Who will talk about the difference between Special Olympics and Paralympic Games?

Special Olympics is an international organization that holds sports training and competitions for more than 6,543,800 mentally retarded children and adults every year.

The purpose of the Special Olympics is: Let's win. But if I can't win, let me be a brave person in the participation.

Our leaders are: Honorary Chairman of Junes Kennedy Shriver, Chairman of Sagent Shriver Board of Directors, Dr. Tonemi P Shriver, President and CEO.

Our task is to constantly give them good opportunities, develop their health level, show courage, experience joy and participate in their families. Other Special Olympics athletes and communities share honor, skills and friendship. Through these, we provide annual physical training and various Olympic sports competitions for mentally retarded children and adults.

Our aim is to make all people with mental defects benefit from participating in the Special Olympics, including improving their health and sports ability, enhancing their self-confidence, actively comforting themselves, enhancing friendship and improving family support. Special Olympics athletes integrate these benefits into daily life, study, work and the surrounding society. When family members learn to appreciate their athletic ability, whoever participates will become stronger. Social volunteers found that these athletes are also good friends, and everyone knows that these mentally retarded people have many talents.

The skill, courage, interest and joy of Special Olympics have no boundaries of geography, nationality, politics, gender, age, race and belief.

The Origin and Development of Special Olympics

From June 65438 to June 0963, Ms. eunice Kennedy shriver, the founder of the Special Olympics in Maryland, USA, held a summer camp for the mentally handicapped and carried out sports and entertainment activities.

1968 In July, the first International Special Olympics was held in Chicago, USA.

196865438+February, special olympics international (SOI) was established.

1988 In February, special olympics international was officially recognized by the International Olympic Committee.

The development of the Special Olympics has been supported and concerned by governments and people all over the world. By 2003, there were more than 150 countries and regions in special olympics international, and the number of mentally handicapped people participating in the Special Olympics increased from the initial 100 to more than 654.38+200,000. The World Special Olympics has successfully held 1 Summer and 7 Winter Games.

Ms. eunice kennedy shriver, the founder of Special Olympics, as the executive vice president of Kennedy Foundation and the founder of Special Olympics, has been devoted to strengthening and improving the quality of life of the mentally disabled for 30 years, enabling them to participate in social life. She is the fifth of the Kennedy couple's nine children. She was born in Brooklyn, Massachusetts, and graduated from Stanford University in California with a degree in social science. After graduation, she worked for the American government in various fields of social work in different capacities. 1957 took over the Kennedy foundation and fought for civil rights for the mentally retarded. Under her leadership, the foundation has made outstanding achievements in medical research and public education. Her work has been internationally recognized and won the highest honor in the United States-the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

Special Olympics

Special olympics international (SOI) is an international organization that provides sports training and competitions for children and adults with mental retardation all over the world. It is also an organization approved by the International Olympic Committee and can independently carry out activities in the name of "Olympics". Over the years, it has been committed to promoting the development of the Special Olympics (Special Olympics) on a global scale. It was founded in 1968 by eunice kennedy shriver, the sister of former US President Kennedy. At present, more than 50 countries and regions have joined special olympics international. At present, Ms. eunice Kennedy shriver is the honorary chairman, and their youngest son, Timothy shriver, is the current chairman and president of the board of directors.

Special olympics international is the governing body of the global Special Olympics, headquartered in Washington, D.C., USA. Responsible for managing and guiding special Olympic activities worldwide, supervising the organization of international and national special Olympic Games and coaches, and providing support and assistance for important development plans, international conferences and training courses. At the same time, special olympics international also has regional leaders' councils, international advisory committees and project rules committees. Adopt useful suggestions from individuals and groups, and constantly develop and improve the articles of association and competition rules. Special olympics international recognizes that different countries operate in seven regions: East Africa, West Africa and South Africa, Asia-Pacific, East Asia, Europe-Eurasia, Latin America, Middle East and North Africa and North America.

Special Olympics mission:

Create conditions and opportunities for people with mental retardation, let them participate in daily Olympic training and competitions, let them show their potential, show their courage, share happiness, exchange skills and enhance friendship with other athletes and families.

The ultimate goal of Special Olympics is:

Provide equal opportunities for people with mental retardation to participate in social life, so that they can become people who are beneficial, accepted and respected by society.

Special Olympics slogan: Try bravely and strive for victory. Let me win, but if I can't win, let me try bravely. )

special olympics

Special olympics international takes the Olympic connotation and tradition as a model, and holds the World Special Olympics every two years, alternating summer and winter. The World Special Olympics is committed to promoting the development of the global Special Olympics. The competition arrangement is reasonable and fair, so that athletes with different abilities have the opportunity to participate. By the end of 2003, 1 1 World Summer Special Olympics and 7 Winter Special Olympics were held in special olympics international.

World Special Olympics website: www.specialolympics.org

Toll Free: 1-800-700-8585

World Summer Special Olympic Games

Number of sessions, date and place, number of athletes, participating countries and regions

11968.7.19-20, Illinois, USA1000 USD.

21970.8.13-152,000 USD.

$2,500 in California, USA

41975.8.07-11Michigan 3500, USA is about 10.

5 1979.8.08- 13 new york 3500 about 20

$4,000 in Louisiana, USA

7 1987.7.3 1-8.8 Indiana, USA 4700 about 70

81991.7.19-27 6000, Minnesota, USA 100.

9 1995.7. 1-9 Connecticut, USA 7 100 about 143.

10 1999.6.26-7.4 North Carolina. Usa 6800 150

1 1 2003 438+0-29 Dublin, Ireland 6000 150.

World Winter Special Olympic Games

Number of sessions, date and place, number of athletes, participating countries and regions

11977.2.5-11Colorado 500, USA

21981.3.8-13 Vermont, USA 600

3 1985.3.24-29 Utah, USA 2 500 14

4 1989.4. 1-8 Nevada, USA 3 500 18

Salzburg, Austria

61997.1.26-2.10 Ontario, Canada 2000 75

7 2001.3.4-11Alaska, USA

Summer Special Olympics Project 18

Water sports (swimming and diving), golf, track and field, gymnastics, basketball, weightlifting, bowling, roller skating, groundball, cycling, softball, equestrian, tennis, football, volleyball, badminton, sailing, table tennis, handball,

Winter Special Olympics Event 7

Alpine skiing, cross-country skiing, hockey, speed skating, figure skating, snowboarding, snowboarding.

The difference between Special Olympics and other sports organizations

There are many similarities between the organization of Special Olympics and other sports organizations, but five characteristics are unique to the Special Olympics:

1. Athletes (or parents) who participate in training or competition are free of charge.

2. Encourage athletes with different abilities to participate and provide various competition opportunities for athletes with different abilities.

3. The grouping of athletes in each ability group will be based on fairness and reasonableness.

4. All the contestants can get honors.

5. Qualifications for participating in higher-level competitions need to be selected according to certain regulations on the basis of Special Olympics competitions in various regions or countries.

Special Olympics qualification.

Anyone with mental retardation over 8 years old can participate in the Special Olympics after registration, which is certified by relevant institutions or doctors. (Physically disabled people without intellectual disabilities are not eligible for the competition. )

The benefits of participating in the special Olympics

Regardless of athletes' ability, age and intellectual disability, disabled people's participation in the Special Olympics will bring obvious benefits.

1. Physically, it can improve coordination and endurance, and improve the function of cardiovascular system.

2. Spirit: Learning the rules, skills and tactics of the competition will cultivate the athletes' self-esteem, self-confidence and pride.

3. Socialization: By cooperating with normal people and peers in the competition, we encourage each other, cultivate interest, increase family honor, improve our understanding of society, and be accepted and recognized by the society when traveling and studying in different places.

Players can get:

1, rich and beneficial life

2. Improve skills and build self-confidence in school, work, family and social life.

3. Improve leadership skills

Member of the Special Olympics countries.

In addition to 52 organizations in the United States, Special Olympics Limited has authorized 149 countries.

milestone

1963.6.

Junes Kennedy Shriver held a summer camp in his home in Maryland for adults and children with mental retardation to explore their abilities in various sports and physical activities.

1968.7.20.

The Kennedy family, together with Parker in Chicago, planned and hosted the first International Special Olympics Summer Games, which was held in Sommerfeld, Chicago. 1000 mentally retarded athletes from 26 states and Canada participated in track and field, floor exercise and water sports.

1968. 12.

According to the laws of the District of Columbia, Special Olympics Limited is a non-profit charity, the Disabled People's Association, the Special Children's Committee and the American Association for the Mentally Retarded. According to the Olympic tradition and spirit, it guarantees to do its best to provide sports training and sports competitions for the mentally retarded.

1970.8. 13- 15.

The Second International Special Olympics Summer Games was held in Chicago, Illinois, with 2,000 athletes from all 50 states, including the District of Columbia, France and Puerto Rico.

1972.8. 13- 18.

The 3rd International Special Olympics Summer Games was held in Roserez University, California, with 2,500 participants.

1975.8.7- 1 1.

The 4th International Special Olympics Summer Games was held in the Central University of Michigan in Princeton, Michigan, with 320 athletes from 65,438+00 countries participating. The game was broadcast to the whole country through the "Sports Grand View" of CBS.

1977.2.5- 1 1.

The first Winter Special Olympics was held in Steamboat Springs, Colorado. More than 500 athletes took part in skiing and skating competitions. CBS, ABC and NBC TV networks reported the Games.

1979.8.8- 13.

The 5th Summer Special Olympics was held in new york State University in Brookport. 3,500 athletes from American states and more than 20 countries participated in the competition.

1980- 198 1

Special Olympics held a coach training and certification program and printed the first set of sports skill instruction manuals.

198 1.3.8- 13.

The second Winter Games of Special Olympics were held in the villages of Smuggler's Notch and Stowe, Vermont, and more than 600 alpine skiers, track skiers and skaters participated.

1983.7. 12- 18.

The 6th Summer Special Olympics was held in Louisiana State University. More than 60,000 people attended the opening ceremony, and about 4,000 athletes participated in the competition.

1985.3.24-29.

Athletes from 14 countries participated in the Third Special Olympics Winter Games held in Park City, Utah.

1986.9.

The International Special Olympics Year was initiated by the United Nations in new york with the slogan "Special Olympics-Uniting the World", which reached its climax at the Special Olympics International Summer Games in 1987.

1987.7.

More than 30,000 law enforcement officials from various states and seven countries ran 26,000 miles in the Special Olympics law enforcement torch race. 1987 the torch run raised $20,000.

1987.7.3 1-8.8.

Notre Dame University and St. Mary's College in South Bend, Indiana hosted the Seventh Summer Special Olympics. More than 4,700 athletes from more than 70 countries participated in the biggest amateur sports event in 1987. This sports meeting is illustrated by sports pictures and time reports, and watched by more than 65.438+0.5 billion viewers around the world.

1987. 10.

Jimmy and Vicky Owen; M Records and Bobby Shriver released a very special Christmas record. This record features festival music, sung by the best-selling performers, and earns profits for the Special Olympics around the world.

1988.2.

The International Olympic Committee signed a historic decision to establish a special Olympics.

1988.7.

At the annual meeting of Special Olympics held in Reno, Nevada, the unified sports of Special Olympics were formulated.

1989.4. 1-8.

The 4th Winter Special Olympics was held in Reno, Nevada, California, USA, with more than 1000 athletes from 18 countries.

1990.2. 1 1.

ABC's TV program "Life goes on", the first actor with mental defects in Golden Theater, produced an hour-long program for Special Olympics.

1990.2. 14.

Sargent shriver announced a historic decision that the Soviet Union would participate in the Special Olympics. Special Olympics is the first charitable organization in the Soviet Union to implement such procedures at the local and national levels.

1990.7.20-27.

The 3rd European Summer Special Olympics was held in Strathclyde, Scotland. 2,400 athletes participated in 8 official events and 5 performance events representing 30 European countries.

199 1.7. 19-27.

The 8th Special Olympics World Summer Games (whose official name was changed from 199 1 year ago to Special Olympics World Summer Games or Winter Games) was held in St. Paul and Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, with 6,000 athletes from more than 100 countries participating, creating the19/year.

1992.9.30.

The 25th anniversary commemorative meeting of the Special Olympics was held at the United Nations in new york, and the 25th anniversary tourism exhibition was officially held before the national tour.

1993.3.20-27.

The 5th Special Olympics Winter Games were held in Salzburg and Salzburg, and 1600 athletes from more than 30 countries participated in five winter events, which was the first time that the Winter Games were held outside North America.

1995.7. 1-9.

More than 7,000 athletes from 65,438+043 countries participated in 265,438+0 events in New Haven, Connecticut.

1997.2. 1-8.

About 2000 athletes from 73 countries held the 6th Special Olympics Winter Games in Toronto/collingwood, Ontario, which was the biggest winter sports event in 1997.

1998.7.20.

Special Olympics celebrates 30 years of heroes and introduces 12 30-year-old global postman.

1998. 12. 17.

President Clinton and first lady Hillary Clinton held a Christmas concert at the White House entitled "Special Christmas from Washington, D.C." to celebrate the 30th anniversary of the Special Olympics. This event marked the first time that the President of the United States held a special Olympic Games in the White House, and it was also the first time that the actors of the successful record A Very Special Christmas got together to perform.

1999.6.26-7.4.

The 10th Summer Special Olympics was held in Raleigh, Durham and Chapel Hill, North Carolina. 7000 athletes representing 150 countries participated in 19 events.

2000. 1. 16.

ABC's TV program Disney's Beautiful World Movie.

The Story of Loretta claiborne is the first prime-time TV movie about Special Olympics athletes.

I. A Brief History of Paralympic Games

Sports for the disabled can be traced back to the early games for the disabled. During the First World War, the disabled soldiers in European battlefields organized rehabilitation activities, which was the embryonic form of the development of modern disabled sports. 1948 stoke, England? The National Center for Spinal Cord Injury in mandeville held a sports competition for the disabled. At that time, only 16 disabled soldiers in a wheelchair attended. Since then, the sports meeting has been held once a year. 1952, due to the participation of Dutch athletes, the sports meeting evolved into an international sports activity.

1960, followed by the Summer Olympic Games, about 400 athletes from 23 countries in Europe and America gathered in Rome. Italy hosted the World Games for the Disabled for the first time, when there were eight sports.

1976, Handicap International Award Stoke? The mandeville Games merged with the World Paralympic Games, and the first International Paralympic Games was held in Toronto, Canada, with more than 65,438+0,000 disabled athletes from more than 40 countries participating. 1983, the international Olympic Committee decided: starting from the 1984 summer Olympic games, the disabled competition was established for the first time. Since 1988, the disabled project of the Winter and Summer Olympic Games has been listed as the permanent project of this project; Cities that bid for the Olympic Games must also bid for the Paralympic Games; Within one month after the Olympic Games, the Paralympic Games will be held in the Olympic venues of the host city.

Since 1960,1Summer Paralympics (see attached table for details) and 7 Winter Paralympics have been held.

Schedule: Records of previous Paralympic Games

Number of participating countries (regions)/host cities.

No. 1960 Rome, Italy 23/400

No.2 1964 Tokyo, Japan 22/390

Tel Aviv 3rd Street 1968 29/750

No.4 Heidelberg, Germany 1972 44/ 1000

No.5 1976 Toronto, Canada 42/ 1600

No.6 Anam, Netherlands 1980, 42/2500.

No.7 1984 stoke, England? Mandeville, NY 42/4080, USA.

No.8 1988 Seoul, Korea 6 1/3053

No.9 1992 Barcelona, Spain 82/3020

Tenth 1996 Atlanta, USA 103/3 195

The 11th 2000 Sydney, Australia 123/3843

12nd Athens, Greece 2004 130/4000 (estimated)

Paralympics also left a brilliant record, which can be compared with the Olympic Games. For example, the record of the Olympic Games1000 meter sprint is 9.84 seconds for Canadian donovan bailey, while the record of the Paralympic Games is 10.72 seconds for Nigerian Ajibola Adoye, which is almost the same. In addition, the Paralympic weightlifting event also surpassed the Olympic weightlifting record with the score of 12kg.

Two. 12 Athens Paralympic Games

Emblem mascot

1. Preparations for the Athens Paralympic Games

12 the Athens paralympic games will be held in September, 2004 17 to 28. From the International Paralympic Games (IPC) and the 2004 Athens Paralympic Games, we know that Greece has made relatively smooth progress in accommodation, transportation and media services so far.

After the Summer Olympic Games, the Athens Olympic Organizing Committee has been transformed into the Paralympic Organizing Committee. The Olympic Village and Paralympic Games venues will fully meet the special needs of the disabled, and there is no need to build any more projects.

The 2004 Athens Paralympic Games is a sports event second only to the Olympic Games. The Paralympic Games plan to use 19 Olympic venues, which will be adjusted according to the needs of Paralympic athletes. Athens will provide the Paralympic Games with the same level of service guarantee as the Olympic Games. At that time, the Athens Olympic Organizing Committee will invite disabled athletes and disabled sports experts as members, and set up a special department to take charge of the Paralympic Games.

The transformation from the Olympic Village to the Paralympic Village will provide a safe and comfortable environment for athletes to compete in the best condition. Athens Paralympic Village (also known as Olympic Village) is located in Acharnes, on the northwest edge of Athens Basin, covering an area of 124 hectares, i.e. 124000 m2. Paralympic village consists of residential area and downtown. During the competition, athletes and coaches from all over the world will be provided with residential areas, and the city center will provide them with various functions and needs, such as restaurants, information centers, sports fields, shopping and so on. The residential area mainly includes 19 366 apartment buildings with different architectural styles, that is, 2,292 houses,17,420 beds. The total use area is 254,000m2, and there is another basement with an area of 86,000m2. During the Olympic Games, there will be a free minibus specially designed for disabled athletes to transport athletes and coaches to and from the residential areas and restaurants in the Olympic Village.

The Olympic transportation system consists of urban expressways, expressways and their connecting lines connecting the Paralympic Village and the competition venues to ensure the safe and convenient transportation for athletes and officials. The time from the Olympic Village to the competition venues is 5- 10 minutes. The Paralympic family, including members of the International Paralympic Committee, presidents and secretaries-general of national and regional Paralympic Committees, members of committees of the International Paralympic Committee, guests and staff of the International Paralympic Committee, will stay at the Hilton Hotel, the headquarters hotel of the Paralympic Games.

Step 2 participate

Athens Paralympic Games has 19 events. They are archery, track and field, bocce, cycling, equestrian, five-a-side, seven-a-side, gateball and judo. Weightlifting, rowing, shooting, sailing, table tennis, volleyball, wheelchair basketball, wheelchair fencing, wheelchair rugby and wheelchair. Among these events, 15 is the same as or similar to the Athens Olympic Games, and the other four events, namely lawn bowling, gateball, weightlifting and wheelchair rugby, are unique to the Paralympic Games. Up to now, the Paralympic Committees of about 65,438+030 countries have confirmed their participation in the 2004 Paralympic Games. * * About 4,000 athletes, 2,000 coaches, 1000 engineers and technicians, 2,500 paralympic staff, 3,000 news media representatives and15,000 volunteers signed up for the 2004 paralympic games.

Two. China and Paralympic Games

1, a brief history of China's participation in the Paralympic Games

(1)1984 In June, China sent a Paralympic delegation composed of 24 disabled athletes for the first time to participate in the Seventh Paralympic Games held in Nassau County, New York, USA. Ping Yali, a blind girl from Beijing, won the gold medal in the women's B2 long jump, achieving a "zero breakthrough" for China people in the Olympic history. In this Paralympic Games, the China delegation won 2 gold medals, 13 silver medals and 9 bronze medals. Nine others broke the world record.

(2) 1988 10, the 8th Paralympic Games was held in Seoul, Korea. China * * * 43 athletes with disabilities participated in track and field, swimming, table tennis, shooting and other events, winning gold 17, silver 17, bronze 10,1person-time, breaking nine world records.

(3)1In September 1992, China sent a delegation of 34 disabled athletes to participate in the 9th Paralympic Games held in Barcelona. China athletes won 1 1 gold, 7 silver and 7 bronze medals. In the gold medal series, delegations ranked 1 1, and the number of medals ranked 18. Another eight people broke seven world records 14 times, and 1 1 person broke the Paralympic record 2 1 time.

(4)1In August 1996, China participated in the 10th Paralympic Games held in Atlanta, USA. A team of 37 athletes won 16 gold medals, 13 silver medals and 10 bronze medals, and another 10 broke 16 world records. The total number of gold medals ranked ninth, ranking among the top ten disabled sports in the world for the first time.

(5) In June, 2000, China sent a large-scale disabled sports delegation consisting of 122 people to participate in the10/Paralympic Games held in Sydney, and * * * won 34 gold medals, 22 silver medals and 16 bronze medals, among which the gold medal list ranked sixth. At the same time, 15 people set the 15 world record for 25 times, and four people broke four Paralympic Games records for four times, writing the most brilliant page in the history of Chinese Paralympic Games.

Generally speaking, the Special Olympics is held for people with mental problems. Paralympics is a sports meeting for people with physical disabilities. Physical disability does not necessarily mean mental problems.

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