What does it mean to cast a flat lake with gold, discerning eyes and craftsmanship?

Ingenuity: exquisite thinking, mostly refers to creative ideas in literature and art. This word comes from the extended meaning of zongjiang, which means a master with profound attainments, outstanding achievements, and who is respected by everyone. The word "craftsman" in "original" is a knowing word. The outer frame "匚" is a square box with the mouth facing right that can hold carpentry tools. The "jin" in it is the ax used for carpentry, so in ancient times only carpenters were called "carpenters". The original meaning of the word "carpenter" is carpentry, also known as "carpenter", such as: "The carpenter's stone transports the wind like a wind." ("Zhuangzi Xu Wugui") In other words: A carpenter named Shi swung his ax and made a strong wind. But later on, people with specialized skills could be called "craftsmen". For example, "Han Feizi Dingfa" said: "A craftsman has a skillful hand, and a doctor is a master of medicine." The general idea is: Those craftsmen are all skilled in medicine. He is a person with dexterous hands, and only a doctor can dispense medicine. The word "craftsmanship" is often used in ancient poems and essays, such as Zhang Hu's poem "Inscribed on Wang Youcheng's Landscape Barrier": "The essence is at the end of the pen, but it is difficult to be craftsmanship at hand."

The word "craftsmanship" here still means "creation", It refers to the conception in literature and art. In addition, "craftsmanship" also means "craftsmanship", for example, it is also said to be "craftsmanship" and so on.

Jin Yuan Hong's "Preface to Famous Officials of the Three Kingdoms": "The people cannot govern themselves, so a king is established to rule them; a wise king cannot rule alone, so he has ministers to assist him.

However, After three or five years of success, successive generations have inherited the foundation, bowed to each other and fought with each other, and the literary virtues and martial arts are all attributed to Tao Jun, the master of martial arts, and the most talented person Ji Xi."

"Sui Shu·Rulin Biography·Bao Kai" : "At that time, the scholars of "Han Shu" regarded Xiao Bao and Xiao Bao as the master craftsmen."

Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty's "Eight Sorrow Poems·Former Secretary Shaojian Wu Gong Su Gong Yuanming": "Shejun Dongtang policy, collection of master craftsmen." Selected. The title has not yet been completed, but Yike has been greatly explained."

Volume 1 of "Suihantang Poetry" by Zhang Jie of Song Dynasty: "Wei Suzhou's poems have high rhyme and clear spirit; Wang Youcheng's poems have good style. Although they are all masters of five-character poems, they have their own gains and losses." Shenfu of the Qing Dynasty wrote in "Six Chapters of Fusheng: Music in the Boudoir": "In the Tang Dynasty, poetry was used to recruit scholars, and the masters of poetry must be masters. "Recommend Li Du."

Han Yu of the Tang Dynasty's "Jin Xue Jie": "The big wood is the locust, the thin wood is the cypress, the dwarf is the dwarf, the lin is the wedge, and each of them is suitable for building a house. , the work of a craftsman is called a carpenter who can carve out pillars and beams, a soil craftsman who can dig holes and ridges, and a historian who can carve documents. Wang Shiyuan of the Tang Dynasty's "Preface to the Collected Works of Meng Haoran": "The writing does not follow ancient times, but is unique and ingenious."

Ji Yougong of the Song Dynasty's "Chronicles of Tang Poems" Volume 23: Do not examine Confucianism in learning, but focus on the essence; Not based on ancient times, but with unique ingenuity. Zhang Hu's poem "Inscribed on Wang Youcheng's Landscape Barrier": "The essence is at the end of the pen, and it is difficult to be ingenious at such a distance."

Hu Yinglin of the Ming Dynasty's "Shi Sou·Gu Ti Zhong": "The poems of the two Han Dynasties are the best in the past and the present. It's not just the songs in the lanes, but the ingenuity of Mei, Li, Zhang, and Cai has not been refined, but the divine craftsmanship is prepared by heaven." Volume 1 of Kuang Zhouyi's "The Continuation of Hui Feng Ci Hua": "Everyone." The tones of the words are all thirty-three characters, and they match the double tones of the letters. There is no polyphony. The author must rely on an expert in tones, and he also put a lot of effort into it. "Zhou Keqin's "Xu Mao and His Daughters" 5: "Exquisite arrangements, no waste. A small corner, careful management, all showing the master's ingenuity. "Ke Yan's "Strange Letters: Songs Composed by Sunshine and Wind and Rain": "The director and actors have uniquely started from life...successfully portrayed the character of Xiaoqiang. The carpenter has many tools, including axes, adzes, saws, rulers, ink fountains, planers, chisels, drills, files, claw hammers, etc. The ink fountain is a tool used by carpenters to draw straight lines. Pull out the ink line from the ink fountain, place it on the wood, tighten it, lift it up, and the ink line will take advantage of its elasticity to draw the ink line. Do not allow others to tamper with the carpenter's toolbox. In Hanyin County, the woodware industry is divided into Da Mo and Xiao Mo. Da Mo is engaged in building houses and building bridges; Xiao Mo is engaged in making furniture and agricultural tools. Or it can be divided into flat ink, curved ink, round ink, longevity ink, etc. Humo is engaged in making furniture; Benmo is engaged in craft carving and making agricultural tools; Yuanmo is engaged in making daily utensils such as barrels and basins and production tools such as dung buckets; Shoumo specializes in making coffins and materials. The techniques of small ink and bent ink are more refined; although the workmanship of large ink is rougher, it is necessary to understand the drawing and the size of the ink line is clear; round ink has strong fluidity and can be made in all directions. The stone carving craftsmanship of Fuping County, Shaanxi Province has a long history and has long been famous. It is said that many of the stone carvings in the Forest of Steles in Xi'an were made by Fuping stoneworkers. There is a folk song circulating in Fuping: "It is difficult for a painter to paint a ceiling, a carpenter to make a turret, and a stonemason to carve a phoenix head.

"In addition, the jade carvings in Lantian County, the ink jade in Zizhou County, the slates in Qingjian County, and the stone lions in Suide County are all famous products of Shaanxi Province. Plasterers in Zihe County should avoid rinsing their tools with water after finishing their work. , but dry cleaning. They believe that washing tools means that the work is done, and there will be no more work in the future. When the plasterer makes a kang, the length and width of the kang must not be separated from "seven", which means "kang". Never leave your wife (7)". Carpenters, stonemasons, and plasterers all respect Lu Ban as their ancestor. Lu Ban was a skilled craftsman from the State of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period. His surname was Gongshu and his given name was Ban. Since "Ban" has the same pronunciation as "Ban", people generally call him Lu Ban. According to legend, he invented wooden tools, ladders for sieges, and stone weights for grinding flour. Later generations respected him and attributed some exquisite ancient buildings to him. For example, Qinan Village, Weifeng Township, Hu County. The Jiyuan Hall, with its rigorous structure, is a masterpiece of small wooden architecture in China. It was built during the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty and had nothing to do with Lu Ban. However, people think it was built by Lu Ban and call it "Gongshu Hall" among the craftsmen of Shaanxi Province. , there are many vivid and interesting stories about the master Lu Ban "showing his sage" and spreading his skills, and there is no doubt about the authenticity of these stories. It is said that Lu Ban's nickname is "Double", so the plasterers should avoid walking in pairs when building houses and installing tiles. In the old days, it was said that on the seventh day of the fifth lunar month, which was Lu Ban's birthday, craftsmen would hold a "Lu Ban Meeting" according to their work types to solemnly worship the ancestor. Burning incense and kneeling before the wooden master of the throne, he prayed to the ancestor to bless him and keep him safe in all seasons. Blacksmiths, coppersmiths, silversmiths and small furnace makers all regard Taishang Laojun as their ancestor. Taishang Laojun refers to the philosopher Laozi in the Spring and Autumn Period. From the Three Kingdoms In the Jin Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty, Laozi was gradually deified by Taoists and became the main god of Taoism. The Danding sect of Taoism claimed that as long as you eat the elixir, you will live forever and even become an immortal. For the work of refining elixirs, they made up the mythical story of Laozi's elixir making, and regarded Laozi as the ancestor god of elixirs. Refining elixirs cannot be done without the furnace, and blacksmiths and others cannot do without the furnace. When they were looking for the ancestor, they chose him. Lao Tzu, who was originally not related to him, regarded Cai Lun, an eunuch of the Eastern Han Dynasty, as his ancestor. Cai Lun, whose name was Jingzhong, was a member of the Imperial Guard during the reign of Emperor An and was granted the title of Marquis of Longting in 105 AD. Using bark, hemp heads, rags and old fishing nets as raw materials, he made practical and cheap paper, known as "Cai Hou Paper" in history. Later generations believed that he was the patron saint of China's vinegar mill. It's Jiang Ziya, known as the "God of Vinegar Soup". There is a local story: After Jiang Ziya led the Zhou army to overthrow the Shang Dynasty, he was granted the title of god by the order of the Emperor of Heaven. However, he only focused on consecrating others and forgot to consecrate himself. Being occupied by others, he had no choice but to become the God of Vinegar Soup. In Xianyang and Baoji areas, he was the wife of Jiang Ziya. According to legend, she was also the inventor of vinegar. At this time, he lit three sticks of incense, a stick of wax, and a yellow table. The purpose was to invite the gods to bless the winery with a sweet taste. He was the king of the Xia Dynasty, Shaokang, whose surname was Si. "Wen Jie Zi" writes: "In ancient times, Shaokang first made brooms and wine. Shaokang, Du Kang also. "However, the folk opinions in Shaanxi Province are different from this. Baishui County Winery believes that Du Kang, whose courtesy name is Zhongning, was born in the Zhou Dynasty in Kangjiaweizui Village in this county. There is a clear spring in the village, and it is said that Dukang used it when making wine. Because of the water, it is called "Dukangquan". The dyeing house is dedicated to "Gexian" or "Mei and Ge two immortals". Mei, who was born in the late Western Han Dynasty, studied in Chang'an and later became the Nanchang Wei and lived in seclusion. A biography of him was written in the "Book of Han". Ge refers to Ge Hong, an alchemist and medical scientist in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He wrote books such as "Baopuzi" and "The Legend of Immortals". Later generations said that both of them achieved enlightenment and became immortals. In the old days, there was a "Meige Meeting" in Ankang and other places, which was held on March 16th every year to worship the two great immortals. He was a military strategist during the Warring States Period. He led the Yan army to conquer Qi. According to folklore, he was the inventor of tofu. Zhang Fei, named Yide, was said in the novel "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" during the Three Kingdoms period. Before joining the army with Liu Bei and Guan Yu, the butchers held sacrifices to Zhang Fei on July 13th every year. If only Zhang Fei was sacrificed, it was called "Zhang Ye Hui"; "Yihui". The cobblers and shoemakers have Sun Bin as their ancestor. He was a military strategist during the Warring States Period and served as a military advisor in the Qi State. It is said that the soldiers of the Qi State originally wore straw sandals and wooden shoes, which were extremely inconvenient for marching and fighting. Sun Bin ordered them to wear leather and cloth. shoes. Therefore, he is regarded as the ancestor of the leather and shoemaking industry.

Every year on August 18th, a gathering is held to offer sacrifices, called the "Sunzu Meeting", to pray for protection. It is forbidden to perform "Five Thunder Formation" when the shoe store performs guild operas. The sewing industry has the legendary Yellow Emperor as its founder. The Yellow Emperor, surnamed Ji and named Xuanyuan, lived at the end of primitive society and was the ancestor of the Chinese nation. Today, on Qiaoshan Mountain in Huangling County, there is also his mausoleum and the Xuanyuan Temple built in his memory. In ancient times, people did not know how to sew clothes, but strung leaves and animal skins together and draped them on their bodies to keep out the cold. It is said that during the reign of the Yellow Emperor, many important inventions were made in China, one of which was clothing. In this way, Huangdi became the founder of sewing shops. The people of Luonan County believe that the Yellow Emperor's birthday is September 25th, and the sewing industry in the county gathers on this day to worship "Ancestor Xuanyuan". In some other counties, during the festival on September 16th, people dressed in costumes took the opportunity to exchange costume patterns and hold banquets during gatherings. The ancestors worshiped by barbers in different places are different. In southern Shaanxi, there are Luo Zuzhen, Chen Qizi and Lin Chuanwu. According to legend, Luozu attained enlightenment on the 13th day of the seventh month, and this day became the day for barbers to worship the ancestor. During the sacrifices in Luonan County, the couplets on both sides of the shrine are written as follows: "On the 13th day of the seventh lunar month, those who have attained the Tao, the Lingshan event will be passed down forever." After the barbers paid obeisance to the shrine and burned incense, they had a banquet together. , we must have fun before we disperse. The barbers in Yaoxian County and other places have Lu Dongbin, one of the "Eight Immortals", as their ancestor. Lu Dongbin's name was Chunyang, and they called him "Chunyang Patriarch". In addition, it is said that Emperor Xuanyuan invented the mirror and tweezers, so he became the ancestor of barbers in some places. The silk industry has Lei Zu as its founder. She was the daughter of the legendary Xiling clan. She later married Emperor Xuanyuan and invented the method of raising silkworms and making silk. Since the Northern Zhou Dynasty, she has been worshiped by the government as "Xian Silkworm", that is, the Silkworm God. Folk silk workers also worship her. The founders of the ceramic industry include Berlin, Yu Shun, Laozi, Lei Gong, etc. People call them the "Kiln Gods". Berlin is one of the kiln gods in Huangbao Town, Tongchuan City. According to the "Deyinghou Stele" of the Huangbao Kiln Temple in the Northern Song Dynasty, he was an expert in porcelain making during the reign of Emperor Mu of the Jin Dynasty. During the Yonghe reign of Emperor Mu, he came to Huangbao and found that the mountains and rivers in this area were beautiful and the vegetation was dense, so he settled down temporarily. At that time, although Huangbao had begun to produce porcelain, the quality of the products was poor and sales were poor, so the lives of the kiln workers were very poor. Berlin passed on his porcelain-making technology to the kiln workers in Huangbao without reservation, promoting the development of the porcelain-making industry here. The kiln workers were very grateful to Berlin and built his ancestral hall in Huangbao in memory of this porcelain master. He and Deyinghou, the mountain god of Huangbao, were listed as the local kiln gods. Yushun, Laozi and Lei Gong are the kiln gods of Chenlu Town, Tongchuan City. Yushun, the legendary ancient emperor, had a surname of Yao and a given name of Chonghua. It is said that when he was young, he made pottery. "Han Feizi·Nanyi" wrote: "The pottery of Dongyi was poor, but Shun went to Taoyan, and the next year he had his utensils in prison." In addition, "Historical Records: The Chronicles of the Five Emperors" also said that Shun "made pottery by the river, and the utensils by the river were all Not bitter." Therefore, he was revered as the kiln god. According to legend, Lao Tzu used a stove to make elixirs, and the porcelain maker couldn't do without the stove, so he also designated Lao Tzu as his patron saint. Thunder God is said to be the inventor of the bowl. In the kiln temple in Chenlu Town, Yu and Shun are in the middle; Laozi is on the left, in charge of fire; Lei Gong is on the right, in charge of utensils. There are also some vivid and interesting folk stories about kiln gods circulating in Tongchuan, and these legends have given rise to unique customs. For example, it is said that when Lei Gong invented the bowl, he went to other villages to steal crucible soil because he could not find suitable raw materials. As a result, a rule was formed in the porcelain kiln: "steal" and "thief" are not allowed. If you find someone stealing porcelain, you cannot catch him on the spot, but wait for the thief to walk out of the door before chasing him. Otherwise, it will be considered as exposing the scars of Thunder God and disrespecting Thunder God. According to legend, Yu Shun's nickname was "Wu", so the word "Wu" was taboo in the porcelain kilns, such as "Wuda" ??(there), "Wubi" (that's not), etc. The salt industry has Guan Zhong as its ancestor. He was a politician in Qi State during the Spring and Autumn Period. Pen makers regard Meng Tian as their ancestor. He was a general of the Qin Dynasty who oversaw the construction of the Great Wall. It is said that he invented the writing brush. In fact, before him, China had already used calligraphy brushes. The chef has Yi Ya as his ancestor. He was a close minister of Duke Huan of Qi during the Spring and Autumn Period and was good at seasoning.