[2 1 Century College Practical English Comprehensive Course Volume II (Fudan University Press) Where are the listening materials, please give me a website, thank you!

Recently, many young friends asked me to write something about Lu Xun. Why do they want me to write? I guess their motives are probably nothing more than the following: First, now in Taiwan Province Province, Lu Xun's works are banned, and the more people who can't see them, the more curious they are, so they want to know about this person. Second, a large number of young people have always heard of Lu Xun's name or read some of his works when they are in the mainland. They are inevitably publicized by the producers of * * * and their fellow travelers, so they may have some illusions about this person. I once had a pen battle with Lu Xun, so someone wanted me to say a few words as a party.

Actually, I don't want to talk about him. A few days ago, when Mr. Chen Xiying returned from overseas, someone asked him at the dinner table, "What do you think of Lu Xun?" He just laughed and didn't answer. I cut in from the side. "You'd better not ask us about Lu Xun." Mr. Xi Ying and Mr. Lu Xun conflict with each other (not for literary theory). After I argued with Lu Xun, our positions were opposite. What we said may be unfair. Besides, Lu Xun has been dead for a long time, and he won't answer me if I criticize him again. His works have been banned here, so why "beat Reservoir Dogs" here and now? So after his death, I seldom talked about him, with one exception. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, I wrote an article "I and Lu Xun" in Central Weekly. Maybe some young people haven't read the article, but I have to do it now. Make an exception and repeat what I said in that article.

First of all, I personally disapprove of banning his works. In my life, I believe Voltaire's words most: "I don't agree with what you say, but I will support your freedom to say what you say to the death." I am the same as Lu Xun. I have written many words criticizing Lu Xun, and some people have collected comments from both sides and compiled them into a book. I think this is a good way to let everyone know who is right. I once worked as a librarian in a university for a while, and there were a number of low-level pornographic books and periodicals left over from the past on the bookshelf. I think this is detrimental to the dignity of the university, so it was cancelled. There are about dozens of books, not including some works by Lu Xun. But this incident immediately spread to Shanghai, saying that I burned Lu Xun and other left-leaning works. Lu Xun himself is very happy to use this false information and send it as one of my crimes! There is no such thing. Propaganda is self-propaganda, and facts are facts.

Lu Xun was neither a party member nor a fellow traveler. At first, he was quite opposed to the left-leaning elements at that time, so he fell out with a group of people in the creation society. He used to be a typical old-fashioned civil servant. He worked as a servant in the Ministry of Education of Beiyang warlord government, but he was not eliminated in the wave of personnel turnover in Beiyang warlord government. First, because of his low status, and second, because he never stood out, he wrote some articles about novels or indirectly translated some European works from Japanese. After participating in New Youth magazine and writing a little mixed feelings or short stories, it gradually attracted people's attention, and finally got involved in the wave of academic circles in Beijing at that time, and was strictly excluded from the Ministry of Education by Zhang Xing. Since then, he has been in academic field. In Beijing, Xiamen and Guangzhou, he has been in conflict with others. There was no place where he could stay in his position for a long time. In the end, he stayed in Shanghai, making a living and even dying.

Lu Xun had a rough life and hit a wall everywhere, so it is natural to have resentment in his chest. Who is the object of resentment? Morality, system, tradition and government have all become the targets of his anger. He was born in Shaoxing, perhaps he was born with the quality of "an official with a knife and a pen", which made his writing extremely bitter. Of course, his language foundation was outstanding among ordinary vernacular writers at that time, so his works (especially the so-called miscellaneous feelings) were really valuable at that time. His works are concise and vicious, and are valuable as sporadic satires. His main works are one collection of miscellaneous feelings after another. However, as a writer, it is not enough to be full of complaints and complaints. He must have a set of positive thoughts and a set of positive views on people and things. Even if he doesn't have to form any system, at least he must have a positive proposition. Lu Xun is not enough to say this. All he has is a negative attitude, which is simply an attitude of "dissatisfaction with the status quo". There is nothing wrong with this attitude. Beiyang warlords have been in power for several years. Who can be satisfied with the status quo? The question is, what if it's just dissatisfaction? Our country, politics and culture are really full of holes. What do we do? It's a way to seek improvement bit by bit. If Lu Xun doesn't agree with this method, it's ok, if he thinks it's a passive compromise and futile, but you must come up with a method, not just abusing the object of corruption, abusing other people's ideas for improvement, abusing everything without putting forward positive ideas yourself. This is the most serious shortcoming of Lu Xun. I once wrote an article to force him to show his cards. The title of that article is "Dissatisfied with the status quo". I remember I said, "You scold everyone, you oppose all ideas, and your praise and criticism are worthless. What are you going to do? " ? Please state your positive opinion. "I must have scratched his itch. His answer is wonderful. First of all, he used his old ways to mock me, saying that my words were unreasonable, and that "praise" was "praise" and "demotion" was "demotion". If it is not used as a derogatory term, it is impossible to add praise to the derogatory term. (Lu Xun probably forgot to find fault with the word "praise" together in A Dream of Red Mansions. Then he announced that there was an ism that he had never scolded. I will ask him again, what doctrine is this? Is it capitalism? He didn't answer. Different people have different attitudes when facing the exposed darkness of life. A wise man will think deeply, return to himself, and then choose a way to change it; Fools don't seek redemption, but accuse each other of not telling themselves in detail where the road is smooth. -Huiyu Publishing House)

Don't think that Lu Xun deliberately paved the way for the * * * production party from the beginning. That's not true. He has nothing to do with the producer. He was cornered and finally cornered. It is also true that he never criticizes materialism. He left such a back door open. So later, when the producer wanted to use him to lead the left-wing writers' alliance, it hit it off. In fact, Lu Xun's criticism of left-leaning elements was very severe, and he didn't stop attacking them until he was favored by the * * * production party and became a left-wing leader. Around this time, he translated the "literary policy" of the Russian production party in a blunt and rude style. Translating the book "Literary Policy" is an important thing for Lu Xun, which clearly shows that he is inclined to the Party. However, I still have some doubts whether this book was translated by Lu Xun himself, because the translation is so bad that Lu Xun seems to be at this point. It is very likely that this is a document that the producer of * * * insists on his name, and he can't shirk it. The life span of this document is not long, because the Russian literary and art circles suffered a big purge soon, such as Luna Karski, plekhanov and Mayer kawas, who all suffered the most tragic fate. The "street literary movement" in Shanghai was ordered to stop, and the so-called "Left-wing Writers Union" was ordered to disappear. For details of this dramatic change, please refer to Hysmans's book The Artist in Uniforms. After this period, Lu Xun went deep into the camp of the * * * production party.

At this time, an anti-Russian incident happened in the northeast of China. Of course, no one agrees with the warlord regime in Northeast China. However, when our officers and men in China clashed with Soviet imperialism and we suffered heavy casualties, the people of China could not but express their concern. This is a test of China's production party and its sympathizers. I was surprised to find that their slogan was "against attacking the Soviet Union!" Wires and walls on the roadside in Shanghai. I naively asked: Did China attack the Soviet Union or did the Soviet Union invade China? Lu Xun and his gang replied: China warlords were instigated by imperialism to attack the Soviet Union. After this test, Lu Xun's position is obvious.

Lu Xun has no literary theory. He first focuses on a lot of complaints, then pursues the literary policy of Soviet Russia, and finally completely obeys the manipulation of Soviet Russia and the * * * production party. This kind of judgment has no strength.

Shortly before his death, Lu Xun wrote a short article entitled "Death". It seems that he is going to die. In the article, he advised young people that "people are dying, and words are still in their ears." We don't have to waste words with others. This sentence is: "Don't be a short writer." What is a short writer? What he means is that writers should have literary works, not empty talk. This sentence is quite right. There are too many people who think that they are in the literary circle. If they write something casually, they pretend to be writers. No wonder Lu Xun satirized them. But then again, Lu Xun satirized himself. Immediately after Lu Xun's death, someone printed the complete works for him, because they were organized, staffed, rich and organized, and everything was convenient. The whole set of scarlet covers has been published. I can't remember how many copies there are, about a dozen to twenty. This is not a short story writer. However, according to its content, all translated novels and the like are included together, which breaks the common practice at all times and in all countries. Of course, I don't know whether Lu Xun had this idea before his death, but apart from extraordinary greatness, it really doesn't make any sense to include a large set of translated works in the complete works. Fortunately, Lu Xun translated the Dead Soul in Nikolai Gogol, not others, otherwise the Complete Works in Nikolai Gogol would be attached to the Complete Works of Lu Xun.

Lu Xun's works, as I said, are more exciting because of his complex feelings. But how many of them can become satirical literature with permanent value is still debatable. The so-called satirical literature also needs some conditions. First, the intention should be profound and the writing should be old-fashioned. Lu Xun is good at this point. Second, the house should be loyal. Although the author can be cynical, he still has love in his heart, not hate. The purpose is not to be quick, not to "destroy the food" and overthrow others. At this point, I doubt whether Lu Xun has such a mind. Third, it is best to satirize the common phenomenon or the shortcomings of * * *, at least not to make personal attacks, so as to maintain an objective attitude instead of being a bitch. In Lu Xun's Miscellaneous Feeling, there are too many elements of personal criticism, which will change in the future and people will be eliminated by the tide. This is a considerable problem. Fourth, although there is no fixed genre in satirical works, we should also pay attention to rules and regulations. Like other articles, satirical literature has proper length, beginning and end, and becomes a whole. Lu Xun's miscellaneous feelings are mostly fragmentary in nature. It seems that the sooner you write them, the better. They can fill the space of newspapers and magazines and may not become good literary works. What I said above may be too harsh, because Lu Xun himself did not claim that his miscellaneous feelings were exhausted? -Huiyu Publishing House)

Don't think that Lu Xun deliberately paved the way for the * * * production party from the beginning. That's not true. He has nothing to do with the producer. He was cornered and finally cornered. It is also true that he never criticizes materialism. He left such a back door open. So later, when the producer wanted to use him to lead the left-wing writers' alliance, it hit it off. In fact, Lu Xun's criticism of left-leaning elements was very severe, and he didn't stop attacking them until he was favored by the * * * production party and became a left-wing leader. Around this time, he translated the "literary policy" of the Russian production party in a blunt and rude style. Translating the book "Literary Policy" is an important thing for Lu Xun, which clearly shows that he is inclined to the Party. However, I still have some doubts whether this book was translated by Lu Xun himself, because the translation is so bad that Lu Xun seems to be at this point. It is very likely that this is a document that the producer of * * * insists on his name, and he can't shirk it. The life span of this document is not long, because the Russian literary and art circles suffered a big purge soon, such as Luna Karski, plekhanov and Mayer kawas, who all suffered the most tragic fate. The "street literary movement" in Shanghai was ordered to stop, and the so-called "Left-wing Writers Union" was ordered to disappear. For details of this dramatic change, please refer to Hysmans's book The Artist in Uniforms. After this period, Lu Xun went deep into the camp of the * * * production party.

At this time, an anti-Russian incident happened on the Middle East Road in the northeast of China. Of course, no one agrees with the warlord regime in Northeast China. However, when our officers and men in China clashed with Soviet imperialism and we suffered heavy casualties, the people of China could not but express their concern. This is a test of China's production party and its sympathizers. I was surprised to find that their slogan was "against attacking the Soviet Union!" Wires and walls on the roadside in Shanghai. I am so naive. Residual Dutch invasion? Personal? ニ ニ ニ ニ? Is rank crisp? How did Ke Wei change the mace curtain? Hey? What's the matter with you? > 嚀敒? Do you want to forgive Mu Fu? /span>。

Lu Xun has no literary theory. He first focuses on a lot of complaints, then pursues the literary policy of Soviet Russia, and finally completely obeys the manipulation of Soviet Russia and the * * * production party. This kind of judgment has no strength.

Shortly before his death, Lu Xun wrote a short article entitled "Death". It seems that he is going to die. In the article, he advised young people that "people are dying, and words are still in their ears." We don't have to waste words with others. This sentence is: "Don't be a short writer." What is a short writer? What he means is that writers should have literary works, not empty talk. This sentence is quite right. There are too many people who think that they are in the literary circle. If they write something casually, they pretend to be writers. No wonder Lu Xun satirized them. But then again, Lu Xun satirized himself. Immediately after Lu Xun's death, someone printed the complete works for him, because they were organized, staffed, rich and organized, and everything was convenient. The whole set of scarlet covers has been published. I can't remember how many copies there are, about a dozen to twenty. This is not a short story writer. However, according to its content, all translated novels and the like are included together, which breaks the common practice at all times and in all countries. Of course, I don't know whether Lu Xun had this idea before his death, but apart from extraordinary greatness, it really doesn't make any sense to include a large set of translated works in the complete works. Fortunately, Lu Xun translated the Dead Soul in Nikolai Gogol, not others, otherwise the Complete Works in Nikolai Gogol would be attached to the Complete Works of Lu Xun.

Lu Xun's works, as I said, are more exciting because of his complex feelings. But how many of them can become satirical literature with permanent value is still debatable. The so-called satirical literature also needs some conditions. First, the intention should be profound and the writing should be old-fashioned. Lu Xun is good at this point. Second, the house should be loyal. Although the author can be cynical, he still has love in his heart, not hate. The purpose is not to be quick, not to "destroy the food" and overthrow others. At this point, I doubt whether Lu Xun has such a mind. Third, it is best to satirize the common phenomenon or the shortcomings of * * *, at least not to make personal attacks, so as to maintain an objective attitude instead of being a bitch. In Lu Xun's Miscellaneous Feeling, there are too many elements of personal criticism, which will change in the future and people will be eliminated by the tide. This is a considerable problem. Fourth, although there is no fixed genre in satirical works, we should also pay attention to rules and regulations. Like other articles, satirical literature has proper length, beginning and end, and becomes a whole. Lu Xun's miscellaneous feelings are mostly fragmentary in nature. It seems that the sooner you write them, the better. They can fill the space of newspapers and magazines and may not become good literary works. The above may be too harsh, because Lu Xun himself did not declare that his miscellaneous feelings must be passed down from generation to generation, but there are quite a few admirers of Lu Xun, and it seems that they must be reminded.

As far as novels are concerned, Lu Xun wrote only a few short stories, but no novels. His famous The True Story of Ah Q is also very short. In my opinion, the best of his short stories is The True Story of Ah Q, and the rest are not like short stories in structure, but like fragmentary sketches, some of which are beautiful in words and emotions. As far as a single work is concerned, The True Story of Ah Q is very valuable. Writing a typical Shaoxing ignorant before and after 1911, the psychological description is very profound and delicate. However, if we say that this novel is based on the nationality of China and Ah Q is a typical representative of China people, I think this is an exaggeration, and Lu Xun himself may not have this intention. Ah Q has its epochal and regional characteristics. The artistic success of a work does not mean that a writer can become a great writer. A great writer's works must have its seriousness and proper weight. It seems that a work like The True Story of Ah Q is not enough to make its author a great writer. Once Bernard Shaw came to Shanghai, the so-called writers in Shanghai gathered our "great writer" Lu Xun Weng to meet him, and also took a photo and published it in a magazine. On one side stood Bernard Shaw, a tall man with silver beard and white hair, and on the other side stood Lu Xun, a weak man with loose hair. In contrast, I really didn't say that his figure or the number of works was weighed. This comparison is really confusing.

In terms of literary research, Lu Xun's only commendable work is his Introduction to China's Novels, and he has also studied China's novels. I'm afraid this book is still a good one in this respect. I think at least this book should be released in advance and allowed to circulate. Besides, I don't see any other contribution from him. Some people say that he translated the literary works of many small and weak European countries. My knowledge is too limited to criticize the literature of the so-called "disadvantaged groups". But I think Lu Xun translated Japanese, so he may not have a proper understanding of the literature of various nationalities, and Lu Xun's motivation for translating such literature may be out of sympathy for the oppressed nationalities, and he may not pay much attention to its own literary value.

Since the May 4th Movement, there have been many writers of new literature and art, but not many have made real achievements, especially those like Lu Xun. He could have achieved more, but unfortunately he died too early. Secondly, he didn't have a sound ideological foundation, so that he was swept by the trend of making the party and lost his position in literature and art. Naturally, a writer can't talk about the moon all day. Naturally, he should open his eyes and look around. Naturally, he should vent the anger and obstacles accumulated in his chest. However, it is quite important that he should "observe life calmly and observe the whole of life." Look at life steadily, look at life completely. This remark was made by Arnold matthew arnold, a British critic, when he criticized the British for giving Chaucer a hard time. He said that Nest Plug failed to do this, and his observation of life was sporadic, partial and superficial. If I want to criticize Lu Xun, I will also borrow this famous saying. Lu Xun's attitude is not calm enough and often emotional, so his foothold is unstable, and those who oppose him and plan to support him have exerted unnecessary influence on him. He has the pen power that a writer should have, but he doesn't have the mind and psychological preparation that a writer should have. He writes a lot, but his attitude is only extreme.