The slogan of Shenzhou XII expedition is very short.

At this moment, the combination of Shenzhou XII manned spacecraft and Long March II F- 12 carrier rocket is quietly standing in Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. According to the plan, it will go out again to carry out manned missions and send three astronauts to the space station and the core module of China.

On April 29th, the space station and the core module were successfully launched, and the on-orbit assembly and construction of China Space Station was in full swing. As the first spacecraft in the construction stage of China's manned space station, the launch of Tianhe core module means that China people have a "home" in space.

Since September 2 1 and 1 1 were established, shenzhou spaceship, Tiangong-1 target aircraft, Tiangong-2 space laboratory, Tianzhou-1 cargo spacecraft, Tianhe core cabin of space station, Tianzhou-2 cargo spacecraft ... China's manned spaceflight industry has finally entered the space station through self-reliance and overcoming difficulties.

Manned spaceflight project is a trans-century national key project with the largest system composition and the most complicated technology in China's space history.

1September 2, 1992 1 day, the Central Committee deliberated and adopted the Development Plan of China's Manned Space Project (code 921project), which defined the "three-step" development strategy of China's manned space flight.

The first step is to launch a manned spacecraft, build a preliminary supporting experimental manned spacecraft project and carry out space application experiments;

The second step is to break through the rendezvous and docking technology of manned spacecraft and spacecraft, launch a space laboratory, and solve the space application problem with a certain scale and short-term care;

The third step is to build a space station to solve the problem of large-scale and long-term space application.

1999165438+1On October 20th, the Shenzhou-1 spacecraft was launched by the Long March II F carrier rocket from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center and entered the scheduled orbit. 165438+1October 2 1 day, the return capsule of Shenzhou-1 spacecraft successfully landed in the predetermined area of Siziwangqi, Inner Mongolia.

This is the first flight test of manned spaceflight project, aiming at testing the performance and reliability of launch vehicle, verifying the correctness of key technologies and system design of spacecraft, and the coordination between the whole engineering system including ground facilities and equipment such as launch site, TT&C communication and landing site.

On June/KOOC-0/0, 2003, at 8: 40 Beijing time/KOOC-0/0, Yang Liwei, the first astronaut trained by China, greeted people all over the world from space and displayed the five-star red flag and the United Nations flag side by side in the cabin (data photo, taken on the big screen of Beijing Aerospace Command and Control Center). Xinhua News Agency

On June 5438+10/October 65438+May, 2003, China astronaut Yang Liwei was launched into the scheduled orbit by the Long March II F carrier rocket carrying the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft. After flying in orbit for 2 1 hour, it returned safely on 16, successfully achieving the mission goal of "successful launch, accurate measurement and control, normal operation and safe return". The Millennium dream has come true, and China has become the third country in the world to independently master manned space technology.

Yang Liwei, the first airman in China, still remembers the day when he went to war on behalf of his motherland.

The spacecraft is expected to launch at 9: 00 am sharp, and the entry time is 6: 00 15. At that time, the clock pointed to 6 o'clock in the morning, and there were 15 minutes before entering the cabin. Ten minutes is very long for Yang Liwei.

At that time, he was already on the launch platform more than 50 meters high. The platform is very narrow, so there is no other work to do. Besides him, there were three people on the scene: a teacher, an engineer and a doctor. A few people were silent, only hearing the mechanical sound from the tower. The rocket has been filled with 430 tons of fuel, which is equivalent to a giant bomb, and these four people are the people standing at the top of the bomb.

There are several cameras pointed at them in the distance, and the atmosphere is a little stagnant, and everyone is very nervous. At this time, in order to ease the atmosphere, one of the staff suggested telling a joke to Yang Liwei, but no one could tell it.

After a while, the engineer in charge of closing the hatch spoke. He asked Yang Liwei, "Do you know what the engineer who closed the hatch for Soviet astronaut Gagarin is doing now?"

Yang Liwei replied, "I really don't know."

The engineer said, "He is now the curator of the Russian Space Museum."

At 6 o'clock 15, Yang Liwei received the order to enter the cabin.

After entering the cabin, it took him more than ten minutes to complete the procedure of receiving the spacecraft and handed over the confirmation form to the engineer.

Before closing the hatch, the engineer said to Yang Liwei, "See you tomorrow, Liwei."

Yang Liwei smiled and replied, "curator, I'll see you tomorrow."

Behind a few short questions and answers is silent tacit understanding and trust. After Yang Liwei successfully returned, he met the engineer again at the welcoming ceremony. They smiled and hugged each other to celebrate the complete success of China's first manned flight. Yang Liwei said to the engineer, "Curator, we meet again."

This engineer is called "curator" by Yang Liwei.

Time came to June, 2005 10. On June 6th, 2002, two astronauts, Fei and Nie Haisheng, took the Shenzhou VI spacecraft and were sent into the scheduled orbit by the Long March II F carrier rocket. 10 June 16, the Shenzhou VI return capsule returned safely. That mission achieved the mission objectives of "successful launch, normal flight, safe return and astronauts' healthy exit", broke through and mastered the key technology of manned spacecraft's "multi-person and multi-day" on-orbit flight, accumulated valuable experience of people staying in space for a long time, and further improved the reliability and safety of the whole engineering system.

Three years later, on September 25th, 2008, three astronauts, Zhai Zhigang, Liu Boming and Jing Haipeng, took the Shenzhou VII spacecraft and were sent into the scheduled orbit by the Long March II F carrier rocket. On September 27th, astronaut Zhai Zhigang successfully conducted the first extravehicular activity in China. This mission achieved the mission objectives of "accurate orbit entry, normal operation, successful extravehicular activity and safe and healthy return". In that mission, China broke through and mastered the technology of space extravehicular activities, and achieved another major leap in the development of space technology.

This is Jing Haipeng's first manned space mission. At that time, he didn't know that he would fly into space on Shenzhou 9 and Shenzhou 11 for the second and third time.

After three manned space missions, Jing Haipeng got better every time. He once talked openly about the feeling of flying three times. The first time was "excitement", the second time was "happiness" and the third time was "enjoyment".

The focus of the Shenzhou VII mission is to get out of the cabin. As early as after the Shenzhou VI mission, Jing Haipeng formulated the "Devil Training Plan", and spent three years studying the theory seriously, especially in the theory and operation skills of low-pressure cabin and extravehicular service. After a long and arduous effort, he finally joined hands with his comrades Zhai Zhigang and Liu Boming to dream of space in 2008. At that time, it had been 10 years since he joined the astronaut team.

After ten years of hard work, it flew into the sky, but Jing Haipeng did not dare to slack off: "It is too easy for people to expand." After the victory of the mission, the first thing he did was to "return to zero", return to zero in grades and return to zero in mentality. The implementation of the Shenzhou-9 mission is facing the first manual rendezvous and docking in China, which is a brand-new challenge for all astronauts and coaches.

According to the training plan, during the training of the same subject, each astronaut will arrange docking training at most twice a week, each time lasting about 1 hour. Jing Haipeng's plan for himself is that no matter how busy and tired the training is, he must devote himself to 1 hour training every night and 1 half-day training every weekend. In this way, from 2009 to 20 12, he had practiced more than 2,000 times before the "Shenjiu" task assessment, which was twice as many times as stipulated in the textbook outline.

Hard work pays off. 201June 16, Jing Haipeng led Liu Yang and Liu Wang into space again, realizing their dream of flying for the second time.

After returning to the ground, faced with the sound of "success and failure" around him, Jing Haipeng had his own plan: he would rather be prepared than used, and he would rather be unavailable than prepared. He continued to devote himself to the task of preparing for the "God 11" and was successfully re-elected to the crew.

"Shenzhou XI" mission is the largest number of scientific experiments among all manned space launches in China, and four verification experiments of operating platform devices were arranged, all of which were conducted in simulated weightlessness environment. In the first two experiments, Jing Haipeng and Chen Dong didn't feel anything on the treadmill. They couldn't even walk, so the participants in the sky and underground felt pressure. After repeated training and thinking about the main points, finally, on the space platform of the "God 1 1" mission, the people of the whole country witnessed Jing Haipeng and Chen Dong running freely.

On 20 1 1 September 29th and 201/June 29th, Tiangong-1 target aircraft and Shenzhou-8 spacecraft were successfully launched by the improved Long March II F carrier rocket at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center and accurately put into orbit. On June 3rd165438+1October 4th165438+1October 65438, Tiangong-1 and Shenzhou-8 spacecraft carried out two space rendezvous and docking experiments, both of which were successful, marking a major breakthrough in China's space rendezvous and docking technology.

Since then, in June 2065438+2002, with the close cooperation of two other astronauts, Jing Haipeng and Liu Yang, Shenzhou-9 astronaut Liu Wang successfully docked the Shenzhou-9 spacecraft with the Tiangong-1 target aircraft, and China made a comprehensive breakthrough in manned space flight and mastered the space rendezvous and docking technology.

With the conquest of space rendezvous and docking technology, China's manned spaceflight project is no longer a "one-man show" by shenzhou spaceship, but a "two-person dance" between Shenzhou and Tiangong.

From one person a day to many people for many days, from in-cabin experiments to spacewalks, from short-term stays to medium-term stays ... Key technologies such as round-trip between heaven and earth, extravehicular activities, rendezvous and docking have been mastered one after another, and China's manned space program has been solidly promoted step by step.

On April 29th this year, Tianhe, the core module of China Space Station, was launched and successfully put into orbit, which opened the curtain for the construction of China Space Station. Yang Hong, chief designer of the manned space station system of the Fifth Academy of Aerospace Science and Technology Group and chief designer of the Tianhe core module, said: "The launch of the Tianhe core module is only a new beginning, which is only the first step of the long March. Tianhe core cabin should carry out a number of key technical verifications in orbit, and after verification, it should be assembled and built after on-orbit evaluation. "

According to statistics, in the manned spaceflight project, there are hundreds of institutes and units directly involved, and there are thousands of cooperative units, involving hundreds of thousands of scientific research workers. "It is unthinkable to carry out such a grand project as manned spaceflight without the centralized leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the full cooperation of the whole country." Zhou Jianping, chief designer of manned spaceflight project, once said.

Nowadays, the space station and the core cabin are launched, and the China Space Station "sets up the first building block", followed by the Tianzhou-2 cargo spacecraft, bringing propellant, platform equipment, application load and the needs of astronauts' lives. The forthcoming Shenzhou 12 spacecraft will send Chinese astronauts into space.

Yang Liwei, deputy chief designer of China's manned spaceflight project, previously revealed that the Shenzhou-12 manned spacecraft plans to send three astronauts into space, and they will stay in orbit for three months for extravehicular maintenance, equipment replacement and load science application.

Yang Liwei wrote in Shenzhou 5: "The people of China came to space for the peace and progress of mankind." Nowadays, China people are building their own "space houses".

Witnesses said

On June 5438+10/October 65438+May 2003, Chinese astronaut Yang Liwei successfully traveled back and forth between heaven and earth on the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft. He is the first generation of astronauts trained in China. He is 38 years old and in his prime.

Behind his heroic deeds, there is a little-known 26 seconds. On June 65438+10/October 65438+May 9, 2003, the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft was launched, and the blazing flame pierced the sky. In the eyes of ground personnel, the launch was very smooth, but Yang Liwei felt the impending death.

When the rocket rose to an altitude of 30-40 kilometers, it suddenly had a strong vibration with the spacecraft. Everything in the cabin, including himself, began to shake violently. What's even more frightening is that the vibration superimposed the load of 8 g, and he felt that his eyes were dark and his internal organs seemed to be broken. This is something that Yang Liwei has never experienced in hundreds of trainings on the ground. He once thought he was going to die.

"Hold on, hold on." Yang Liwei gritted his teeth and Zhen seemed to be testing the first space visitor from China. Fortunately, the discomfort quickly eased.

The flight path is difficult, and many unpredictable factors cannot be completely simulated on the ground. Low frequency vibration is one of them. The low-frequency vibration below 1hz in the spacecraft cabin will produce violent vibration with human internal organs, which directly threatens the life safety of astronauts. Although the researchers expected this and took corresponding measures, what Yang Liwei experienced was unexpected.

* * * The vibration lasted for 26 seconds. So short and so long. It's menacing, but it didn't stop Chinese astronauts from conquering space. Deng Zeng, director of the Astronaut Research and Training Center, once commented that 26 seconds is a microcosm of the difficult journey of China's first manned space flight, which shows the bravery and dedication of China astronauts to the country.

As pioneers of manned spaceflight project, astronauts should not only seriously train and complete their tasks, but also be prepared to give their lives at any time.

On September 25th, 2008, Chinese astronauts Zhai Zhigang, Liu Boming and Jing Haipeng embarked on a flight journey in the Shenzhou VII spacecraft. It took them nearly two days to finish the preparations in orbit. On September 27th, Zhai Zhigang opened the door of the spaceship and took the first step of China people in space, becoming the 354th astronaut in the world.

Suddenly, an alarm sounded in the orbital module: "The orbital module is on fire! The orbital module is on fire! " Zhai Zhigang recalled afterwards that he felt his hair stood on end.

Jing Haipeng inspection system on duty in the return cabin, together with Liu Boming, judges the troubleshooting situation and sends a report to the ground. Liu Boming was at a loss for a moment, but he made a decision. According to the plan, Zhai Zhigang wanted to take back a space science experiment sample fixed outside the cabin, but Liu Boming adjusted the steps and handed out the national flag directly. Through TV signals, audiences all over the world witnessed this five-star red flag embroidered by scientific and technological personnel flying in space.

It was proved that this was only an attempted incident.

After returning, the three astronauts expressed their thoughts at that time: "If we can't come back, we will take the photo of jumping the national flag as our farewell."

Chronology of events