the habit of Han nationality's single surname, so they changed it to Dangxiang. It is also said that there were Xianbei people in the ancient north, and some took the party as their surname, which later became a source of the Han Party family.

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the clansmen migrated from Quwo County, Shanxi Province to the north. Now, about 2, people have scattered in two waves and helped them to Geli in the 2th century. Nanfeng Temple was built in Xinfeng, Xin 'an Temple was built in Zhonghe, Taitang Temple was built in Lidong, and Nanshan Temple was built in Nanlu. During Guangxu period, Shaanxi was hungry, and the descendants of Nanshan used the rest of their sacrifices to help Liang Yizao of Duojin County to give an inscription to HP disaster area.

Contemporary Dangs are distributed all over the country, especially in Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi and Yunnan. Among them, Dangjia Village in Hancheng, Shaanxi Province shines brightly in the corner of the land of Qin and Shaanxi, and has become famous in recent years with the reputation of "residential treasure". In ancient times, people here built tall halls and mansions, built forts and towers, and clung to their incense and wealth; Nowadays, their descendants have repaired the walls and accepted tourists, and still stick to the houses left by their ancestors and the ancient customs that will be indifferent.

Fourth, the number of the county hall:

The aristocratic family of the Dang family comes from Feng Xu.

1. county view:

fengyi county: the administrative district of Zuo fengyi was set up in the first year of emperor wudi of the Han dynasty, and it was called "the third auxiliary of gyeonggi" together with "Youfufeng" and "Jingzhaoyi". Wei of the Three Kingdoms changed Zuo Fengyi to Feng Yi County. It is equivalent to the area south of Hancheng, east of Baishui and north of Weishui in Shaanxi Province today.

2. TangNo.:

Zhong Wutang: In Song Dynasty, Dangjin made great contributions to conquering Taiyuan, so he was appointed as our envoy of Zhong Wujun. He is big, loyal and honest.