Introduction of Luoyang Bridge in Quanzhou?

Quanzhou Luoyang Bridge, also known as Wan 'an Bridge, is a masterpiece of ancient Chinese bridge architecture. Located on the Luoyang River in the northeast of Quanzhou, Fujian, it was founded in the fifth year of Song Dynasty (1053) and the fourth year of Jiayou (1059). It lasted for six years. The bridge is 834 meters long and 7 meters wide, and has 46 piers, all of which are made of huge stones. The structure is firm, the shape is beautiful, and it has a very high level of bridge engineering technology and art, which embodies the high wisdom of the ancient Han working people.

brief introduction

Luoyang Bridge, also known as Wan 'an Bridge, is located at the entrance of Luoyang River in the northeast suburb of the city. It is a world-famous stone bridge in Liangshi Harbour and a national key cultural relic protection unit.

building technology

The bridge construction project is very arduous because of the surging tide and the wide and urgent river channel. So a new bridge-building method was adopted, that is, laying large stones along the middle line of the bridge at the bottom of the river to build an underwater long dike with a width of more than 20 meters and a length of two miles. Then the pier was built on the stone embankment with horizontal stones and vertical stones, which became the pioneer of "raft foundation" in modern bridge engineering. This technology was not adopted by Europeans until the19th century.

In order to make the pier stronger, the method of cultivating "grinding room" is skillfully adopted to connect the cemented stones. This method of strengthening bridges by biology is unique at all times and in all countries. At that time, after the completion of the bridge, the bridge was decorated with many exquisite stone lions, stone pagodas and stone pavilions, and stone statues stood at both ends of the bridge to guard it.

The successful construction of Luoyang Bridge caused a sensation in Quanzhou, which triggered a local bridge-building boom. Ten stone bridges have been built successively, among which Anping Bridge, built on the Jinjiang River, is more magnificent.

constructor

Luoyang Bridge was initiated by Cai Xiang, a great calligrapher in Song Dynasty, when Quanzhou was located. The "Wan 'an Bridge" inscribed by him is a treasure of calligraphy, cherished by calligraphers of all ages, and is now preserved in Caizhonghui Gong Temple at Qiaotou.

"Thirty-five years of autumn earthquake in Wanli, the bridge was smashed and the Dashiqiao fell into the sea. The construction site north of the bridge collapsed 4 feet to the south. Yu Nai built 23 toes, repaired 35 toes, repaired 500 handrails, and added a wind tower to each wing of the town, which made it easy to fold the beams and collect all the pavilions. "

Founder of Luoyang Bridge

The origin of Luoyang bridge

Luoyang Bridge (formerly known as Wan 'an Bridge), the first bay stone bridge in China, is known as the "first bridge on the sea" and is a famous ancient sea-crossing beam stone bridge. It is as famous as Zhao Zhouqiao in the history of Chinese bridges and is known as "Luoyang in the south and Zhaozhou in the north". Mao Yisheng, a famous bridge expert, called it "the first bridge in ancient China". Joseph Needham, a world-famous expert in the history of science and technology, also spoke highly of it. For thousands of years, Cai Xiang, a famous minister in the Northern Song Dynasty, was praised for mentioning Luoyang Bridge, but the actual owner of Luoyang Bridge was Lu.

Luoyang bridge builder

Lu is a human being, and the year of birth and death is unknown. During Peking University's Zhongxiang Mansion (1008-1kloc-0/6), Lu studied with his father at Huyan Temple in Tuling, and his nephew Cai Xiang followed him. Xi "I ended up with Chu Shi, who lived a wonderful life and helped many people and things". His greatest contribution in life was to preside over the construction of Luoyang Bridge.

The ancient Wan 'an Ferry, on the Luoyang River at the junction of Hui 'an and Jinjiang in the north of Quanzhou, is the only place for officials and gentry to travel from south to north. Because the Luoyang River is choppy and fast-flowing, people describe it as "the water is five miles wide and deep" (berthing house), and say that "it is impossible to measure the depth of the stone by tying it down with four or two yarns and sinking it into the river". Since the late Tang Dynasty, Quanzhou has become an important foreign trade port in China. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Quanzhou Bay was full of sails, and merchants from home and abroad gathered here. Wan 'an Ferry has greatly hindered the economic and cultural exchanges in Fujian, and building a bridge has become a very urgent task. In April of the fifth year of the Northern Song Dynasty (1053), Lu and others took the lead in the preparation, and it was completed in December of the fourth year of Jiayou (1060,65438+10, 16), which lasted more than six years and cost money. More importantly, Cai Xiang, Lu and others brainstormed and solved the problems of bridge construction and foundation reinforcement scientifically. They first cast a large number of large stones along the middle line of the bridge at the bottom of the river to form a low stone embankment across the river as the base of the pier, and then built the pier with a row of horizontal stones. The pier has two sharp ends and the middle is as big as a boat, which can withstand the interactive impact of the upstream river and the downstream tide. The joint of the top row is engraved with a tenon, on which iron is released to connect the row of stones. The middle part at both ends of the pier is slightly bent outward, and the top two layers of stones are picked out to the left and right, so as to widen the pier surface and reduce the span of Liang Shi slab. The creation of this stone foundation is a great breakthrough in the history of bridge construction, which is called mat foundation in modern times. Its scientific and technological innovation methods, such as planting oysters, slowing down water flow and helping to lay a solid foundation, are also highly praised by people. Most of the stone bridges built in the Song Dynasty in southern Fujian imitated this practice.

After the completion of Luoyang Bridge, "crossing the sea, boarding a boat, being a disciple, easy to be in danger and safe, and the people are not good." Luoyang River, which has always been regarded as a dangerous road by pedestrians, is a flying bridge, with smooth north and south. Pedestrians passing through Ling Bo are like crossing a river. It has greatly promoted the political, economic and cultural development of Fujian. When the bridge was completed, Cai Xiang, as the magistrate of Quanzhou, "feasted on it". In Cai Xiang's famous Wan 'an Bridge, it is impressively recorded that the first person who worked for it was Lu. Later generations remembered the merits of people who built bridges such as Lu, and built a marble monument in Cai Xiang Temple of Luoyang Bridge, engraved with the names of landing people.

Lu did not enter the official career, but he was enthusiastic about social welfare undertakings, benefiting the local area and future generations, which will be immortal.

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